A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates
Open accessAbstract
The neuronal composition of the insula in primates displays a gradient, transitioning from granular neocortex in the posterior-dorsal insula to agranular neocortex in the anterior-ventral insula with an intermediate zone of dysgranularity. Additionally, apes and humans exhibit a distinctive subdomain in the agranular insula, the frontoinsular cortex (FI), defined by the presence of clusters of von Economo neurons (VENs). Studies in humans indicate that the ventral anterior insula, including agranular insular cortex and FI, is involved in social awareness, and that the posterodorsal insula, including granular and dysgranular cortices, produces an internal representation of the body’s homeostatic state.We examined the volumes of these cytoarchitectural areas of insular cortex in 30 primate species, including the volume of FI in apes and humans. Results indicate that the whole insula scales hyperallometrically (exponent=1.13) relative to total brain mass, and the agranular insula (including FI) scales against total brain mass with even greater positive allometry (exponent=1.23), providing a potential neural basis for enhancement of social cognition in association with increased brain size. The relative volumes of the subdivisions of the insular cortex, after controlling for total brain volume, are not correlated with species typical social group size. Although its size is predicted by primate-wide allometric scaling patterns, we found that the absolute volume of the left and right agranular insula and left FI are among the most differentially expanded of the human cerebral cortex compared to our closest living relative, the chimpanzee.
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Cites
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“This finding appears consistent with evidence from fMRI indicating that the spatial extent of neural activation in the right insula of humans is greater than the activation in the left insula during tasks of interoceptive attention (Critchley et al., 2004).”
InfluentialInteroception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
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“Specifically, the posterior insula displays activation in the processing of thermosensory information, pain, hunger, thirst, and touch in a somatotopically organized posterior-to-anterior (foot to mouth) gradient (Ostrowsky et al., 2002; Craig, 2003, 2010).”
Self-citationEmpathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others
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Self-citationVon Economo neurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of humans
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- Authors
- Bauernfeind, A. L., de Sousa, A. A., Avasthi, T., Dobson, S. D., Raghanti, M. A., Lewandowski, A. H., Zilles, K., Semendeferi, K., Allman, J. M., Craig, A. D. (., Hof, P. R., & Sherwood, C. C.
- Affiliations
- George Washington University (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Kent State University (US)
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (US)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Barrow Neurological Institute (US)
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bauernfeind, Amy L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Human Evolution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 263-279
- ISSN
- 0047-2484 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3756831
- OpenAlex
- W2087107540
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 20.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Human Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Research Space (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (BCS-0549117, BCS-0824531, DGE-0801634)
- National Institutes of Health (NS-42867, RR-00165)
- James S. McDonnell Foundation (220020293, 22002078)
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- insula, frontoinsular cortex, von Economo neurons, allometric scaling, brain volume, primate brain evolution, social cognition, social group size, chimpanzees, human brain, cytoarchitecture, hemispheric lateralization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Male, Primates, Social Behavior, Species Specificity
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