The Relationship between Anxiety and Stuttering: A Multidimensional Approach

Ezrati-Vinacour, Ruth; Levin, Iris

doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.02.003

Cited by 193Stuttering Research and TreatmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesCommunication in Education and Healthcare

The Relationship between Anxiety and Stuttering: A Multidimensional Approach

Ezrati-Vinacour, Ruth, Levin, Iris·2004·Journal of Fluency Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.02.003

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Unlabelled The relationship between anxiety and stuttering is equivocal from both clinical and empirical perspectives. This study examined the relationship within the framework of the multidimensional interaction model of anxiety that includes an approach to general anxiety in specific situations [J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 60 (1991) 919]. Ninety-four males aged 18-43, half disfluent speakers and half fluent speakers completed two questionnaires: The Trait Anxiety Inventory [C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, R.E. Lushene, Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self Evaluation Questionnaire), Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1970] and the Speech Situation Checklist [G.J. Brutten, Neurolinguistic Approaches to Stuttering, Mouton, The Hague; G.J. Brutten, Stuttering: A Second Symposium, Harper and Row, New York, 1973; G.J. Brutten, P. Janssen, Proceedings 18th Congress of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrists, Washington, DC, 1975; M. Vanryckeghem, Proceedings of the XXIVth Congress of the International Association of Logopedists and Phoniatrists, Nijmegen University Press, Nijmegen, 1981]. In addition, after performing speech and non-speech tasks, participants evaluated their level of anxiety on a subjective scale, labeled Task-Related Anxiety--TRA. The stuttering group also evaluated the level of severity of their stuttering. Findings indicate that trait anxiety is higher among people who stutter compared to fluent speakers, thus indicating that anxiety is a personality trait of people who stutter. State anxiety in social communication is higher among severe stutterers as compared to mild stutterers and fluent speakers. Thus, state anxiety is related to stuttering severity. The results are discussed in the frame of the multidimensional model of anxiety.Educational objectives The reader will be able to: (1) describe the multidimensional anxiety model; (2) extend the model to the relations between stuttering and anxiety; (3) describe stuttering severity in relation to the levels of anxiety within the model.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.02.003

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Adults who stutter may experience emotional struggles, shyness, social-avoidance behaviours, and high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety.
“AWS may have to cope on a daily basis with emotional struggles during stuttering, as well as shyness and social-avoidance behaviours that result from fear of coping with communication in certain social situations, and high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety [3,7,8].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Some of the psychological adverse symptoms associated with stuttering are manifested by high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety.
“Some of the psychological adverse symptoms associated with stuttering are manifested by high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety [3,7,8].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Awareness is beneficial to self-acceptance of adults who stutter and contributes to acceptance of stuttering.
“Awareness is beneficial to self-acceptance of the AWS and contributes to acceptance of the stuttering [1,3,8,17,18,19].”
From Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [8]

Automatic and effortful processes in memory.
Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.3.356 · Cited by 2,812 · see citing works
Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (form Y) : "self-evaluation questionnaire"
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 2,352 · see citing works
Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects
Goldberger, L., & Breznitz, S. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,597 · see citing works
Anxiety and Behavior
(1966) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-12378-1 · Cited by 861 · see citing works
A Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults
Riley, G. D. (1972) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.3703.314 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Toward a cognitive psychology of syntax: Information processing contributions to sentence formulation.
Bock, J. K. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.1.1 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Untitled work
Andrews (1983) · doi:10.1044/jshd.4803.226 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
The treatment of stuttering
Riper, V., & Gage, C. Q. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Stuttering : research and therapy
Sheehan, J. G. (1970) · Harper & Row eBooks · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Multidimensionality of state and trait anxiety: Factor structure of the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales.
