Seasonal trends of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in river water affected by fire training sites and wastewater treatment plants
Open accessAbstract
Fire-fighting training areas and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are potential sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the nearby aquatic environment. This study investigated seasonal variations of PFAS levels in two river catchments in Sweden; one impacted by Stockholm Arlanda Airport (Sites 1 and 2), and the other by WWTPs and a military airport (Uppsala) (Sites 3 and 4). ƩPFAS concentrations were up to 61 (Sites 1 and 2) and 4 (Sites 3 and 4) times higher compared to the reference site. Distinct different seasonal trends were observed in the two catchments with higher ∑PFAS concentrations during the high water flow season at Site 1 compared to the low water flow season, whereas Sites 3 and 4 showed an inverse seasonal trend. This demonstrates that the pollution is mobilized during periods of high flow in the first catchment (Stockholm Arlanda Airport), while it is diluted during high flow in the second catchment (Uppsala). Average annual loads for ∑PFASs were estimated at ∼5.2 and ∼3.7 kg yr−1 for the catchment in Uppsala and Stockholm Arlanda Airport, respectively. Thus, both catchments add PFASs to Lake Mälaren, which is Sweden's most important source area for drinking water production.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings
Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., Lai, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., & Seed, J. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 · Cited by 2,620 · see citing works
Sorption of Perfluorinated Surfactants on Sediments
Higgins, C. P., & Luthy, R. G. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es061000n · Cited by 1,563 · see citing works
Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A., Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C. C., Blum, A., Balan, S. A., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00260 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Adsorption behavior and mechanism of perfluorinated compounds on various adsorbents—A review
Du, Z., Deng, S., Bei, Y., Huang, Q., Wang, B., Huang, J., & Yu, G. (2014) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.038 · Cited by 1,236 · see citing works
Martin, J. W., Mabury, S. A., Solomon, K. R., & Muir, D. C. G. (2003) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620220126 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil
Houtz, E. F., Higgins, C. P., Field, J. A., & Sedlak, D. L. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4018877 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the aquatic environment: a review of their occurrence and fate
Ahrens, L. (2011) · J. Environ. Monit. · doi:10.1039/c0em00373e · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Self-citationBacke, W. J., Day, T. C., & Field, J. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3034999 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Kim, S.-K., & Kannan, K. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es072107t · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Guelfo, J. L., & Higgins, C. P. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3048043 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances
Jensen, A. A., & Leffers, H. C. B. (2008) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
(2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_101506 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Houtz, E. F., Sutton, R., Park, J.-S., & Sedlak, M. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.055 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Quantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS
Schultz, M. M., Barofsky, D. F., & Field, J. A. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es035031j · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed
Möller, A., Ahrens, L., Surm, R., Westerveld, J., van der Wielen, F., Ebinghaus, R., & de Voogt, P. (2010) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.019 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationSharma, B. M., Bharat, G. K., Tayal, S., Larssen, T., Bečanová, J., Karásková, P., Whitehead, P. G., Futter, M. N., Butterfield, D., & Nizzetto, L. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.050 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Trophic Magnification of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds in a Subtropical Food Web
Loi, E. I. H., Yeung, L. W. Y., Taniyasu, S., Lam, P. K. S., Kannan, K., & Yamashita, N. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es200432n · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Wang, N., Liu, J., Buck, R. C., Korzeniowski, S. H., Wolstenholme, B. W., Folsom, P. W., & Sulecki, L. M. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.003 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Zhao, P., Xia, X., Dong, J., Xia, N., Jiang, X., Li, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.221 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Endocrine disrupting properties of perfluorooctanoic acid,
White, S., Fenton, S., & Hines, E. (2011) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.03.011 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Campos Pereira, H., Ullberg, M., Kleja, D. B., Gustafsson, J. P., & Ahrens, L. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.012 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationAhrens, L., Norström, K., Viktor, T., Cousins, A. P., & Josefsson, S. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.136 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationAquatic Toxicology of Perfluorinated Chemicals
Giesy, J. P., Naile, J. E., Khim, J. S., Jones, P. D., & Newsted, J. L. (2009) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1157-5_1 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Predicting the Partitioning Behavior of Various Highly Fluorinated Compounds
Arp, H. P. H., Niederer, C., & Goss, K. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es060744y · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Banzhaf, S., Filipovic, M., Lewis, J., Sparrenbom, C. J., & Barthel, R. (2017) · Ambio · doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0848-8 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Perfluorooctane surfactants in waste waters, the major source of river pollution
Becker, A. M., Gerstmann, S., & Frank, H. (2008) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.009 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Vierke, L., Staude, C., Biegel-Engler, A., Drost, W., & Schulte, C. (2012) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/2190-4715-24-16 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Bach, C., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.056 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
