Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies
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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health outcomes. METHODS: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance. We graded the evidence from convincing (Class I) to weak (Class IV). RESULTS: ). No outcome presented convincing evidence. Three associations showed Class II evidence (i.e., highly suggestive): (1) higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population (n = 34 studies; sample size = 1,855,817; relative risk = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67-0.78), (2) cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations (n = 15 studies; relative risk = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.91), and (3) incidence of disability (n = 7 studies; relative risk = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.66-0.87). CONCLUSION: The present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as disability. To further inform intervention strategies, future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes.
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Handgrip strength is a useful indicator of general health status and, specifically, of early mortality from any cardiovascular cause, as well as disability.
“HGS is a useful indicator of general health status and, specifically, of early mortality from any cardiovascular cause, as well as disability [110,111].”
From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Soysal, P., Hurst, C., Demurtas, J., Firth, J., Howden, R., Yang, L., Tully, M. A., Koyanagi, A., Ilie, P. C., López-Sánchez, G. F., Schwingshackl, L., Veronese, N., & Smith, L.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- National Research Council (IT)
- Anglia Ruskin University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Veronese, Nicola
- Smith, Lee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 290-295
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC8167328
- OpenAlex
- W3026843787
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University) (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS UniPA (University of Palermo) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- grip strength, health outcomes, mortality, cardiovascular mortality, disability, evidence quality grading, prediction intervals, small-study effects, heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Walking Speed, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Postural Balance, Health Status, Hospitalization, Humans, Locomotion, Probability, Risk, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias, Sample Size, Hand Strength, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Observational Studies as Topic
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