Impact of original, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351/P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineages on vaccine effectiveness of two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Results from a nationwide case-control study in France
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19 with the original virus and other lineages circulating in France. METHODS: In this nationwide case-control study, cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected adults with onset of symptoms between 14 February and 3 May 2021. Controls were non-infected adults from a national representative panel matched to cases by age, sex, region, population density and calendar week. Participants completed an online questionnaire on recent activity-related exposures and vaccination history. Information about the infecting virus was based on a screening RT-PCR for either B.1.1.7 or B.1.351/P.1 variants. FINDINGS: Included in our analysis were 7 288 adults infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 virus, 31 313 with the B.1.1.7 lineage, 2 550 with B.1.351/P1 lineages, and 3 644 controls. In multivariable analysis, the vaccine effectiveness (95% confidence interval) seven days after the second dose of mRNA vaccine was estimated at 88% (81-92), 86% (81-90) and 77% (63-86) against COVID-19 with the original virus, the B.1.1.7 lineage, and the B.1.351/P.1 lineages, respectively. Recent (2 to 6 months) history of virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to be 83% (76-88), 88% (85-91) and 83% (71-90) protective against COVID-19 with the original virus, the B.1.1.7 lineage, and the B.1.351/P.1 lineages, respectively; and more distant (> 6 months) infections were 76% (54-87), 84% (75-90), and 74% (41-89) protective against COVID-19 with the original virus, the B.1.1.7 lineage, and the B.1.351/P.1 lineages, respectively. INTERPRETATION: In real-life settings, two doses of mRNA vaccines proved to be effective against COVID-19 with the original virus, B.1.1.7 lineage and B.1.351/P.1 lineages. FUNDING: Institut Pasteur, Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases (REACTing), Fondation de France (Alliance "Tous unis contre le virus").
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Real-world studies performed a few months into COVID-19 vaccination campaigns showed high effectiveness of these vaccines.
“Real-world setting studies performed, few months into vaccination campaigns, showed high effectiveness of these vaccines [1-8].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini, C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034577 · Cited by 14,592 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These findings align well with results from clinical trials against the original viruses: 95% for BNT162b2 mRNA[24], and 94% for Moderna mRNA-1273[25] vaccines; and with results from field evaluations of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines: 94% against a mix of original viruses and B.”
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119 · see citing works
Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England
Davies, N. G., Abbott, S., Barnard, R. C., Jarvis, C. I., Kucharski, A. J., Munday, J. D., Pearson, C. A. B., Russell, T. W., Tully, D. C., Washburne, A. D., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg3055 · Cited by 2,633 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The results of our analysis are encouraging for the ongoing COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign in France, for which mRNA vaccines constitute the large majority of COVID-19 vaccine doses procured.[36] Despite the circulation of variants of concern, the continued rollout of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, following the two-dose…”
ResultEstimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England
Davies, N. G., Abbott, S., Barnard, R. C., Jarvis, C. I., Kucharski, A. J., Munday, J. D., Pearson, C. A. B., Russell, T. W., Tully, D. C., Washburne, A. D., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.24.20248822 · Cited by 2,557 · see citing works
BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting
Dagan, N., Barda, N., Kepten, E., Miron, O., Perchik, S., Katz, M. A., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Reis, B., & Balicer, R. D. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2101765 · Cited by 2,527 · cited 5× · see citing works
“This search identified two cohort studies assessing vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against the original virus and B.1.1.7 lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Israel and in the U. K., one case-control study which assessed vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA against the B.1.1.7 in the U.K., and one case-control…”
InfluentialThrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination
Greinacher, A., Thiele, T., Warkentin, T. E., Weisser, K., Kyrle, P. A., & Eichinger, S. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2104840 · Cited by 2,259 · see citing works
Assessing transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England
The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Volz, E., Mishra, S., Chand, M., Barrett, J. C., Johnson, R., Geidelberg, L., Hinsley, W. R., Laydon, D. J., Dabrera, G., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03470-x · Cited by 1,611 · see citing works
Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil
Faria, N. R., Mellan, T. A., Whittaker, C., Claro, I. M., Candido, D. D. S., Mishra, S., Crispim, M. A. E., Sales, F. C. S., Hawryluk, I., McCrone, J. T., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abh2644 · Cited by 1,461 · cited 1× · see citing works
“1 variant in Brazil, both of which emerged in a context of rapid resurgence in SARS-CoV-2 incidence [2,3].”