de Solla, S. R., De Silva, A. O., & Letcher, R. J. (2012) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.09.011 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Biomagnification of Perfluorinated Compounds in a Remote Terrestrial Food Chain: Lichen–Caribou–Wolf
Müller, C., Silva, A. O. D., Small, J. M., Williamson, M., Wang, X., Morris, A. D., Katz, S., Gamberg, M., & Muir, D. C. G. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es201353v · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Hale, S. E., Arp, H. P. H., Slinde, G. A., Wade, E. J., Bjørseth, K., Breedveld, G. D., Fredrik, S. B., Moe, K. G., Jartun, M., & Høisæter, Å. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.057 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Baduel, C., Mueller, J. F., Rotander, A., Corfield, J., & Gomez-Ramos, M.-J. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.096 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Kärrman, A., Elgh-Dalgren, K., Lafossas, C., & Møskeland, T. (2011) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en10145 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in waters from Germany and Spain
Llorca, M., Farré, M., Picó, Y., Müller, J., Knepper, T. P., & Barceló, D. (2012) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.011 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhu, L., Pan, X., Fang, S., Zhang, Y., & Yang, L. (2015) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.032 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Long-Term Environmental Fate of Perfluorinated Compounds after Accidental Release at Toronto Airport
Awad, E., Zhang, X., Bhavsar, S. P., Petro, S., Crozier, P. W., Reiner, E. J., Fletcher, R., Tittlemier, S. A., & Braekevelt, E. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2001985 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Nguyen, M. A., Wiberg, K., Ribéli, E., Josefsson, S., Futter, M. N., Gustavsson, J., & Ahrens, L. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.089 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationTaniyasu, S., Yamashita, N., Moon, H., Kwok, K. Y., Lam, P. K. S., Horii, Y., Petrick, G., & Kannan, K. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Gago-Ferrero, P., Gros, M., Ahrens, L., & Wiberg, K. (2017) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.258 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationGyllenhammar, I., Berger, U., Sundström, M., McCleaf, P., Eurén, K., Eriksson, S., Ahlgren, S., Lignell, S., Aune, M., Kotova, N., et al. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.019 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Ahrens, L., Gerwinski, W., Theobald, N., & Ebinghaus, R. (2009) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.013 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, Z., Xie, Z., Tang, J., Sturm, R., Chen, Y., Zhang, G., & Ebinghaus, R. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.050 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mass Balance of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Baltic Sea
Filipovic, M., Berger, U., & McLachlan, M. S. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es400174y · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Malnes, D., Ahrens, L., Köhler, S. J., Forsberg, M., & Golovko, O. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133825 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationRehrl, A.-L., Golovko, O., Ahrens, L., & Köhler, S. J. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126168 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationMass Balance of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in a Pristine Boreal Catchment
Filipovic, M., Laudon, H., McLachlan, M. S., & Berger, U. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03403 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Riparian zone control on base cation concentration in boreal streams
Ledesma, J. L. J., Grabs, T., Futter, M. N., Bishop, K., Laudon, H., & Köhler, S. J. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-3849-2013 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Zhu, Z., Wang, T., Meng, J., Wang, P., Li, Q., & Lü, Y. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4189-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Morphometry and Hydrology of the Four Large Lakes of Sweden
Kvarnäs, H. (2001) · AMBIO · doi:10.1579/0044-7447-30.8.467 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Spatial and vertical variations of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments of the Haihe River, China
Zhao, X., Xia, X., Zhang, S., Wu, Q., & Wang, X. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.05.023 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Persson, G. (2001) · AMBIO · doi:10.1579/0044-7447-30.8.486 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Allaby, M., 1998. A Dictionary of Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- ECHA, 2013. In: E.C. (Ed.), Inclusion of Substances of Very High Concern in the Candidate List for Eventual Inclusion in Annex XIV in: Agency. ED/69/2013, Helsinki.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gobelius, L., Glimstedt, L., Olsson, J., Wiberg, K., & Ahrens, L. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139182 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationXing, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, X., Lin, X., Li, J.-Y., Liu, P., Lee, H. K., & Huang, Z. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167313 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Alam, M. S., Abbasi, A., & Chen, G. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123163 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Kali, S. E., Österlund, H., Viklander, M., & Blecken, G.-T. (2025) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122973 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cserbik, D., Redondo‐Hasselerharm, P. E., Farré, M. J., Sanchís, J., Bartolomé, A., Paraian, A., Herrera, E. M., Caixach, J., Villanueva, C. M., & Flores, C. (2023) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-023-00236-y · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Kim, J., Xin, X., Hawkins, G. L., Huang, Q., & Huang, C. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00541 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Liu, J., Zhao, Z., Li, J., Hua, X., Zhang, B., Tang, C., An, X., & Lin, T. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140360 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
PFAS River Export Analysis Highlights the Urgent Need for Catchment-Scale Mass Loading Data
