SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Providers like vouchercloud and myvouchercodes, among others, are appearing gradually and offer location-based services combined with social media.

“Various service providers such as vouchercloud, myvouchercodes and similar organisations are gradually emerging and they provide location based services whilst integrating social media.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Numerous destination marketing bodies already recognise these shifts and use bloggers, photographers and instagrammers to co-create and manage their online reputation.

“Many destination marketing organisations have already understood the changes and harness the power of bloggers, photographers, instagrammers in the co-creation and management of their online reputation.”

May combine two claims.

Gathering rich personal data from consumers' internal context helps better understand and address customer needs and find new market trends.

“Gathering rich personal data from the consumers internal context helps to better understand and address their customer's needs and to find out about new market trends (Sigala, 2012).”

• cites Sigala, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Some contextual factors are objective, while others are subjective and depend on the individual or the situation.

“Finally, some contextual factors are objective, whilst others are subjective and depend on the individual or the situation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Combining location-aware technologies with social networking on mobile devices is a common practice.

“A common practice is combining location-aware technologies with social networking on mobile devices (Marimon et al., 2010).”

• cites Marimon et al., 2010Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

That comprehensive representation enables highly personalised information and recommendations and adds value to customer experience dynamically.

“As a result they will be able to provide highly personalised information and recommendations and add value to customer experience dynamically.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Tussyadiah found that supplier rewards for interacting through location-based social network applications can lead to actual behaviour and loyalty.

“Her finding that rewards provided by suppliers for interacting through location-based social network applications can lead to actual behaviour and loyalty clearly outlines one of the key potentials of combining multiple context types.”

• cites Tussyadiah (2012) sourceNot checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

This has resulted in the development of Location-Based Social Networks or applications.

“This has resulted in the development of Location-Based Social Networks or applications (LBSNs; Gao and Liu, 2012;Tussyadiah, 2012;Traynor and Curran, 2013).”

• cites Gao and Liu, 2012Not checked yet

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• cites Tussyadiah, 2012 sourceNot checked yet

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• cites Traynor and Curran, 2013Not checked yet

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Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In service-dominant logic, customers and providers are never distinct because value is always co-created through interaction of resources and application of competences between providers and beneficiaries.

“In this view customers and manufacturers or service providers are never distinct because value is always co-created through an interaction of resources and an application of competences between the providers and the beneficiaries (Vargo et al. 2008).”

• cites Vargo et al. 2008Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Combining customers' revealed preferences and needs from personalised applications and social media with situation-specific information from their environment gives a comprehensive representation of their internal and external context.

“If marketers combine the preferences and needs that their customers reveal on personalised applications and social media with the situation-specific information from the customer's surrounding environment they will get a comprehensive representation of the user's internal and external context.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Malm, advertisements targeted using a consumer's location generate higher returns than conventional mobile advertising.

“According to Malm (2013) advertisements that are targeted using a consumer's location generate higher returns than conventional mobile advertising.”

• cites Malm (2013)Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Social media has significantly affected consumer behaviour and made consumers more powerful than before.

“Social media has significantly affected the behaviour of consumers and has made them more powerful than ever before (Strauss and Frost, 2012).”

• cites Strauss and Frost, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

SoCoMo marketing will allow marketers to raise value for every stakeholder at a destination.

“It proposes Social Context Mobile (SoCoMo) marketing as a new concept that will enable marketers to increase value for all stakeholders at the destination.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Regardless of whether co-creation is necessary, the customer is always viewed as an active and indispensable part of value co-creation.

“This implies that, regardless of whether co-creation is necessary or not, the customer is always viewed as an active and indispensable part of the value co-creation (Horbel, 2013).”

• cites Horbel, 2013Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Social activity on mobile phones enables consumers to share decisions, experiences and debates and encourages immediate reactions and recognition.

“This social activity on mobile phones enables consumers to share their decisions, experiences, debates and encourage immediate reactions and recognition (Tussyadiah, 2012).”

• cites Tussyadiah, 2012 sourceNot checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Contextual information can be external or internal in nature.

“The information that characterises context is referred as contextual information, which can be of external or internal nature (Prekop and Burnett, 2003).”

• cites Prekop and Burnett, 2003Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Motsching et al. found that tourists who used recommender systems could see four times more sights in a specific time period than those who did not use such systems.

“The study by Motsching et al. (2007) found that those tourists that used recommender systems could see four times more sights in a specific time period than those who did not use such systems.”

• cites Motsching et al. (2007)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The growth of social networking activities on mobile devices can explain why leading social networking services have started to prioritise their mobile offerings.

“The growth of the social networking activities on mobile devices can explain why leading social networking services have started to prioritise their mobile offerings (Malm, 2013).”

• cites Malm, 2013Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Mobile devices are likely to pave the way for context-based services because latest-generation devices and connectivity technologies dramatically affect consumer behaviour.

