Biochar properties and lead(II) adsorption capacity depend on feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and steam activation
Abstract
Biochar is a promising material for facilitating the reclamation of oil sands process water (OSPW); however, how biochar properties can be optimized for metal removal from OSPW is not well studied. This study was conducted to determine relationships among feedstock type, pyrolysis condition, biochar property, and lead(II) adsorption capacity to demonstrate the potential use of biochar for metal removal from a synthetic OSPW. Sawdust, canola and wheat straw, and manure pellet were pyrolyzed at 300, 500, and 700 °C, with or without steam activation. Increasing pyrolysis temperature increased, with a few exceptions, biochar pH, surface area, and carbon content, but decreased hydrogen and oxygen contents and surface functional groups. Steam activation increased surface area but did not affect other properties. For non-steam-activated biochars, canola and wheat straw biochars produced at 700 °C had the highest lead(II) adsorption capacity (Q max_Pb), at 108 and 109 mg g-1, respectively. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature increased Q max_Pb due to increased biochar pH, ash content, and surface area by increasing precipitation, ion exchange, and inner-sphere complexation of lead(II). Steam activation increased lead(II) adsorption capacity for most biochars mainly due to the increased surface area, with the highest Q max_Pb at 195 mg g-1 for canola straw biochar pyrolyzed at 700 °C with steam activation. The adsorption with time followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The results of this study will help select most effective biochars that can be produced from locally available agricultural or forestry byproducts that are optimized for metal removal from synthetic OSPW.
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Pb(II) sorption capacity of rapeseed straw biochar was 195 mg/g at 700°C, nearly 2 times compared with wheat straw-based and non-steam activated canola biochars with 109 and 108 mg/g.
“The Pb(II) sorption capacity of rapeseed straw biochar was 195mg · g -1 at 700°C, nearly 2 times compared with the uptake of wheat straw-based and non-steam activated canola biochars with 109mg · g -1 and 108mg · g -1 , respectively (Kwak et al. 2019).”
From Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals (2022) · cites this paper as Kwak et al. 2019
Steam activation increased Pb(II) sorption capacity of most biochars, mainly due to increase in surface area.
“It was found that steam activation increased Pb(II) sorption capacity of most biochars, mainly due to the increase in surface area.”
From Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals (2022) · cites this paper as Kwak et al. 2019
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kwak, J.-H., Islam, M. S., Wang, S., Messele, S. A., Naeth, M. A., El-Din, M. G., & Chang, S. X.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Scott X.
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 231
- Pages
- 393-404
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2945650443
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 12.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- China Scholarship Council
- Canada First Research Excellence Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
- Keywords
- biochar, lead adsorption, oil sands process-affected water, pyrolysis temperature, steam activation, feedstock type, sawdust, canola straw, wheat straw, metal removal, pseudo-second-order kinetics, surface area, ion exchange, inner-sphere complexation, agricultural by-products
- MeSH terms
- Pyrolysis, Adsorption, Agriculture, Carbon, Charcoal, Lead, Manure, Models, Chemical, Steam, Temperature, Triticum, Wood, Oil and Gas Fields
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