Endler, N. S., Parker, J. D. A., Bagby, R. M., & Cox, B. J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.919 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Stuttering and behavior therapy: Current status and experimental foundations
Ingham, R. J. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Anxiety Levels in People Who Stutter
Craig, A. R., Hancock, K. M., Tran, Y., & Craig, M. S. (2003) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2003/093 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
An Investigation into the Relationship Between Anxiety and Stuttering
Craig, A. R. (1990) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.5502.290 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The modification of stuttering
J.Schoemaker, D. (1969) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(69)90041-0 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Programmed Therapy for Stuttering in Children and Adults
Ryan, B. P. (1980) · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Anxiety and Stuttering: Exploring a Complex Relationship
Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (1999) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360.0801.03 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Stuttering: A second symposium
Eisenson, J. (1975) · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The Study of Psychological Stress: A Summary of Theoretical Formulations and Experimental Findings
Lazarus, R. S., & Opton, E. M. (1966) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3131-0.50015-9 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Understanding Stress and Anxiety
(1981) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1981.tb135496.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Assessing Communication Attitudes Among Stutterers
Erickson, R. L. (1969) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.1204.711 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Stuttering and social anxiety
Kraaimaat, F. W., Vanryckeghem, M., & van Dam‐Baggen, R. (2002) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00160-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Autonomic Correlates of Stuttering and Speech Assessed in a Range of Experimental Tasks
Weber, C., & Smith, A. (1990) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3304.690 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Communication Attitude, Anxiety, and Depression in Stutterers and Nonstutterers
Miller, S. B., & Watson, B. C. (1992) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3504.789 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Stuttering and anxiety: The difference between stutterers and nonstutterers in verbal apprehension and physiologic arousal during the anticipation of speech and non-speech tasks
Peters, H. F. M., & Hulstijn, W. (1984) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(84)90008-1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Adults Who Stutter
Caruso, A. J., Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Bidinger, D. A., & Sommers, R. K. (1994) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3704.746 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Traits attributed to stuttering and nonstuttering children by their mothers
Fowlie, G. M., & Cooper, E. B. (1978) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(78)90023-2 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Anxiety and Social Phobia in Stuttering
Mahr, G. C., & Torosian, T. (1999) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0094-730x(98)00027-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Subjective Anxiety Measurements and Cortisol Responses in Adults Who Stutter
Blood, G. W., Blood, I. M., Bennett, S., Simpson, K. C., & Susman, E. J. (1994) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3704.760 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Controversies about stuttering therapy
Gregory, H. H. (1979) · University Park Press eBooks · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The epigenesis of stuttering
Starkweather, C. W. (2002) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0094-730x(02)00144-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hassles, Health, and Happiness
Endler, N. S. (1988) · Contributions to psychology and medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3824-9_2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Social Anxiety and Stuttering
Kraaimaat, F., Janssen, P., & van Dam‐Baggen, R. (1991) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1991.72.3.766 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
An Experimental Approach To Expectancy And Anxiety In Stuttering behavior
Wischner, G. J. (1952) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.1702.139 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Psychological and psychiatric aspects of speech and hearing
Barbara, D. A. (1960) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A study of speech attitudes and adjustments
Knower, F. H. (1938) · Speech Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637753809374856 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Appraisal of danger and proximity in social phobics
Poulton, R., & Andrews, G. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90019-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Gradations in a Pattern of Neuromuscular Activity Associated With Stuttering
Denny, M., & Smith, A. (1992) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3506.1216 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The relationship between stutterers' cognitive and autonomic anxiety and therapy outcome
Kraaimaat, F., Janssen, P., & Brutten, G. J. (1988) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/0094-730x(88)90032-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Studies in the Psychology of Stuttering: XVIII. The Construction and Application of a Test of Attitude Toward Stuttering
Ammons, R. B., & Johnson, W. (1944) · Journal of Speech Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.0901.39 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Assessment of sensitivity to interpersonal stress in stutterers
Fitzgerald, H. E., Djurdjić, S., & Maguin, E. (1992) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(92)90012-l · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The gulf war: Distressful reactions to scud missiles attacks
Lobel, T. E., Gilat, I., & Endler, N. S. (1993) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809308249529 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The relationship between anxiety, fatigue and spontaneous recovery in stuttering