Bernal, J. L., Andrews, N., Gower, C., Stowe, J., Robertson, C., Tessier, E., Simmons, R., Cottrell, S., Roberts, R., O’Doherty, M., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.21252652 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant
Madhi, S. A., Baillie, V., Cutland, C. L., Voysey, M., Koen, A. L., Fairlie, L., Padayachee, S. D., Dheda, K., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2102214 · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
Antibody Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers
Lumley, S. F., O’Donnell, D., Stoesser, N. E., Matthews, P. C., Howarth, A., Hatch, S. B., Marsden, B. D., Cox, S., James, T., Warren, F., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034545 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants
Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., & Butt, A. A. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2104974 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Hall, V. J., Foulkes, S., Saei, A., Andrews, N., Oguti, B., Charlett, A., Wellington, E., Stowe, J., Gillson, N., Atti, A., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00790-x · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 from neutralization by convalescent plasma
Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa, Cele, S., COMMIT-KZN Team, Gazy, I., Jackson, L., Hwa, S.-H., Tegally, H., Lustig, G., Giandhari, J., Pillay, S., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03471-w · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant
Shinde, V., Bhikha, S., Hoosain, Z., Archary, M., Bhorat, Q., Fairlie, L., Lalloo, U., Masilela, M. S. L., Moodley, D., Hanley, S., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2103055 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Preliminary Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.351 Variant
Shinde, V., Bhikha, S., Hoosain, Z., Archary, M., Bhorat, Q., Fairlie, L., Lalloo, U., Masilela, M. S. L., Moodley, D., Hanley, S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.02.25.21252477 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccine
Wu, K., Werner, A. P., Koch, M., Choi, A., Narayanan, E., Stewart-Jones, G. B. E., Colpitts, T., Bennett, H., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Shi, W., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2102179 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling
Lessler, J., Grabowski, M. K., Grantz, K. H., Badillo-Goicoechea, E., Metcalf, C. J. E., Lupton-Smith, C., Azman, A. S., & Stuart, E. A. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abh2939 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 18
- [2]Tegally H. Wilkinson E. Giovanetti M. Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa Nature 592 2021 438 443 33690265
- [4]Betton M. Livrozet M. Planas D. Sera neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants six month after hospitalization for COVID-19 Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 2021 10.1093/cid/ciab308 published online April 14 PMC8083257 33851216 · DOI
- [6]Dejnirattisai W. Zhou D. Supasa P. Antibody evasion by the P.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 Cell 2021 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.055 published online March 30 PMC8008340 33852911 · DOI · Paper page
- [7]Planas D. Bruel T. Grzelak L. Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies Nat Med 2021 10.1038/s41591-021-01318-5 published online March 26 33772244 · DOI · Paper page
- [8]Lustig Y. Nemet I. Kliker L. Neutralizing Response against Variants after SARS-CoV-2 Infection and One Dose of BNT162b2 N Engl J Med 2021 10.1056/NEJMc2104036 published online April 7 PMC8063887 33826815 · DOI
- [13]Sadoff J. Gray G. Vandebosch A. Safety and efficacy of single-dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19 N Engl J Med 2021 10.1056/NEJMoa2101544 published online April 21 34107179 · DOI · Paper page
- [15]Kustin T. Harel N. Finkel U. Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated individuals medRxiv 2021 2021.04.06.21254882 PMC8363499 34127854
- [17]Galmiche S. Charmet T. Schaeffer L. Exposures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in France: a nationwide online case-control study Lancet Regional Health Europe 7 2021 100148 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100148 (Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021Epub 2021 Jun 7 PMC8183123 34124709 · DOI