“The second reason why mobile devices are likely to pave the way for the emergence of context-based services (Lamsfus et al. 2010) comes from the dramatic impact that latest generation devices and connectivity technologies have on the behaviour of consumers.”

• cites Lamsfus et al. 2010Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Combining social media and context-aware marketing on mobile devices will drive successful businesses in the near future.

“Therefore, it is the combination of social media (So) and context-aware marketing (Co) on mobile devices (Mo) that will drive successful businesses in the near future.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

SoCoMo marketing will let tourism organisations and destinations transform their offerings and co-create products and services dynamically with consumers.

“SoCoMo marketing introduces a new paradigm for travel and tourism and will enable tourism organisations and destinations to revolutionise their offering and co-create products and services dynamically with their consumers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

SoCoMo marketing facilitates co-creation further by engaging contextual factors with consumers' known personal preferences at each particular moment.

“SoCoMo marketing facilitates that further by engaging contextual factors to the known personal preferences of the consumers at each particular moment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Location-based marketing uses consumers' location to communicate and engage with them and to predict their needs.

“This type of marketing makes use of the location of consumers in order to communicate and engage with them and to predict their needs (Xu et al., 2011).”

• cites Xu et al., 2011Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Consumers demand highly personalised products related to their individual context and an effective way to communicate dynamically.

“As a result, consumers demand highly personalised products that are related to their individual context (Buhalis and Law, 2008) and an effective way to communicate dynamically.”

• cites Buhalis and Law, 2008 sourceNot checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Beldona et al. found that consumers consider location-based marketing an additional added value to their experience that can be augmented using location-based services.

“Beldona et al. (2012) found that consumers consider LBM as an additional added value to their experience that can be augmented using location-based services.”

• cites Beldona et al. (2012)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Context-aware data can create a parsimony of communications and interpretations by supplementing what has been said or left out.

“Such context-aware data can create a parsimony of communications and interpretations that is enabled through context by supplementing what has been said or left out (Mehra, 2012).”

• cites Mehra, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

LBSNs allow users to share their location and restaurant recommendations with friends on social networks based on where the users' network of friends are located.

“LBSNs allow users to share their location and restaurant recommendations with friends on social networks based on where the users network of friends are located (Wireless Telecommunication Bureau, 2012).”

• cites Wireless Telecommunication Bureau, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Some contextual factors can be automatically derived from the environment, while others require specification by the user.

“Some contextual factors, such as location or time, can be automatically derived from the environment whereas other factors, like topics of interests, may require a specification setting by the user (Tanca et al., 2011).”

• cites Tanca et al., 2011Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Tourism destination marketers can obtain information by interacting with tourists on social media or by analyzing their interactions using data mining.

“At first, tourism destination marketers can gain information from interacting with tourists on social media or from analysing interactions among them, using data mining techniques.”

• cites Wang and Xiang, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Mobile context-awareness concerns awareness of the physical environment surrounding the user and their mobile device.

“Mobile context-awareness is concerned with the awareness of the physical environment that surrounds the user and his mobile device (Schmidt et al., 1998).”

• cites Schmidt et al., 1998Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Big data analysis will assist the aggregation and analysis of this information and the development of patterns.

“Big data analysis will assist the aggregation and analysis of this information and the developments of patterns.”

May combine two claims.

Co-creation allows consumers to customise products and services to their needs, increase the value generated, and enhance the perceived uniqueness and authenticity of the destination.

“It allows consumers to customize products and services to their needs, to increase the value generated and to enhance the perceived uniqueness and authenticity of the destination (Binkhorst and Den Dekker, 2009).”

• cites Binkhorst and Den Dekker, 2009Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

SoCoMo marketing is still a futuristic concept.

“SoCoMo marketing still has to be considered as a futuristic concept.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

For suppliers, SoCoMo marketing is claimed to yield benefits such as loyalty over time, live engagement, reputation online, targeted ads, live promotions, live yield management, tailored products and services, influence over consumer choices, more co-creation, and the chance to compete with larger firms.

“• Long-term loyalty • Real-time engagement • Online reputation • Targeted advertising • Real-time promotion • Real-time yield management • Personalisation of products and services • Influence consumer decision making • Increased co-creation • Opportunity to compete among larger businesses”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Smart cities and smart destinations are also appearing, helping enable these advances and connect stakeholders.

“Smart cities and smart destinations also emerge to facilitate these developments and to bring stakeholders closely together.”

May combine two claims.

Mobile device displays have constraints: rich graphics often depend on screen dimensions, and text formatting, font sizes and images render differently across devices.

“Often the provision of rich graphical content depends on the screen size while formatted text, font sizes and graphics are displayed differently on other devices (Dhar and Varshney, 2011).”

• cites Dhar and Varshney, 2011Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Creating a successful app demands sustained investment, high-quality content and interface, and continuous engagement.