Gray, B. B., & Brutten, E. J. (1964) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(64)90029-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Influence of Stuttering on the Personality
Johnso, N. (1933) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-193311000-00045 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The personality structure of stuttering. By James F. Bender, Ph.D., C.P., Chairman, Department of: Speech, Queens College; Director of Information, American Speech Correction; Co‐Author of Speech Correction Manual; Principles and Practices of Speech Correction; Speech in College and Life; Phonetic Readings in American Speech. One hundred eighty‐nine pages with Index and 14 Tables. New York: Pitman Publishing Co., 2 West 45th street. 1939. Price $2.00
(1939) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1288/00005537-193907000-00008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Stuttering and Anxiety
Lovett, J. W. T. (1988) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.153.6.844 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The stutterer and stuttering: Personality correlates
Sermas, C. E., & Cox, M. D. (1982) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0094-730x(82)80007-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Exploring the attitudes of adults who stutter
Watson, J. B. (1995) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/0021-9924(95)00007-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Consistency of Stress Tolerance1
Stopol, M. S. (1954) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1954.tb02335.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
BEHAVIOUR ASSESSMENT AND THE STRATEGY OF THERAPY
Brutten, G. J. (1973) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110885859-002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Stuttering: studies in speech motor behavior
Peters, H. F. M. (1987) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The psychodynamics of stuttering
Barbara, D. A. (1982) · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

The Impact of Stuttering on the Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Craig, A., Blumgart, E., & Tran, Y. (2009) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.05.002 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder in adults who stutter
Blumgart, E., Tran, Y., & Craig, A. R. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20657 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Trait and social anxiety in adults with chronic stuttering: Conclusions following meta-analysis
Craig, A. R., & Tran, Y. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.001 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Relation of emotional reactivity and regulation to childhood stuttering
Karrass, J., Walden, T. A., Conture, E. G., Graham, C. G., Arnold, H. S., Hartfield, K. N., & Schwenk, K. A. (2006) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.12.004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Social anxiety in stuttering: measuring negative social expectancies
Messenger, M., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & Menzies, R. G. (2004) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.06.002 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Temperament dimensions in stuttering and typically developing children
Eggers, K., Nil, L. F. D., & den Bergh, B. R. H. V. (2010) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.10.004 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Stuttering in relation to anxiety, temperament, and personality: Review and analysis with focus on causality
Alm, P. A. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.004 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Social anxiety and the severity and typography of stuttering in adolescents
Mulcahy, K., Hennessey, N., Beilby, J., & Byrnes, M. (2008) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2008.12.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Anxiety and Stuttering: Continuing to Explore a Complex Relationship
Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., O’Brian, S., Packman, A., & Onslow, M. (2011) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0091 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Inhibitory control in childhood stuttering
Eggers, K., Nil, L. F. D., & den Bergh, B. R. H. V. (2012) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.10.001 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Anxiety of children and adolescents who stutter: A review
Smith, K. A., Iverach, L., O’Brian, S., Kefalianos, E., & Reilly, S. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.003 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Bullying in Adults Who Stutter: Social Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Self-Esteem, and Satisfaction with Life
Blood, G. W., & Blood, I. M. (2016) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.10.002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Fear of Speaking: Chronic Anxiety and Stammering
Craig, A., & Tran, Y. (2006) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.12.1.63 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Subjective distress associated with chronic stuttering
Tran, Y., Blumgart, E., & Craig, A. R. (2010) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.12.003 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Stuttering in adults: The acoustic startle response, temperamental traits, and biological factors
Alm, P. A., & Risberg, J. (2006) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.04.001 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Anxiety levels in adolescents who stutter
Blood, G. W., Blood, I. M., Maloney, K., Meyer, C., & Qualls, C. D. (2006) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.005 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Resilience and Stuttering: Factors That Protect People From the Adversity of Chronic Stuttering
Craig, A. R., Blumgart, E., & Tran, Y. (2011) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0304 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Acoustic characteristics of public speaking: Anxiety and practice effects
Goberman, A. M., Hughes, S. F., & Haydock, T. (2011) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2011.02.005 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Behavioural, emotional and social development of children who stutter
McAllister, J. (2016) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.09.003 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Anxiety in speakers who persist and recover from stuttering