- [22]Gaymard A. Bosetti P. Feri A. Early assessment of diffusion and possible expansion of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage 20I/501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7, variant of concern 202012/01) in France, January to March 2021 Euro Surveill 26 9 2021 Mar 2100133 PMC7934223 33663644
- [27]Hall V.J. Foulkes S. Charlett A. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN) Lancet Lond Engl 397 2021 1459 1469 PMC8040523 33844963
- [29]Hansen C.H. Michlmayr D. Gubbels S.M. Mølbak K. Ethelberg S. Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study Lancet Lond Engl 397 2021 1204 1212 PMC7969130 33743221
- [30]Ward H. Atchison C. Whitaker M. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in England following the first peak of the pandemic Nat Commun 12 2021 905 33568663 PMC7876103
- [31]Carrat F. de Lamballerie X. Rahib D. Antibody status and cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults in three regions of France following the first lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study Int J Epidemiol 2021 (accepted) Forbes H, Morton CE, Bacon S, et al. Association between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England. BMJ 2021; 372: n628 PMC8344948 34293141
- [33]Pollán M. Pérez-Gómez B. Pastor-Barriuso R. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study Lancet Lond Engl 396 2020 535 544 PMC7336131 32645347
- [34]Lopalco P.L. DeStefano F. The complementary roles of Phase 3 trials and post-licensure surveillance in the evaluation of new vaccines Vaccine 33 2015 1541 1548 25444788 PMC4596394
- [37]Pearson, C.A.B. et al. Estimates of severity and transmissibility of novel South Africa
- [38]SARS-CoV-2 variant 501Y.V2. Preprint at https://cmmid.github.io/topics/covid19/sa-novel-variant.html (2021). Accessed 31 May 2021
- [38]Stefanelli P. Trentini F. Guzzetta G. Co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and P.1 medRxiv 2021 10.1101/2021.04.06.21254923 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pouwels, K. B., Pritchard, E., Matthews, P. C., Stoesser, N., Eyre, D. W., Vihta, K.-D., House, T., Hay, J., Bell, J. I., Newton, J. N., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.21262237 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Tamandjou Tchuem, C. R., Auvigne, V., Vaux, S., Montagnat, C., Paireau, J., Monnier Besnard, S., Gabet, A., Benhajkassen, N., Le Strat, Y., Parent Du Chatelet, I., et al. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.062 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationShooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development
Günl, F., Mecate-Zambrano, A., Rehländer, S., Hinse, S., Ludwig, S., & Brunotte, L. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9101052 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Peng, L., Renauer, P. A., Ökten, A., Fang, Z., Park, J. J., Zhou, X., Lin, Q., Dong, M. B., Filler, R., Xiong, Q., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100634 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Charmet, T., Schaeffer, L., Grant, R., Galmiche, S., Chény, O., Von Platen, C., Maurizot, A., Rogoff, A., Omar, F., David, C., Septfons, A., Cauchemez, S., Gaymard, A., Lina, B., Lefrancois, L. H., Enouf, V., van der Werf, S., Mailles, A., Levy-Bruhl, D., Carrat, F., & Fontanet, A.
- Affiliations
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- l'Assurance Maladie (FR)
- Santé Publique France (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Lyon 1 Université (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Fontanet, Arnaud
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet Regional Health - Europe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 100171
- ISSN
- 2666-7762 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8277121
- OpenAlex
- W3179944610
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 16
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (10-LABX-62-IBEID, ANR‐10‐LABX‐62‐IBEID, ANR-16-CONV-0005, ANR-10, ANR-10-LABX-0062, ANR-10-LABX-62)
- Fondation de France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (10-LABX-62-IBEID, ANR-10-LABX-62)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ANR-16-CONV-0005, 101003589)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 variants, B.1.1.7 lineage, mRNA vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, breakthrough infection, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, Omicron variant, Delta variant, France, case-control study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
