Biochar-induced reduction of N2O emission from East Asian soils under aerobic conditions: Review and data analysis
Open accessAbstract
Global meta-analyses showed that biochar application can reduce N2O emission. However, no relevant review study is available for East Asian countries which are responsible for 70% of gaseous N losses from croplands globally. This review analyzed data of the biochar-induced N2O mitigation affected by experimental conditions, including experimental types, biochar types and application rates, soil properties, and chemical forms and application rates of N fertilizer for East Asian countries. The magnitude of biochar-induced N2O mitigation was evaluated by calculating N2O reduction index (Rindex, percentage reduction of N2O by biochar relative to control). The Rindex was further standardized against biochar application rate by calculating Rindex per unit of biochar application rate (ton ha−1) (Unit Rindex). The Rindex averaged across different experimental types (n = 196) was −21.1 ± 2.4%. Incubation and pot experiments showed greater Rindex than column and field experiments due to higher biochar application rate and shorter experiment duration. Feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature also affected Rindex; either bamboo feedstock or pyrolysis at > 400 °C resulted in a greater Rindex. The magnitude of Rindex also increased with increasing biochar rate. Soil properties did not affect Rindex when evaluated across all experimental types, but there was an indication that biochar decreased N2O emission more at a lower soil moisture level in field experiments. The magnitude of Rindex increased with increasing N fertilizer rate up to 500–600 kg N ha−1, but it decreased thereafter. The Unit Rindex averaged across experimental types was −1.2 ± 0.9%, and it was rarely affected by experimental type and conditions but diminished with increasing biochar rate. Our results highlight that since N2O mitigation by biochar is affected by biochar application rate, Rindex needs to be carefully evaluated by standardizing against biochar application rate to suggest the best conditions for biochar usage in East Asia.
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Ammonium nitrate (reduction 32.3%) is better than urea (22.7%) and ammonium sulfate (15.2%) to assist biochar's N2O emission mitigation.
“Ammonium nitrate (reduction 32.3%) is better than urea (22.7%) and ammonium sulfate (15.2%) to assist biochar's N 2 O emission mitigation (Lee et al. 2021).”
From Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality (2023) · cites this paper as Lee et al. 2021
A moderate N fertilizer application rate of 500 ~ 600 kg/ha is favorable for N2O emission mitigation, whereas higher application rate beyond this value leads to reduced mitigation potential.
“Lee et al. (2021) found that a moderate N fertilizer application rate of 500 ~ 600 kg/ha is favorable for N 2 O emission mitigation, whereas higher application rate beyond this value leads to reduced mitigation potential.”
From Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality (2023) · cites this paper as Lee et al. 2021
A high pyrolysis temperature over 400 °C is favorable for N2O emission mitigation.
“A high pyrolysis temperature over 400 °C is also favorable for N 2 O emission mitigation (Lee et al. 2021).”
From Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality (2023) · cites this paper as Lee et al. 2021
Biochar application to East Asian soils had the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions by 21.1%.
“From a regional perspective, Lee et al. (2021) suggested that biochar application to East Asian soils had the potential to mitigate soil N 2 O emissions by 21.1%.”
From Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality (2023) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2021)
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- Authors
- Lee, S.-I., Park, H.-J., Jeong, Y.-J., Seo, B.-S., Kwak, J.-H., Yang, H. I., Xu, X., Tang, S., Cheng, W., Lim, S.-S., & Choi, W.-J.
- Affiliations
- Rural Development Administration (KR)
- Chonnam National University (KR)
- Jeonbuk National University (KR)
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (DE)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Hainan University (CN)
- Yamagata University (JP)
- CJ CheilJedang (South Korea) (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Choi, Woo-Jung
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 291
- Pages
- 118154
- ISSN
- 0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3199804230
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Ministry of Education, Kenya
- Rural Development Administration (PJ01261403)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Keywords
- biochar, nitrous oxide emissions, nitrous oxide reduction, biochar application rate, pyrolysis temperature, nitrogen application rate, soil moisture, aerobic conditions
- MeSH terms
- Data Analysis, Charcoal, Nitrous Oxide, Soil
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