Davis, S., Shisca, D., & Howell, P. (2006) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.003 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The Efficiency of Attentional Networks in Children Who Stutter
Eggers, K., Nil, L. F. D., & den Bergh, B. R. H. V. (2012) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0208 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
An investigation into the personal financial costs associated with stuttering
Blumgart, E., Tran, Y., & Craig, A. R. (2010) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.03.002 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs linked to social anxiety in stuttering: development of a measure
Clare, T. S., Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., Packman, A., Thompson, R. M., & Block, S. (2008) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/13682820802067529 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Language as a stressor in aphasia
Cahana-Amitay, D., Albert, M. L., Pyun, S., Westwood, A. J., Jenkins, T., Wolford, S. N., & Finley, M. (2011) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687038.2010.541469 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A Life-Time of Stuttering: How Emotional Reactions to Stuttering Impact Activities and Participation in Older People
Bricker-Katz, G., Lincoln, M., & McCabe, P. (2009) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280902738672 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The impact of threat and cognitive stress on speech motor control in people who stutter
Lieshout, P. H. H. M. V., Ben‐David, B. M., Lipski, M., & Namasivayam, A. K. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.02.003 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Fluency disorders and life quality: Subjective wellbeing vs. health-related quality of life
Cummins, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.05.009 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Psychometric Evaluation of Condition-Specific Instruments Used to Assess Health-Related Quality of Life, Attitudes, and Related Constructs in Stuttering
Franic, D. M., & Bothe, A. K. (2008) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2008/006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Subtyping stuttering II: Contributions from language and temperament
Seery, C. H., Watkins, R. V., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & Shigeto, A. (2007) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.07.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The role of psychological processes in estimates of stuttering severity
Manning, W. H., & Beck, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.08.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Early stuttering, temperament and anxiety: Two hypotheses
Kefalianos, E., Onslow, M., Block, S., Menzies, R. G., & Reilly, S. (2012) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.03.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents who stutter: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bernard, R., Hofslundsengen, H., & Frazier Norbury, C. (2022) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00236 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Further development and validation of the Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering (UTBAS) scales: relationship to anxiety and social phobia among adults who stutter
Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., Jones, M., O’Brian, S., Packman, A., & Onslow, M. (2010) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.3109/13682822.2010.495369 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Stuttering, Temperament, and Anxiety: Data From a Community Cohort Ages 2–4 Years
Kefalianos, E., Onslow, M., Ukoumunne, O. C., Block, S., & Reilly, S. (2014) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0069 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The epidemiology of stuttering: The need for reliable estimates of prevalence and anxiety levels over the lifespan
Craig, A. R., & Tran, Y. (2005) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/14417040500055060 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Anxiety and speaking in people who stutter: An investigation using the emotional Stroop task
Hennessey, N. W., Dourado, E., & Beilby, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.11.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Beyond cognitive deficit: the everyday lived experience of dyslexic students at university
Cameron, H. (2016) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2016.1152951 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Temperament, Executive Functioning, and Anxiety in School-Age Children Who Stutter
Rocha, M. S., Yaruss, J. S., & Rato, J. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02244 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Impact of cognitive behavioural play therapy on social anxiety among school children with stuttering deficit
Obiweluozo, P. E., Ede, M. O., Onwurah, C. N., Uzodinma, U. E., Dike, I. C., & Ejiofor, J. N. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000024350 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bernard, R., Hofslundsengen, H. C., & Norbury, C. (2022) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Role of Effortful Control in Stuttering Severity in Children: Replication Study
Kraft, S. J., Lowther, E., & Beilby, J. M. (2018) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0097 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Listener perceptions of stuttering, prolonged speech, and verbal avoidance behaviors
von Tiling, J. (2010) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.09.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Anxiety Measures and Salivary Cortisol Responses in Preschool Children Who Stutter
van der Merwe, B., Robb, M. P., Lewis, J. G., & Ormond, T. (2011) · Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders · doi:10.1044/cicsd_38_s_1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Traumatic brain injury in veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: Communication disorders stratified by severity of brain injury
Norman, R. S., Jaramillo, C. A., Amuan, M. E., Wells, M., Eapen, B. C., & Pugh, M. J. (2013) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2013.834380 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Discrimination and internalised feelings experienced by people who stutter in Jordan
Alqhazo, M. T., Blomgren, M., Roy, N., & Awwad, M. A. (2016) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2016.1209561 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Solution Focused Brief Therapy with Children Who Stutter
