Selective reduction of Von Economo neuron number in agenesis of the corpus callosum
Abstract
Von Economo neurons (VENs) are large spindle-shaped neurons localized to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and fronto-insular cortex (FI). VENs appear late in development in humans, are a recent phylogenetic specialization, and are selectively destroyed in frontotemporal dementia, a disease which profoundly disrupts social functioning and self-awareness. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital disorder that can have significant effects on social and emotional behaviors, including alexithymia, difficulty intuiting the emotional states of others, and deficits in self- and social-awareness that can impair humor, comprehension of non-literal or affective language, and social judgment. To test the hypothesis that VEN number is selectively reduced in AgCC, we used stereology to obtain unbiased estimates of total neuron number and VEN number in postmortem brain specimens of four normal adult controls, two adults with isolated callosal dysgenesis, and one adult whose corpus callosum and ACC were severely atrophied due to a non-fatal cerebral arterial infarction. The partial agenesis case had approximately half as many VENs as did the four normal controls, both in ACC and FI. In the complete agenesis case the VENs were almost entirely absent. The percentage of neurons in FI that are VENs was reduced in callosal agenesis, but was actually slightly above normal in the stroke patient. These results indicate that the VEN population is selectively reduced in AgCC, but that the…
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Deficit in emotional awareness (alexithymia) is commonly seen in conditions associated with neuropathological degeneration of VENs and functional deficits of AIC, such as bvFTD, callosal agenesis, and autism.
“Deficit in emotional awareness, termed as alexithymia (Taylor, 2000), is commonly seen in conditions associated with neuropathological degeneration of the VENs and functional deficits of the AIC, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (Seeley et al., 2006; Seeley, 2010; Kim et al., 2012), callosal agenesis (Kaufman et al., 2008), and autism (Santos et al., 2011; Butti et al., 2013).”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Kaufman et al., 2008
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Self-citationVon Economo Neurons – Primate-Specific or Commonplace in the Mammalian Brain?
Banovac, I., Sedmak, D., Judáš, M., & Petanjek, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.714611 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Corpus callosum agenesis and rehabilitative treatment
Chiappedi, M. A., & Bejor, M. (2010) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-36-64 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Learning and memory in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum
Paul, L. K., Erickson, R. L., Hartman, J. A., & Brown, W. S. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationVerbal learning and memory in agenesis of the corpus callosum
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Self-citationBanovac, I., Sedmak, D., Džaja, D., Jalšovec, D., Milošević, N. J., Rašin, M. R., & Petanjek, Z. (2019) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13068 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Emotional Intelligence in Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Anderson, L. B., Paul, L. K., & Brown, W. S. (2017) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acx001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrastructural Alterations of Von Economo Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia
Krause, M., Theiß, C., & Brüne, M. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23635 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Inflammatory neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID-19 neuroinflammation
Tang, S. W., Helmeste, D. M., & Leonard, B. E. (2021) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2021.13 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Self-citationIssa, H. A., Staes, N., Diggs-Galligan, S., Stimpson, C. D., Gendron‐Fitzpatrick, A., Taglialatela, J. P., Hof, P. R., Hopkins, W. D., & Sherwood, C. C. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1751-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationBruton, O. J. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2021.101540 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Alexithymia and somatization in agenesis of the corpus callosum
Paul, L. K., Pazienza, S., & Brown, W. S. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab056 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationGaus, R., Popal, M., Heinsen, H., Schmitt, A., Falkai, P., Hof, P. R., Schmitz, C., & Vollhardt, A. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01513-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationButler, D. L., & Suddendorf, T. (2014) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0559-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Neuroscience and Human Brain Evolution
Reyes, L. D., & Sherwood, C. C. (2014) · Springer series in bio-/neuroinformatics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08500-5_2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Von Economo neurons: Cellular specialization of human limbic cortices?
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Jacot-Descombes, S., Keshav, N. U., Brosch, C. M. S., Wicinski, B. A., Warda, T., Norcliffe‐Kaufmann, L., Kaufmann, H., Varghese, M., & Hof, P. R. (2020) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlaa095 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolutionary Specializations of Human Brain Microstructure
Sherwood, C. C., Bauernfeind, A. L., Verendeev, A., Raghanti, M. A., & Hof, P. R. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804042-3.00127-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationComplete Corpus Callosum Agenesis: Can It Be Mild?
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Self-citationComparative Structure of the Cerebral Cortex in Large Mammals
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Self-citationDiscrete Cortical Neuropathology in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Self-citationIntegration Between Cerebral Hemispheres Contributes to Defense Mechanisms
Paradiso, S., Brown, W. S., Porcerelli, J. H., Tranel, D., Adolphs, R., & Paul, L. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01534 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationAvian Cognition and Consciousness—From the Perspective of Neuroscience and Behaviour
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Role of the Insular Cortex in Emotional Awareness
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Orekhova, K., Gerussi, T., Sacchini, S., Patzke, N., Maloney, B., Graïc, J., & Hof, P. R. (2025) · Evolution of Nervous Systems · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00051-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAn atlas of primate insular cortex reveals a signal-processing strategy in von Economo neurons
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Development and Developmental Disorders of the Cerebral Cortex
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A Stereologic Perspective on Autism Neuropathology
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Self-citationMorphological alterations in frontotemporal dementia:
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Confabulation in Individuals with Disorders of the Corpus Callosum: Educational Implications
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A Review of known properties of von Economo Neurons (VENs)
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Role of von Economo and fork neurons in the evolution of vocal learning
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- Authors
- Kaufman, J. A., Paul, L. K., Manaye, K. F., Granstedt, A. E., Hof, P. R., Hakeem, A. Y., & Allman, J. M.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Howard University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Allman, John M.
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 2008-09-25
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 479-489
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- OpenAlex
- W2105143748
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- von Economo neurons, agenesis of the corpus callosum, callosal dysgenesis, neuron number, anterior cingulate cortex, alexithymia, stereology, postmortem brain
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cell Count, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Callosum, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Postmortem Changes, Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
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