“Rugel (2012) highlighted that the design of a successful application is a long-term investment that requires a certain standard of quality in content and user interface as well as an on-going engagement.”

• cites Rugel (2012)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

SoCoMo will gain from additional data sent with or without user permission, since devices are becoming contextual sensors.

“This will be enhanced with a lot more information that is transmitted with or without the consumer's consent, as all devices will increasingly act as sensors of contextual information.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Widespread use of mobiles as everyday controllers lets tourism firms adopt responsive SoCoMo practices, co-create offerings dynamically, improve tourist experiences and generate stakeholder value.

“The high adoption of mobile devices, as remote controls for life, enables the tourism industry to develop highly responsive SoCoMo marketing practices and dynamically co-create tourism products and services, offering more satisfying tourist experiences and co-creating value for all stakeholders.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Context-relevant messaging is growing in importance for marketers.

“Providing context-relevant messages is becoming an increasingly relevant topic for marketers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In a connected age where consumers co-create trips through ongoing dialogue, brochures and conventional campaigns no longer suffice.

“Producing brochures and marketing campaigns is simply not adequate in the era of connectivity when consumers engage in dynamic dialogue in order to co-create their travel experiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The spread and improvement of iPhone and Android devices are slowly removing some of these technical obstacles.

“The proliferation and advancements of the IOS (iPhone) and Android based smartphones are gradually eliminating some of these challenges.”

May combine two claims.

SoCoMo might encourage travellers to decide more spontaneously about destination activities, which could enrich their experience.

“SoCoMo may motivate tourists to make more spontaneous decisions about travel-related components within the destination adding value to their experience.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

SoCoMo is driving a novel form of interactive, dynamic consumption rooted in co-creation between consumers and producers and in peer-to-peer exchange, which only the digital age allows.

“Perhaps most importantly, SoCoMo is propelling a new way of interactive and dynamic consumption based on co-creation between consumer and producer but also between peer to peer interaction that is only possible in the digital era where everybody is consumer and producer of information.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

SoCoMo may launch an era of agile mobile tourism marketing that transforms the tourism product by delivering real-time, context-relevant information throughout the traveller journey.

“SoCoMo marketing could therefore is the beginning of a whole new era of mobile-based agile tourism marketing that will revolutionize the tourism product by serving tourists real-time, context-relevant information at all stages of their travel experiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

This will transform the whole tourism industry from a process-driven system into a dynamic value co-creation ecosystem for consumers and stakeholders.

“This will effectively reengineer the entire tourism industry from a process based mechanism to a dynamic ecosystem of value co-creation for consumers and all stakeholders involved.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Visitors frequently cannot speak or read the local language and do not know how or where to begin looking for services.

“Often, they are unable to communicate and read the local language and have no idea where and how to start their search for services.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

To merge social media with mobile marketing, firms must incorporate social media and build mobile engagement on social platforms.

“Combining social media and mobile marketing requires businesses to integrate social media as well as to establish mobile engagement on social platforms (HeBS, 2012).”

• cites HeBS, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Liu and Fan (2013) indicated that variations in mobile device capabilities shape tourist behaviour, whether directly or indirectly.

“Liu and Fan (2013) pointed out that the different capabilities of mobile devices directly or indirectly influence the behaviour pattern of tourists.”

• cites Liu and Fan (2013)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Data mining examines patterns in user behaviour and surroundings, supports proactive messaging, and improves relevance when devices or services react to user actions.

“Data mining analyses patterns over user behaviour and environment, enables proactive communications and increases the relevance when a device or service responds to actions that were initiated by users (Mehra, 2012).”

• cites Mehra, 2012Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Destination management and marketing are shifting from public-sector routines to dynamic, cutting-edge interactions that demand innovation, agility and continuous stakeholder involvement to maximise value.

“Destination management and marketing is revolutionised from public sector practices to cutting edge dynamic interactions that require innovation, agility and constant engagement with stakeholders towards the maximisation of the value generated for all stakeholders.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Semantic web technologies will interpret content meaning and thereby unlock more of SoCoMo marketing's potential.

“The semantic web will bring about technologies that recognise and understand the meaning of content and therefore maximize the potentials of SoCoMo marketing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Perez (2010) reported that 55% of respondents worried about privacy loss, and 34% thought location disclosure could alert burglars to their absence from home.

“Perez (2010) found that 55% of the participants stated to be worried about a loss of privacy and 34% felt that by revealing their current location they could inform burglars when they are away from home.”

• cites Perez (2010)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The listed challenges point to crucial factors that will shape whether SoCoMo can reach its full potential and create maximum value for stakeholders.

“The challenges mentioned above are by far not exhausting but identify the key issues that will be determining the ability of SoCoMo marketing to achieve its full potential and to maximise the value generated for all stakeholders.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Several emerging technologies could help remove the remaining barriers to SoCoMo marketing.