Nicholas, A. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.261 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Auditory Attentional Set-Shifting and Inhibition in Children Who Stutter
Eggers, K., & Jansson-Verkasalo, E. M. (2017) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0096 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Speech Situation Checklist–Revised: Investigation With Adults Who Do Not Stutter and Treatment-Seeking Adults Who Stutter
Vanryckeghem, M., Matthews, M., & Xu, P. (2017) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0170 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
An exploration of the mechanisms of change following an integrated group intervention for stuttering, as perceived by school-aged children who stutter (CWS)
Caughter, S., & Dunsmuir, S. (2016) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.10.003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Management of stuttering using cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness meditation
Gupta, A., Mongia, M., Vijay, A., & Sadhu, R. (2019) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_18_19 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fear of negative evaluation, trait anxiety, and judgment bias in adults who stutter
Brundage, S. B., Winters, K. L., & Beilby, J. M. (2017) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0129 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pilot Program Combining Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Stuttering Modification Therapy for Adults who Stutter: A Case Report.
Freud, D., Levy-Kardash, O., Glick, I., & Ezrati-Vinacour, R. (2020) · Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica · doi:10.1159/000501078 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Situational speaking anxiety in adults who stutter
Diehl, J., Robb, M. P., Lewis, J. G., & Ormond, T. (2018) · Speech Language and Hearing · doi:10.1080/2050571x.2018.1441782 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Phase I trial of a standalone internet social anxiety treatment for adolescents who stutter: iBroadway
Gunn, A., Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., O’Brian, S., Packman, A., Lowe, R., Helgadóttir, F. D., & Jones, M. (2019) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12496 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
MMPI-2/A ASSESSED PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES IN PEOPLE WHO DO, AND DO NOT, STUTTER
Treon, M., Dempster, L. V., & Blaesing, K. J. (2006) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2006.34.3.271 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-perceived competence and social acceptance of young children who stutter: Initial findings
Rodgers, N. H., & Zebrowski, P. M. (2016) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.08.004 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Acquired Stuttering in Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: The Role of Traumatic Brain Injury, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Medications
Norman, R. S., Jaramillo, C. A., Eapen, B. C., Amuan, M. E., & Pugh, M. J. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usy067 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness Training in the Treatment of Adults Who Stutter
Gupta, S. K., Yashodharakumar, G. Y., & H, V. H. (2016) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0303.010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Linguistic and emotional-valence characteristics of reading passages for clinical use and research
Ben‐David, B. M., Moral, M. I., Namasivayam, A. K., Erel, H., & Lieshout, P. H. H. M. V. (2016) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2016.06.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Resilience in people who stutter: Association with covert and overt characteristics of stuttering
Freud, D., & Amir, O. (2020) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105761 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The concentrations of bioelements in the hair samples of Jordanian children who stutter
Alqhazo, M. T., & Rashaid, A. B. (2018) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.045 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A model clarifying the role of mediators in the variability of mood states over time in people who stutter
Craig, A. R., Blumgart, E., & Tran, Y. (2015) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.03.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cognitive behaviour language therapy for speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents
Nnamani, A. P., Akabogu, J., Otu, M. S., Ukoha, E., Uloh-Bethels, A. C., Omile, J. C., Obiezu, M. N., Dike, A. E., Ike, C. V., & Iyekekpolor, O. M. (2019) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0300060519853387 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Rowley, D. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118702796.ch14 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Comments concerning Iverach, et al., Screening for personality disorders among adults seeking speech treatment for stuttering [J. Fluency Disorders 34 (2009) 173–186]
Manning, W., & Beck, J. G. (2010) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2010.09.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Testosterone levels of children with a diagnosis of developmental stuttering
Selçuk, E. B., Erbay, L. G., Özcan, Ö., Kartalcı, Ş., & Batçıoğlu, K. (2015) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s83129 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Stammering Information Programme: A Delphi study
Berquez, A., Cook, F. M., Millard, S. K., & Jarvis, E. (2011) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.02.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Behavior Assessment Battery: A Pilot Study of the Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Correlates Surrounding Spasmodic Dysphonia
Vanryckeghem, M., Ruddy, B. H., & Lehman, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.03.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Inquiry based stress reduction (Ibsr) improves overall stuttering experience among adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial
Feldman, O., Goldstien, E., Rolnik, B., Ganz, A. B., & Lev-Ari, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10102187 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Some of the psychological adverse symptoms associated with stuttering are manifested by high levels of chronic anxiety, particularly social anxiety [3,7,8].”
