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Cited by 32Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionSchizophrenia research and treatmentChild Abuse and Trauma

Bullying and psychosis: The impact of chronic traumatic stress on psychosis risk in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome—A uniquely vulnerable population

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Mayo, Danessa, Bolden, Khalima A., Simon, Tony J., Niendam, Tara A.·2019·Journal of Psychiatric Research
DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.011PMC PMC6564673
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Abstract

Bullying is an adverse childhood experience that is more common among youth with special needs and is associated with increased psychopathology throughout the lifespan. Individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q) represent one group of special needs youth who are at increased risk for bullying due to co-occurring genetically-mediated developmental, physical, and learning difficulties. Furthermore, individuals with 22q are at increased risk for developing psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the impact of bullying on individuals with 22q and the possible impact this has on risk for psychosis in this population. To explore this relationship using existing research the goals of the review are: (i) to explore the nature of bullying among youth with special needs, and (ii) to discuss its potential role as a specific risk factor in the development of adverse outcomes, including psychosis symptoms. We reviewed the relationship between bullying and its short and long-term effects on the cognitive, social, and developmental functioning of typically developing individuals and those with special needs. We propose an interactive relationship between trauma, stress, and increased psychosis risk among youth with 22q with a history of bullying. The early childhood experience of trauma in the form of bullying promotes an altered developmental trajectory that may elevate the risk for maladaptive functioning and subsequent psychotic disorders, particularly in youth with genetic vulnerabilities. Therefore, we conclude the experience of bullying among individuals with 22q should be more closely examined.

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  • General distress experienced early in life, such as through childhood trauma, bullying victimization, or unsupportive family environments, is a key vulnerability factor linked to future psychotic experiences.

    “One key vulnerability factor is general distress experienced early in life, for instance through childhood trauma, bullying victimization, or unsupportive family environments, all of which have been linked to future psychotic experiences (Carol & Mittal, 2015; Catone et al., 2015; Mayo et al., 2019; Wigman et al., 2012).”

    From Narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review and developmental model (2021) · cites this paper as Mayo et al., 2019

    The “Bullying and psychosis risk” and “Early and chronic stress” sections link childhood trauma and bullying victimization to later psychosis symptoms. The “Social cognition and functioning” section suggests that parental support may affect psychosis risk, but discusses this specifically for youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and frames it as a possibility, not an established general link between unsupportive family environments and future psychotic experiences. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Cook CR, Williams KR, Guerra NG, Kim T, 2009 Variability in the prevalence of bullying and victimization In: Jimerson SR, Swearer SM, Espelage DL (Eds.), Handbook of Bullying in Schools: an International Perspective Routledge, New York, pp. 347– 362.
  2. Olweus D, 2001 Peer harassment: a critical analysis and some important issues In: Juvonen J, Graham S (Eds.), Peer Harassment in School. Guilford Publications, New York, pp. 3– 20.
  3. Vaillancourt T, McDougall P, Hymel S, Sunderani S, 2009 The relationship between power and bullying behavior In: Jimerson SR, Swearer SM, Espelage DL (Eds.), Handbook of Bullying in Schools: an International Perspective Routledge, New York, pp. 211– 222.

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Authors
Mayo, D., Bolden, K. A., Simon, T. J., & Niendam, T. A.
Affiliations
  • University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Bolden, Khalima A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-07
Volume
114
Pages
99-104
ISSN
0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.011
PMC
PMC6564673
OpenAlex
W2938624609
Cited by
32
References
84
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
NIH (#3R01MH107108)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
bullying, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, psychosis risk, adverse childhood experiences, schizophrenia, youth with special needs, developmental trajectories, genetic susceptibility
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, 22q11 Deletion Syndrome, Bullying

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