“Many of these new technologies may help to overcome the limitations that still exist for SoCoMo marketing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Rapid ICT progress has produced more mobile devices, enabling marketers to create tailored information that reflects a consumer's immediate circumstances.

“The dramatic advancement in ICTs have led to a growing amount of mobile devices that allow marketers to generate information that is highly personalised and can take into account the situation of the consumer at each particular moment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Because tourists behave and move in distinctive ways, tourism is seen as an ideal testing ground where SoCoMo could achieve its greatest successes.

“Due to the unique characteristics of tourist behaviour and their mobility, tourism has been identified as an ideal test bed industry where SoCoMo may reveal its biggest successes.”

May combine two claims.

More opportunities will come as 4G, 5G and broad WiFi roll out, giving whole destinations wireless broadband and removing costly roaming fees.

“Further opportunities will arrive with the increased introduction of 4G and 5G and extensive Wifi coverage, which will provide users with wireless broadband Internet access to entire destinations and the elimination of expensive data roaming charges (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”

• cites Buhalis and Law, 2008 sourceNot checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The SoCoMo developments and model revolutionise destination marketing.

“The SoCoMo developments and model revolutionise destination marketing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Gao and Liu (2012) reported that while certain users like disclosing their location to friends, others see it as revealing preferences and movement patterns that may create security dangers.

“For example, Gao and Liu (2012) found that, whereas some users enjoy sharing their location with their friends, others consider sharing their personal location as a disclosure to their preferences and movement risks, which they think can result in potential security risks.”

• cites Gao and Liu (2012)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Compared with locals who know an area, tourists-particularly first-time visitors-depend far less on implicit local knowledge.

“Tourist, especially on their first trip to a destination, rely much less than local residents who are familiar with the area on tacit knowledge.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Big Data can underpin intelligence gathering and may yield valuable new variables for studying consumers.

“Big Data provides an interesting base for intelligence gathering (Traynor and Currant, 2013) as well as a potential source for powerful new variables that can be used for consumer research (Nunan and Di Domenico, 2013).”

• cites Traynor and Currant, 2013Not checked yet

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• cites Nunan and Di Domenico, 2013Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

SoCoMo will let local providers and destinations create situation-specific solutions for each traveller by combining preset preferences, social media activity and behavioural learning.

“SoCoMo will enable local service providers and destinations to generate context specific solutions that address the individual needs of travellers dynamically through a combination of personalisation based on pre-set preferences, social media interactions and learning through patterns of behaviour.”

May combine two claims.

SoCoMo messages may assist travellers in handling unforeseen events at a destination and in continuing their trip smoothly.

“These messages can also help tourists to cope with unexpected situations in the destination and to continue their travel experience in an efficient and effective manner.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Warres (2012) noted that GPS use in location-based apps frequently exhausts batteries quickly, particularly in cold settings like ski resorts.

“Warres (2012) highlighted that the power of these batteries is often quickly drained by the GPS function for location-based applications, especially in cold environments such as ski resorts.”

• cites Warres (2012)Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Several technologies are essential to build the supporting infrastructure for SoCoMo, such as ambient intelligence, 4G/5G, WiMax and wide-area WiFi, IoT and M2M connectivity, and augmented reality.

“The Internet of Things and Machine to Machine connectivity to ensure interconnectivity and interoperability between different devices and systems as well as augmented reality to add visual representation on the field of vision.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

These challenges will force the tourism industry to reorganise and demand flexible organisational structures that let destinations and firms adapt and benefit.

“These challenges inevitably bring a reengineering of the tourism industry and require dynamic organisational formations to ensure that tourism organisations and destinations can organise themselves to take advantage.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Pulling useful knowledge from Big Data is becoming more efficient and nearly instantaneous, which strengthens SoCoMo.

“Increasingly the extraction of valuable information from Big Data is very efficient and close to real-time (Wu et al., 2014) empowering SoCoMo.”

• cites Wu et al., 2014Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

SoCoMo marketing is advancing quickly, and its future success is already foreseeable from the anticipated rise of more sophisticated context-aware services.

“SoCoMo marketing is developing fast and its success can already be predicted by the expected emergence of even more advanced context-aware services.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

As far as tourism is concerned, no organisation appears to have yet integrated every element of SoCoMo marketing in a single strategy.

“At least in tourism, there seems to be no organisation yet that successfully combines all aspects of SoCoMo marketing into one strategy.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

By gathering facts and trends about social media, context-based and mobile marketing, initial scenarios can illustrate these new techniques.

“However, through the collection of facts and trends in the area of social media, context-based, mobile, marketing, first scenarios can be created to demonstrate the new techniques.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Big data has arisen to capture the abundance of information accessible online.

“Big data emerges to capture the wellness of information available online.”