Mood disorders and Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome: an update on prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, clinical associations, and implications.
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) consists of multiple motor tics and one or more phonic tics. Psychopathology occurs in approximately 90% of GTS patients, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) being common. Depression is common, with a lifetime risk of 10% and a prevalence of between 1.8% and 8.9%. Depression and depressive symptoms are found to occur in 13% and 76% of GTS patients attending specialist clinics, respectively. In controlled studies embracing over 700 GTS patients, the patients were significantly more depressed than controls in all but one instance. In community and epidemiological studies, depression in GTS individuals was evident in two of five investigations. Clinical correlates of depression in people with GTS appear to be: tic severity and duration, the presence of echophenomena and coprophenomena, premonitory sensations, sleep disturbances, obsessive-compulsive behaviors/OCD, self-injurious behaviors, aggression, conduct disorder (CD) in childhood, and, possibly, ADHD. Depression in people with GTS has been shown to result in a lower quality of life, potentially leading to hospitalization and suicide. The etiology of depression appears to be multifactorial. Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and GTS may be related in some individuals. However, it is noted that sample sizes in most of these studies were small, and it is unclear at the present time as to why BAD may be overrepresented among GTS patients.
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76% of patients with TS experience depression-related symptoms.
“76% of patients with TS experience depression-related symptoms (6).”
From How do children with Tourette’s syndrome and their caregivers live with the disorder? A systematic review of qualitative evidence (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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“In addition, 88% of patients with TS have comorbidities (6).”
Background
- Authors
- Robertson, M. M.
- Affiliations
- St George's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Robertson, Mary May
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-358
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2093505310
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- Tourette syndrome, depression, mood disorders, comorbidities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, tic severity, sleep disorders, quality of life, suicide risk, conduct disorder, etiology of depression
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Major Depressive Disorder, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phenotype, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Mood Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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