The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Instructional animation versus static pictures: A meta-analysis
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“This idea was confirmed by a meta-analysis of Höffler and Leutner (2007), who showed that superior learning (the largest effect size) was found when the animations were highly realistic and procedural-motor knowledge was involved.”
From Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later (2019) · cites this paper as Höffler and Leutner (2007)
In the citing paper
“In particular, the meta-analysis of Höffler and Leutner (2007) showed that superior learning (the largest effect size) was found when the animations were highly realistic and procedural-motor knowledge was involved, such as in learning to (dis)assemble a machine gun.”
From An Evolutionary Upgrade of Cognitive Load Theory: Using the Human Motor System and Collaboration to Support the Learning of Complex Cognitive Tasks (2012) · cites this paper as Höffler and Leutner 2007
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, under some instructional conditions, such as the use of dynamic visualizations to teach human motor skills, this tension between a limited working memory capacity and transient information seems to be non-existent, with animations being more effective than equivalent static graphics.”
From An Evolutionary Upgrade of Cognitive Load Theory: Using the Human Motor System and Collaboration to Support the Learning of Complex Cognitive Tasks (2012) · cites this paper as Höffler and Leutner 2007
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BackgroundHow may multimedia and hypertext documents support deep processing for learning?
Amadieu, F., Lemarié, J., & Tricot, A. (2015) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2015.04.002 · Cited by 19
“Furthermore, a meta-analysis conducted in 2007 on 26 studies (Höffler & Leutner, 2007) provided conclusions in favor of animations and also indicated that moderating variables weight the efficiency of animations (e.g., procedural-motor knowledge rather than declarative or problem solving knowledge).”
BackgroundDesigning computer-based learning contents: influence of digital zoom on attention
Glaser, M., Lengyel, D., Toulouse, C., & Schwan, S. (2016) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-016-9495-9 · Cited by 19
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MethodScheiter, K., Brucker, B., & Ainsworth, S. E. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103934 · Cited by 19
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BackgroundInfluentialTHE EFFECT OF VISUALIZATION TYPE AND STUDENT SPATIAL ABILITIES ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
Sudatha, I. G. W., Degeng, I. N. S., & Kamdi, W. (2018) · Journal of Baltic Science Education · doi:10.33225/jbse/18.17.551 · Cited by 21
“However, in a meta-analysis done by Hoffler & Leutner (2007) it is shown that in some researches dynamic visualization is more fruitful than static visualization, particularly when the instruction is about procedural knowledge.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDoes Animation Amplify the Modality Effect – or is there any Modality Effect at All?
Schmidt‐Weigand, F. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1024/1010-0652/a000048 · Cited by 18
van Dulmen, T. H. H., Visser, T. C., Pepin, B., et al. (2022) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2022.2070147 · Cited by 17
“However, an important implication of this study is that attention should be given to specific visualizations in learning materials based on cutting-edge research, (e.g. animations, applets) to be able to foster deeper student understanding (Höffler and Leutner 2007).”
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de Koning, B. B., Mok, K., Marcus, N., & Ayres, P. (2022) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12542 · Cited by 17
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“For example, in the case of representational role of animation that occurs when the topic to be learned is explicitly depicted in the animation, an overall superiority of animations over static pictures can be observed [41].”
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Rahnert, K. (2021) · Accounting Education · doi:10.1080/09639284.2021.2015409 · Cited by 17
“…has indicated the e ff ectiveness of observational learning for cognitive tasks (e.g. Berney & Bétrancourt, 2016; Castro-Alonso et al., 2019; Hö ffl er & Leutner, 2007), mirror neurons might not only be involved in the learning of motor tasks, but also of cognitive tasks such as technology,…”
BackgroundLin, X., Tang, W., Ma, W., Liu, Y., & Ding, F. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11608-9 · Cited by 17
“Although studies have shown that animation outperforms static pictures (Höffler & Leutner, 2007), mental representations of dynamic systems learners construct from animation is no more accurate than those from static pictures (Tversky & Morrison, 2002).”
