von Economo neurons in autism: A stereologic study of the frontoinsular cortex in children
Abstract
The presence of von Economo neurons (VENs) in the frontoinsular cortex (FI) has been linked to a possible role in the integration of bodily feelings, emotional regulation, and goal-directed behaviors. They have also been implicated in fast intuitive evaluation of complex social situations. Several studies reported a decreased number of VENs in neuropsychiatric diseases in which the "embodied" dimension of social cognition is markedly affected. Neuropathological analyses of VENs in patients with autism are few and did not report alterations in VEN numbers. In this study we re-evaluated the possible presence of changes in VEN numbers and their relationship with the diagnosis of autism. Using a stereologic approach we quantified VENs and pyramidal neurons in layer V of FI in postmortem brains of four young patients with autism and three comparably aged controls. We also investigated possible autism-related differences in FI layer V volume. Patients with autism consistently had a significantly higher ratio of VENs to pyramidal neurons (p=0.020) than control subjects. This result may reflect the presence of neuronal overgrowth in young patients with autism and may also be related to alterations in migration, cortical lamination, and apoptosis. Higher numbers of VENs in the FI of patients with autism may also underlie a heightened interoception, described in some clinical observations.
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Young ASD males have ~53% more von Economo neurons in frontoinsular cortex than controls.
“Young ASD males have ~53% more von Economo neurons in frontoinsular cortex than controls [41].”
From The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Santos, M., Uppal, N., Butti, C., Wicinski, B., Schmeidler, J., Giannakopoulos, P., Heinsen, H., Schmitz, C., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Anatomische Anstalt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hof, Patrick R.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 1380
- Pages
- 206-217
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066612174
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (AS6288)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- von Economo neurons, autism spectrum disorder, frontoinsular cortex, pyramidal neurons, layer V, interoception, social cognition, cortical lamination, neuronal migration, apoptosis, postmortem brain
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Cell Count, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Neurons, Pyramidal Cells, Cell Shape
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