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Cited by 126Stuttering Research and TreatmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesLanguage Development and Disorders

Anxiety of children and adolescents who stutter: A review

Smith, Kylie A., Iverach, Lisa, O’Brian, Susan, Kefalianos, Elaina, Reilly, Sheena·2014·Journal of Fluency Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.003
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Abstract

Purpose Adults who stutter have heightened rates of anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety disorder, compared with non-stuttering controls. However, the timing of anxiety onset and its development in relation to stuttering is poorly understood. Identifying the typical age of anxiety onset in stuttering has significant clinical implications and is crucial for the management of both disorders across the lifespan. The present review aims to determine the scope of the research pertaining to this topic, identify trends in findings, and delineate timing of anxiety onset in stuttering.Methods We examine putative risk factors of anxiety present for children and adolescents who stutter, and provide a review of the research evidence relating to anxiety for this population.Results Young people who stutter can experience negative social consequences and negative attitudes towards communication, which is hypothesised to place them at increased risk of developing anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety of young people who stutter, and the timing of anxiety onset in stuttering could not be determined. This was due to methodological limitations in the reviewed research such as small participant numbers, and the use of measures that lack sensitivity to identify anxiety in the targeted population.Conclusions In sum, the evidence suggests that anxiety in stuttering might increase over time until it exceeds normal limits in adolescence and adulthood. The clinical implications of these findings, and recommendations for future research, are discussed.Educational objectives The reader will be able to: (a) discuss contemporary thinking on the role of anxiety in stuttering and reasons for this view; (b) describe risk factors for the development of anxiety in stuttering, experienced by children and adolescents who stutter (c) outline trends in current research on anxiety and children and adolescents with stuttering; and (d) summarise rationales behind recommendations for future research in this area.

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Authors
Smith, K. A., Iverach, L., O’Brian, S., Kefalianos, E., & Reilly, S.
Affiliations
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Macquarie University (AU)
Corresponding author
Smith, Kylie A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Fluency Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-06
Volume
40
Pages
22-34
ISSN
0094-730X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.003
OpenAlex
W2029012041
Cited by
126
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4
FWCI
1.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Fluency Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (1052216, 1041892)
  • Australian Research Council (1041947, 0984833)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
stuttering, anxiety, children, adolescents, social anxiety disorder, risk factors, attitudes toward communication, anxiety prevalence, comorbidities
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Communication, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Phobic Disorders, Risk Factors, Stuttering

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