Background
Factors Associated With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Children Who Stutter
Bernard, R., & Norbury, C. (2023) · Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools · doi:10.1044/2022_lshss-22-00086 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Association Between Stuttering Burden and Psychosocial Aspects of Life in Adults
Engelen, M. M., Franken, M.-C. J. P., Stipdonk, L. W., Horton, S. E., Jackson, V. E., Reilly, S., Morgan, A. T., Fisher, S. E., van Dulmen, S., & Eising, E. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00562 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Temptations of fluency and dilemmas of self definition: Stutterers' usage and avoidance of new media technologies
Rosenberg, H., & Kohn, A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mood state sub-types in adults who stutter: A prospective study
Tran, Y., Blumgart, E., & Craig, A. R. (2017) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.10.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Major controversies in Fluency Disorders: Clarifying the relationship between anxiety and stuttering
Craig, A. R. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.05.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of Stuttering on Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter
Kasbi, F., Mokhlesin, M., Maddah, M., Noruzi, R., Monshizadeh, L., & Mir Mohammad Khani, M. (2015) · Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health · doi:10.17795/mejrh-25314 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing social anxiety associated with stuttering: the role of outcome expectancy, therapeutic alliance, presence and social presence
Chard, I., Zalk, N. V., & Picinali, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1159549 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Autonomic nervous system imbalance in young adults with developmental
Doruk, A., Türkbay, T., Yelboğa, Z., Çiyiltepe, M., İyisoy, A., Sütçigil, L., & Özşahin, A. (2008) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Influence of Stuttering Severity on Acoustic Startle Responses
Ellis, J. B., Finan, D. S., & Ramig, P. R. (2008) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/061 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Pilot Study of the Psychological Impact of the Mindfulness-Based Stress-Reduction Program On People Who Stutter
de Veer, S., Brouwers, A. H., Evers, W. J. G., & Tomic, W. (2009) · DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-esteem and anxiety in stuttering children and attitude of their parents
Chérif, L., Boudabous, J., Khmakhem, K., Kammoun, S., Kacem, I., Ayadi, H., & Moalla, Y. (2018) · Health Education and Care · doi:10.15761/hec.1000138 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Examining the Effects of Stuttering and Social Anxiety on Interpretations of Ambiguous Social Scenarios Among Adolescents
Rodgers, N. H., Lau, J. Y. F., & Zebrowski, P. M. (2021) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106179 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effortful control and adaptive functioning in school-age children who stutter
Hollister, J., Zebrowski, P. M., Horne, A. O. V., McGregor, K., Vispoel, W., & Walden, T. A. (2015) · doi:10.17077/etd.1z9h6ynb · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stuttering severity and social anxiety among adults who stutter: A multilevel analysis
Lei, X., Nguyen‐Feng, V. N., & Sasisekaran, J. (2024) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106088 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Personality Dimensions of Speech-Language Pathologists Who Work With Clients Who Stutter
Freud, D., Zukerman, G., & Icht, M. (2019) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1525740119886538 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Life partners’ perceptions of the emotional, speech disruptive, and attitudinal correlates of stuttering
Svenning, A., Panzarino, R. W., Vanryckeghem, M., & Vestner, T. (2020) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105821 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anxiety, Social Phobia, Depression, and Suicide among People Who Stutter; A Review Study
Rezaeian, M., Akbari, M., Shirpoor, A. H., moghadasi, Z., zadeh, N. C., Nikdel, Z., & Hejri, M. (2020) · Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.29252/johe.9.2.98 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Comparison of Stuttering Severity and Anxiety During Standard and Challenge Phone Calls
O’Brian, S., Onslow, M., Jones, M., Lowe, R., Packman, A., & Menzies, R. G. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00365 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
How the Brunswikian Lens Model Illustrates the Relationship Between Physiological and Behavioral Signals and Psychological Emotional and Cognitive States