BackgroundAttention Guidance in Multimedia Learning: The Role of Cueing
Wang, F., Zhaohui, D. U. A. N., & Zhou, Z. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.01430 · Cited by 17
“…对学习效果的影响, 大部分研究证实线索能够促进学习。但是由于线索的多样性以及学习材料的复杂性, 线索 能否有效地提高学习效果仍然存在争议。从认知负荷理论视角综述发现, 线索加入并没有明显降低学习者感 知到的主观认知负荷; 从知觉加工视角而言, 线索作为突显的刺激会吸引学习者的注意, 从而简化学习者在 知觉加工阶段的视觉搜索。未来研究仍然需要关注以下问题:(1)线索是否真的被学习者所注意和加工?(2) 重视学习材料多样性比较和不同线索类型差异探讨, (3)关注学习者经验影响, (4)如何在教学设计上保证线索 的有效性。 关键词 线索; 多媒体学习;…”
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Assessing the Impact of Virtualizing Physical LabsPreprint
Paxinou, E., Zafeiropoulos, V., Sypsas, A., Kiourt, C., & Kalles, D. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1711.11502 · Cited by 19
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BackgroundKorntreff, S., & Prediger, S. (2021) · Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik · doi:10.1007/s13138-021-00190-7 · Cited by 16
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Virtual Tutee System: a potential tool for enhancing academic reading engagement
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Groff, J., Boucheix, J., Lowe, R., Argon, S., Saby, L., Alauzet, A., & Paire‐Ficout, L. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.010 · Cited by 16
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BackgroundMak, B. S. Y., Cheung, A., Guo, X., et al. (2017) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-017-9620-3 · Cited by 16
“A meta-analysis identified an overall effect size of +.46 for animation by comparing it with static pictures to reading (Höffler and Leutner 2007).”
BackgroundWhen analogies harm: The effects of analogies on metacomprehension
Wiley, J., Jaeger, A. J., Taylor, A. R., & Griffin, T. D. (2017) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.10.001 · Cited by 17
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BackgroundSinger, N. (2019) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2019.75171 · Cited by 18
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Cybulski, P. (2021) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi10030159 · Cited by 16
“Çöltekin et al. [17] found that more abstract road maps are more effective in the process of memorizing the route by men than those using a satellite background.”
BackgroundInfluentialCreating concept maps with augmented reality: a case of eclipse of the lunar and solar topic
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BackgroundKhacharem, A., Zoudji, B., Kalyuga, S., & Ripoll, H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2012.735342 · Cited by 17
The cognitive benefits of dynamic representations in the acquisition of spatial navigation skills
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Dahmani, H.-R., Schneeberger, P., & Kramer, I. (2009) · CBE - Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.09-03-0023 · Cited by 17
“…(17) A requirement for hydrolysis of ATP (energy) (5) Cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation (4) ATP hydrolysis necessary opening for passage of ions (2) Opening and closing Contraction CBE—Life Sciences Education236 tests performed within different contexts (Höffler and Leutner, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodCriteria for Video Engagement in a Biology MOOC
Thornton, S. R., Riley, C., & Wiltrout, M. E. (2017) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/3051457.3054007 · Cited by 16
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Starkey, E. M., McKay, A. S., Hunter, S. T., & Miller, S. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44989-0_4 · Cited by 15
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Kwon, H., & Capraro, M. M. (2021) · International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education · doi:10.29333/iejme/11066 · Cited by 15
“Prior researchers (e.g., Hoffler & Leutner, 2007; Malone et al., 2020; Otten et al., 2019) have found that students learn more conceptually from words reinforced by objects and pictures than from words alone.”
BackgroundAndersen, P., Inoue, K., & Walsh, K. D. (2012) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/1744987111434188 · Cited by 15
“The use of animation in conjunction with a static model and explanation can provide superior leaning outcomes (Hoffler and Leutner, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialSchüler, A., Pazzaglia, F., & Scheiter, K. (2018) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12341 · Cited by 17
External Representations for Learning
de Vries, E., Demetriadis, S., & Ainsworth, S. E. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9827-7_9 · Cited by 16
“Indeed, a recent meta-analysis proposed an effect size of around 0.4 ( Hoffler & Leutner, 2007 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialUnger, F. (2019) · Perspektiven Sozialwirtschaft und Sozialmanagement · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-25915-0_3 · Cited by 14
Development of Learning Management with Animated Video to Increase Motivation and Learning Outcomes
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Pfeiffer, V. D. I., Scheiter, K., & Gemballa, S. (2011) · Journal of Biological Education · doi:10.1080/00219266.2011.584892 · Cited by 14
“This research has typically been conducted in the laboratory or pure classroom settings (for an exception see Pfeiffer et al. 2009), where it has yielded ambiguous results (Tversky, BauerMorrison, and Bétrancourt 2002; Höffler and Leutner 2007).”
ResultLearning from Animations: From 2D to 3D?
