Spatial and vertical variations of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments of the Haihe River, China
Abstract
The levels of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface sediment and their vertical variations in dated sediment cores from the Haihe River were investigated; studied substances included perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA). Results showed that the total PFAS concentration in surface sediment ranged between 0.52 and 16.33 ng/g dry weight (dw) with an average of 3.47 ng/g dw, with PFOS and PFOA as the dominant PFASs. In general, the PFAS concentrations in the mainstream increased from the upper to the lower reaches, except that a drop occurred downstream of the Erdao dam. Although the PFASs in the sediment cores did not show a clear decreasing or increasing trend with depth, the three cores had a similar vertical variation. The PFAS levels were relatively low in the surface sediment, and reached the first high point at 8-20 cm as a result of the wide use of PFASs from 1990 to 2000. After that the PFAS levels decreased, and then increased to a second high point at about 40-48 cm, which might be caused by the leaching of PFASs in sediment. Because PFASs have hydrophilic groups and relatively high solubility, the PFASs will transfer from the upper to lower layers of sediment when water infiltration occurs, leading to the fluctuation of PFAS levels in sediment cores. This study suggests that both the temporal variation of sources and transfer processes of PFASs in sediments are important factors influencing the vertical variation of PFASs in sediment cores.
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PFOA and PFOS were the dominant PFAS compounds and were thought to be the final transformation products of other PFASs.
“Many studies found that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were the dominant compounds and they were believed to be the final transformation products of other PFASs”
From Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river (2016) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2014
The total PFAS concentration in Yellow River sediment was similar to that in the Haihe River, which also empties into the Bohai Sea, where surface sediment total PFAS (PFOS and C8-C12 PFCAs) ranged from 0.52 to 16.33 ng per gram dry weight.
“The total PFAS concentration in the Yellow River was at similar levels as in the Haihe River, which also empties into the Bohai Sea, with the total PFAS concentration (PFOS and C8-C12 PFCAs) in surface sediment ranged between 0.52 and 16.33 ng/g dry weight”
From Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river (2016) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Zhao, X., Xia, X., Zhang, S., Wu, Q., & Wang, X.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xia, Xinghui
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1557-1566
- ISSN
- 1001-0742 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2049032225
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Environmental Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFAS contamination, river sediments, sediment core, vertical distribution, surface sediments, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, perfluorodecanoic acid, sediment leaching, water infiltration, Haihe River
- MeSH terms
- China, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Geologic Sediments, Rivers
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