Physical activity and exercise within the context of obesity treatment: Enhancing health beyond weight loss
Open accessAbstract
• Excess weight and adiposity that results in overweight or obesity is associated with significant negative health consequences. • Physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone, which can include of fitness, physical function, and enhanced cardiometabolic, brain, cognitive, and psychological health. • While there are independent effects of physical activity on health, some of these benefits are enhanced when physical activity reduces body weight or enhances body composition, and therefore assessing for these effects is of importance. • Physical activity programming for adults with overweight or obesity should be designed by appropriately trained exercise professionals and be progressive, individually tailored to the person, and initially designed to target mobility, physical function, and other health benefits. Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions. This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health. Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved, with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone. These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic, brain, cognitive and psychological health, and others. Moreover, in adults with overweight or obesity, physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical function, and mobility. There are also benefits to body composition, with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss. Therefore, physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone. However, physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective, and should support a focus on mobility, physical function, and other health outcomes.
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Exercise effectively ameliorates obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and reduces cardiovascular risk.
“exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, has been proven to effectively ameliorate obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and reduce cardiovascular risk [3,4,5].”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
The 'Physical activity and cardiometabolic health' section reports improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and an association between higher physical activity and lower cardiovascular disease risk in adults with obesity. However, it describes the disease-risk finding as an association, not proof that exercise causes the reduction. The 'Glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity' section also reports that some metabolic measures did not improve with exercise in participants with obesity, so the claim is more categorical than the source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Zhou, Q., Zhu, W., Cai, X., Jing, J., Wang, M., Wang, S., Jin, A., Meng, X., Wei, T., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · Stroke and Vascular Neurology · doi:10.1136/svn-2023-003045 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Critical Role of Lifestyle With the Use of Contemporary Obesity Management Medications
Rogers, R. J., Hosking, M., Burridge, K., Orr, M., & Bantham, A. (2025) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171251335507c · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Association Between Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Fiscella, A., & Andel, R. (2024) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2022-0243 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bantham, A., Hosking, M., & Rogers, R. J. (2025) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171251335507d · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Zhang, Y., & Qiu, Y. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14050212 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Ferraz, R., Neiva, H. P., Silva, F. M., & Duarte-Mendes, P. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14050183
Peary, A., Vaidya, N., Jakicic, J., & Chao, A. M. (2026) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-026-01426-y
Self-citationEffects of Sports and Physical Activity on Physical Health
Sütlü, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9430-5.ch005
Qu, P., Zhu, T., Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, Q., Liu, Y., & Wang, D. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18162678
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Chandiok, K., Kothari, A. B., Kulkarni, B., Chowdhury, R., Mummadi, M. K., Reddy, S. N., Gavaravarapu, S. M., Gonmei, Z., Mukherjee, A., & Bansal, P. G. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1893709
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Ntikoudi, A., Papachristou, A., & Vlachou, E. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1927710
McCann, I., Joki, A., Suojanen, L.-U., Venäläinen, M. S., Pietiläinen, K. H., & Ahola, A. J. (2026) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-026-04425-3
- Authors
- Jakicic, J. M., Behrens, C. E., Deemer, S. E., Forseth, B., Katsanos, C. S., Nickerson, B. S., Prado, W. L., Wang, X., Deru, L. S., & Rogers, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- University of North Texas (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- California State University, San Bernardino (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jakicic, John M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2026-12
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 101097
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC12856422
- OpenAlex
- W4415451171
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1TR002368)
- National Institutes of Health (P20GM144269, KL2TR002367)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- physical activity, obesity, overweight, obesity treatment, weight loss, cardiometabolic health, cognitive health, mental health, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, physical function, mobility (physical function), body composition, exercise programming, fitness professionals, individualized exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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