Vegetation, water infiltration, and soil carbon response to adaptive multi-paddock and conventional grazing in southeastern USA ranches
Abstract
We examine Adaptive Multi-Paddock (AMP) grazed with short grazing events and planned recovery periods and paired ranches using Conventional Continuous Grazing (CG) at low stock density on vegetation, water infiltration, and soil carbon across SE USA. Increased vegetation standing biomass and plant species dominance-diversity were measured in AMP grazed ranches. Invasive perennial plant species richness and abundance increased with AMP grazing in the south, while in the north they increased on CG grazed ranches. Percent bare ground was significantly greater in CG at the Alabama and Mississippi sites, no different at the Kentucky and mid-Alabama sites, and greater on AMP at the Tennessee pair. On average, surface water infiltration was higher on AMP than paired CG ranches. Averaged over all locations, soil organic carbon stocks to a depth of 1 m were over 13% greater on AMP than CG ranches, and standing crop biomass was >300% higher on AMP ranches. AMP grazing supported substantially higher livestock stocking levels while providing significant improvements in vegetation, soil carbon, and water infiltration functions. AMP grazing also significantly increased available forage nutrition for key constituents, and increased soil carbon to provide significant resource and economic benefits for improving ecological health, resilience, and durability of the family ranch.
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Multiple studies have demonstrated SOC gains under AMP grazing, alongside broader improvements in ecophysiological indicators of soil health such as enhanced plant community composition and water dynamics.
“Despite limited long-term data, multiple studies have demonstrated SOC gains under AMP grazing (e.g., Mosier et al., 2021;Stanley et al., 2025), alongside broader improvements in ecophysiological indicators of soil health such as enhanced plant community composition and water dynamics (Apfelbaum et al., 2022;Döbert et al., 2021).”
From Impact of 10 years of adaptive multi-paddock grazing on soil carbon and beef's greenhouse gas footprint in the US Upper Midwest (2026) · cites this paper as Apfelbaum et al., 2022
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‘The mountain has a story to tell’: transhumant production systems in the US Intermountain West
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Juhász, Á., Bokor, J. K., Boros, N., Csete, S., Döbröntey, R. E., Herényi, M., Ittzés, A., Kiss, L. V., Nagy, J., Nagy, P. I., et al. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16203288
- Authors
- Apfelbaum, S. I., Thompson, R., Wang, F., Mosier, S., Teague, R., & Byck, P.
- Affiliations
- Applied Ecological Institute (US)
- Renewable Energy Systems (United States) (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Apfelbaum, Steven I.
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 308
- Pages
- 114576
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210463466
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 9.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Keywords
- adaptive multi-paddock grazing, rotational grazing, soil organic carbon, water infiltration, plant biomass, plant diversity, bare ground, livestock stocking, forage nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Soil, Water, Ecosystem, Biomass
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