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Cited by 97Hormonal and reproductive studiesAdrenal Hormones and DisordersSperm and Testicular Function

Partial androgen deficiency in aging type 2 diabetic men and its relationship to glycemic control

Corrales, J.J, Burgo, R.M, Garcı́a-Berrocal, B, Almeida, M, Alberca, I, González-Buitrago, J.M, Orfao, A, Miralles, J.M·2004·Metabolism
DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.12.016
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Abstract

Aging in the male is associated with both a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes and hypogonadism. However, little information is available about the complex of symptoms and hormonal changes related to partial androgen deficiency in aging (called andropause) in type 2 diabetic men. Here, for the first time, we used a combination of clinical and hormonal criteria to define andropause and to analyze the relationships between the androgen environment and glucose metabolism in 55 type 2 diabetic men (63.6 +/- 7.9 years, mean +/- SD). Low plasma levels of total testosterone (< or =3.4 ng/mL) and free testosterone (< or =11 pg/mL) were found in 20% and 54.5%, respectively, of the diabetic men. The fraction of diabetic men with subnormal levels of total testosterone increased with aging: 14.2% (50 to 59 years), 17.4% (60 to 69 years) and 36% (> 70 years). The corresponding figures for subnormal values of free testosterone were 38%, 69.6%, and 54.5%, respectively. In the whole group of type 2 diabetic men, no significant linear correlations between total or free testosterone with fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or fructosamine values could be established. Total testosterone was positively correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels (r =.322, P =.01). Although fasting plasma glucose was marginally higher in aging type 2 diabetic patients with andropause than in those without andropause (162 +/- 6.9 v 139 +/- 8.9, mean +/- SEM, P =.05), there were no differences between both subgroups for plasma fasting insulin, C-peptide, fructosamine, or HbA(1c) levels. Replacement therapy (150 mg intramuscular [IM] of enanthate of testosterone every 14 days for 6 months) was applied in 10 type 2 diabetic men with clinical features of andropause associated with subnormal concentrations of serum testosterone. The treatment induced significant increases in total plasma testosterone (baseline: 3.9 +/- 0.3; at 6 months: 7.1 +/- 0.9 ng/mL, mean +/- SEM, P =.003) and free testosterone (baseline: 9.3 +/- 0.6; at 6 months 17.6 +/- 2.4 pg/mL, P =.003), but had a neutral effect on overall glycemic control. These data show a high prevalence of andropause in aging type 2 diabetic men and suggest that the endogenous androgen environment, as well as correction of the partial androgen deficiency, do not have a meaningful effect on glycemic control.

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Authors
Corrales, J. J., Burgo, R. M., Garcı́a-Berrocal, B., Almeida, M., Alberca, I., González-Buitrago, J. M., Orfao, A., & Miralles, J. M.
Affiliations
Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
ORCID
Almeida, M
Venue
Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-05
Volume
53
Issue
5
Pages
666-672
ISSN
0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.metabol.2003.12.016
OpenAlex
W2058694521
Cited by
97
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI
3.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
andropause, type 2 diabetes, older men, hypogonadism, testosterone replacement therapy, testosterone enanthate, glycemic control, glycosylated haemoglobin, free testosterone, total testosterone, insulin, C-peptide, fructosamine, glucose metabolism
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Androgens, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Gonadotropins, Gonadotropins, Pituitary, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Testosterone, Time Factors, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Fructosamine

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