Byrne, P., Mayes, W. M., James, A. L., Comber, S., Biles, E., Riley, A. L., & Runkel, R. L. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dunn, M., Noons, N., Vojta, Š., Bečanová, J., Pickard, H. M., Sunderland, E. M., & Lohmann, R. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00439 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Weber, R., Gironés, L., Förstner, U., Tysklind, M., Laner, D., Hollert, H., Forter, M., & Vijgen, J. (2025) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01060-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chambial, P., Thakur, N., Kushawaha, J., & Kumar, R. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178803 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Medon, B., Pautler, B. G., Sweett, A., Roberts, J., Risacher, F. F., D’Agostino, L. A., Conder, J., Gauthier, J. R., Mabury, S. A., Patterson, A. D., et al. (2023) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d2em00483f · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Airport Runoff Water: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
Sulej-Suchomska, A. M., Szumińska, D., de la Guárdia, M., Przybyłowski, P., & Polkowska, Ż. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16188176 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Alam, M. S., & Chen, G. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-025-00851-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sokolova, E., Prajapati, P., Ekman, F., Maharjan, N., Lindqvist, S., Kjellin, J., Karlsson, A., Bondelind, M., Ahrens, L., & Köhler, S. J. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125581 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationRöhrig, A., Grasse, N., Krauss, M., Bücher, D., Brack, W., Kamjunke, N., Matousu, A., Sanders, T., Bussmann, I., Achterberg, E. P., et al. (2026) · ACS Environmental Au · doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00219 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sulej-Suchomska, A. M., Kozioł, K., & Polkowska, Ż. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16125152 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Estoppey, N., Pfeiffer, F., Glanzmann, V., Reymond, N., Tascon, I., Huisman, S., Lacour, W., Olivier Ribaux, A., & Weyermann, C. (2023) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Forensic Science · doi:10.1002/wfs2.1499 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kakavas, K. V., Faraslis, I. N., Awad, R., Katsafadou, A. I., Mirmigkou, S., Providas, E., & Giovanoulis, G. (2025) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-025-37219-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Borrés, S. E. S., Kumar, S., Bonzongo, J. J., Quiñones, K. Y. D., & Jutla, A. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00286 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pronschinske, M. A., Corsi, S. R., Elliott, S. M., Shafer, M. M., Hannon, K. M., Gruber, K. J., & Remucal, C. K. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf073 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ceballos, I. M., Terro, H., Barbeau, B., McQuaid, N., Sauvé, S., & Dorner, S. M. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.5c00562 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Enders, J. R., Weed, R. A., Donovan, E., Phelps, D. W., Campbell, G., May, K., & Baker, E. S. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c03600 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rho, H., Muambo, K. E., Ekpe, O. D., Kang, J.-K., Park, J., Heo, Y. H., & Oh, J. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140864 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tri, D. V., Nhu, H. D. H., Anh, N. T., Nhi, D. T. K., & Luu, T. L. (2026) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181360 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, Y., Wang, C., Lin, T., Li, Y., Mai, Y., Wang, J., Yuan, J., Sun, C., Wang, J., Zhang, X., et al. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.125749 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lyu, J., Chen, Y.-Y., Zhang, L., Wen, X., & Tudi, M. (2025) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2025.104367 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Schreiner, M. L., Romanok, K. M., Gray, J. T., Brown, E. J., Williams, B., Kneser, M., Capuzzi, A., Boerner, J., Giunta, L., Serillo, P., et al. (2026) · Scientific investigations report · doi:10.3133/sir20265018 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hydrology shapes PFAS profiles and precursor contributions in a wastewater-impacted river
Perkola, N., Cappelli, F., Junttila, V., Vähä, E., Covaci, A., Vorkamp, K., Niarchos, G., Six, L., Bello, M. A., & Awad, R. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.126116 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Field assessment of a constructed wetland for stormwater treatment: A focus on PFAS management
Awad, J., Silva, H. C., Navarro, D., Blotevogel, E., Juhasz, A., & Kirby, J. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101092 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Shu, A., Xie, T., Dou, P., Zhai, Y., Bai, J., & Cui, B. (2024) · Blue-Green Systems · doi:10.2166/bgs.2024.053 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Orenibi, E., Sandil, S., Dobosy, P., & Záray, G. (2026) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2026.121572 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Krlovic, N., Schaar, H., Krampe, J., Zessner, M., & Zoboli, O. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101196 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Riverine PFAS Dynamics in an Agricultural-Urban Watershed
Adeola, A., Green, D. I. S., Crumpton, W. G., & Charbonnet, J. A. (2026) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.6c00171
Mumberg, T., Ahrens, L., Kothawala, D. N., McCleaf, P., Pott, B., Rehnstam, S., & Wanner, P. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101340
Self-citationLi, J., Boxall, A. B. A., Swan, C., Hoeks, S., Lai, R. W. S., Wilkinson, J. L., Altinbag, R. C., Arrhenius, Å., Ashauer, R., Backhaus, T., et al. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.126481
Amigh, P., Tajdini, B., Pritchard, J. C., Bellona, C. L., Strathmann, T. J., Higgins, C. P., & Cath, T. Y. (2026) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.6c01012
- Authors
- Nguyen, M. A., Norström, K., Wiberg, K., Gustavsson, J., Josefsson, S., & Ahrens, L.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SE)
- Geological Survey of Sweden (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Ahrens, Lutz
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 308
- Issue
- Pt 3
- Pages
- 136467
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4295958562
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Naturvårdsverket (DO2011-0033)
- Vetenskapsrådet
- IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, seasonal variation, river water, wastewater treatment plants, military airfields, Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Uppsala, Lake Mälaren, water flow, drinking water source protection
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Seasons, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Purification, Rivers, Drinking Water
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