Burgoon, J. K., Wang, R. X., Chen, X., Ge, T. S., & Dorn, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781487 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Communication-Related and General Locus of Causality of Male Adults Who Stutter
Shin, M., & Lee, K. (2013) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.14130 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
O que fonoaudiólogos e estudantes de fonoaudiologia entendem por fluência e disfluência
de Oliveira, A. M. D. C. C., Ribeiro, I. M., Merlo, S., & Chiappetta, A. L. D. M. L. (2007) · Revista CEFAC · doi:10.1590/s1516-18462007000100006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yoga
Kauffman, H. (2016) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512516628987 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Communication Attitude Test for Adults who Stutter (BigCAT): A Test- Retest Reliability Investigation among Adults who do and do not Stutter
Vanryckeghem, M., & Muir, M. (2016) · Journal of Speech Pathology & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2472-5005.1000110 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Evaluation of disfluent speech by means of automatic acoustic measurements
Lustyk, T., Bergl, P., & Čmejla, R. (2014) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4863646 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Memory for vocal tempo and pitch
Boltz, M. G. (2017) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1298808 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Izazovi i perspektive svakodnevnog života iz iskustva žena koje mucaju
Krhen, A. L., Babić, M. M., & Horovskij, M. (2021) · Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja · doi:10.31299/hrri.57.1.5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Weak Vestibular Response in Persistent Developmental Stuttering
Gattie, M., Lieven, E., & Kluk, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2021.662127 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The sound of uncertainty: Examining managerial acoustic uncertainty in conference calls
la Parra, D. D., & Gallemore, J. (2026) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101914 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Using Subjective Well-being Homeostasis to Understand the Personal Impact of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Cummins, R. (2018) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-017-0039-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Age-related changes in word retrieval vary by self-reported anxiety but not depression symptoms
Shafto, M. A., James, L. E., Abrams, L., & Cam-Can (2018) · Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2018.1527284 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Comparison of the anxiety levels of teacher candidates during actual and 360° video virtual reality presentations
Atal, D., & KIZILIŞIKOĞLU, G. (2022) · Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning · doi:10.31681/jetol.1164117 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

A comparative investigation of the laryngeal premotor, adjustment, and reaction times of stutterers and nonstutterers
(1989) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/0165-5876(89)90074-8
Maternal expectations of infant temperament: Associated factors in pregnancy
Chazan, R. Z., & Carter, A. S. (1996) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90441-5
An Investigation into the Relationship Between Anxiety and Stuttering
Craig, A. R. (1990) · Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders · doi:10.1044/jshd.5502.290 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Beliefs about Stuttering and Anxiety: Research and Clinical Implications
Lincoln, M., Onslow, M., & Menzies, R. G. (1996) · Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders · doi:10.3109/asl2.1996.24.issue-1.01 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stuttering, neuroticism and extraversion
Hegdi, M. N. (1972) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(72)90062-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Authors: Ezrati-Vinacour, R., & Levin, I.
Affiliations: Sheba Medical Center (IL)
Tel Aviv University (IL)
Corresponding author: Ezrati-Vinacour, Ruth
ORCID: Levin, Iris
Venue: Journal of Fluency Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 2
Pages: 135-148
ISSN: 0094-730X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2004.02.003
OpenAlex: W2027429995
Cited by: 193
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 5.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Fluency Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
Keywords: stuttering, anxiety, trait anxiety, state anxiety, stuttering severity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Speech Production Measurement, Stuttering, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Relationship between Anxiety and Stuttering: A Multidimensional Approach

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks