Skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures
Open accessAbstract
Inspired by mammalian skins, soft hybrids integrating the merits of elastomers and hydrogels have potential applications in diverse areas including stretchable and bio-integrated electronics, microfluidics, tissue engineering, soft robotics and biomedical devices. However, existing hydrogel–elastomer hybrids have limitations such as weak interfacial bonding, low robustness and difficulties in patterning microstructures. Here, we report a simple yet versatile method to assemble hydrogels and elastomers into hybrids with extremely robust interfaces (interfacial toughness over 1,000 Jm −2 ) and functional microstructures such as microfluidic channels and electrical circuits. The proposed method is generally applicable to various types of tough hydrogels and diverse commonly used elastomers including polydimethylsiloxane Sylgard 184, polyurethane, latex, VHB and Ecoflex. We further demonstrate applications enabled by the robust and microstructured hydrogel–elastomer hybrids including anti-dehydration hydrogel–elastomer hybrids, stretchable and reactive hydrogel–elastomer microfluidics, and stretchable hydrogel circuit boards patterned on elastomer.
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Encapsulation of hydrogel sensors with elastomeric materials is an effective approach to prevent the evaporation of water from hydrogels.
“The encapsulation of hydrogel sensors with elastomeric materials is an effective approach to prevent the evaporation of water from hydrogels”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [151]
In Results, ‘Applications of robust hydrogel–elastomer hybrids,’ an Ecoflex-coated hydrogel retained its weight over 48 hours, while an uncoated hydrogel lost nearly all its water. This supports elastomeric coating as an anti-dehydration approach, but the tested sample was a hydrogel disk, not an encapsulated hydrogel sensor. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHydrogel-elastomer hybrid retains stretchability while enhancing the water-retention capacity of the hydrogel, enabling it to work in dry environments.
“The hybrid retains stretchability, while enhancing the water-retention capacity of the hydrogel, thereby enabling it to work in dry environments”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [151]
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- Authors
- Yuk, H., Zhang, T., Parada, G. A., Liu, X., & Zhao, X.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Syracuse University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhao, Xuanhe
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-06-27
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12028-12028
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4931236
- OpenAlex
- W2461891321
- Cited by
- 1,035
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 35.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1253495)
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
- National Institutes of Health (UH3TR000505)
- Samsung
- Office of Naval Research (N00014‐14‐1‐0528, N00014)
- Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI-1253495)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- interfacial bonding, interfacial toughness, micropatterning, microfluidic channels, stretchable electronics, stretchable circuits, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, LaTeX, Ecoflex, soft robotics, bio-integrated electronics
- MeSH terms
- Chemical Engineering, Materials Testing, Surface Properties, Hydrogels, Elastomers, Mechanical Phenomena
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