Schwan, S., & Papenmeier, F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56204-9_2 · Cited by 15
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“Although there are situations in multimedia learning when static depiction of events is preferable to dynamic (i.e., animations), Höffler and Leutner (2007) concluded based on a meta-analysis that dynamic presentation produced better learning outcomes than static as long as presentation only…”
BackgroundLieshout, E. C. D. M. V., & Xenidou‐Dervou, I. (2019) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/s11858-019-01091-3 · Cited by 14
Zhi-gang, C., Zhang, P., & Han, X. (2020) · China Finance Review International · doi:10.1108/cfri-11-2019-0152 · Cited by 14
Teaching Engineering Design with Digital Fabrication: Imagining, Creating, and Refining Ideas
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Zander, S., Montag, M. J., Wetzel, S., & Bertel, S. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103677 · Cited by 16
The Effects of Using Representations in Elementary Mathematics: Meta-Analysis of Research
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“Researchers (e.g., Hoffler & Leutner, 2007) have determined that people learn more deeply from words supported by graphics than from words alone.”
BackgroundAumann, A., Schnebel, S., & Weitzel, H. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14050538 · Cited by 13
Brucker, B., Pardi, G., Uehlin, F., Moosmann, L., Lachmair, M., Halfmann, M., & Gerjets, P. H. (2024) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-024-09895-w · Cited by 17
“…phenomena and outperform static visualizations, particularly when learners with lower visuospatial ability must be supported (e.g., Höffler, 2010), as well as when the learning content involves biological movement (e.g., Ber-ney & Bétrancourt, 2016; Höffler & Leutner, 2007; Plötzner et al. 2021).”
Enhancing Learning Through Animated Video: An Eye-Tracking Methodology Approach
Beautemps, J., Bresges, A., & Becker, S. (2024) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-024-10162-4 · Cited by 13
“Various studies and meta-analyses attribute animations a positive influence on the learning experience or the learning success (Berney & Bétrancourt, 2016; Höffler & Leutner, 2007; Liu & Elms, 2019), and also, the motivation of the learner seems to be improved by animations (Barut & Dursun, 2021).”
Visualizing Oceans of Data: Educational interface design
Krumhansl, R., Busey, A., Krumhansl, K. A., Foster, J., & Peach, C. L. (2013) · MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference (OCEANS) · doi:10.23919/oceans.2013.6741364 · Cited by 13
Rapchak, M. E. (2016) · Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning · doi:10.1080/1533290x.2016.1226579 · Cited by 13
“However, it is important to note that a meta-analysis discovered that animation had a greater impact on learning than static pictures (Höffler & Leutner, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodChan, T. K. S., Wong, S. W. L., Wong, A. M.-Y., & Leung, V. W. H. (2018) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-018-9600-9 · Cited by 13
Students’ Vocabulary Mastery By Using Animation Video on English Language Teaching
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Modelling adaptive hypermedia instructional system: a framework
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Enhancing Internet Search Abilities for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Sri Lanka
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“A meta-analysis by Höf-fler and Leutner [41] of 26 studies compared the use of static and dynamic visuals in instruction.”
MethodComputer-related self-concept: The impact on cognitive achievement
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“…theory (Chandler 2004 ), since the animation does not provide permanent but transient information, which requires more time and efforts to process (Höffler and Leutner 2007 ; Hegarty 2004 ), and participants in highly engaged emergency situation, chosen only to process the simpler text…”
BackgroundInklusion digital! Chancen und Herausforderungen inklusiver Bildung im Kontext von Digitalisierung
Ferencik-Lehmkuhl, D., Huynh, I., Laubmeister, C., Lee, C., Melzer, C., Schwank, I., Weck, H., Ziemen, K., & Klinkhardt, V. J. (2023) · Verlag Julius Klinkhardt eBooks · doi:10.35468/5990 · Cited by 13
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Colliot, T., & Boucheix, J. (2023) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12879 · Cited by 12
“Firstly, the meta-analyses evoked above indicate that animations are superior to static presentation for procedural learning (Berney & Bétrancourt, 2016; Castro-Alonso et al., 2019; Höffler & Leutner, 2007; Ploetzner et al., 2020), especially for human hand manipulation.”
BackgroundThe effects of light and noise levels and task types on the visual cognitive load of pilots
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Visual mnemonics for language learning: Static pictures versus animated morphs.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Höffler, T. N., & Leutner, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Höffler, Tim N.
- Venue
- Learning and Instruction
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 722-738
- ISSN
- 0959-4752 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055846787
- Semantic Scholar
- 150d104dd692b1dd1a95234deda0925a2c83b39a
- Cited by
- 992
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Learning and Instruction (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Digital Media and Visual Art
- Keywords
- educational animation, still images, cognitive load, multimedia learning, learning outcomes, instructional design
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