Endogenous Sex Hormones and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men and Women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Oh, Jee-Young; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Wedick, Nicole M.; Wingard, Deborah L.

doi:10.2337/diacare.25.1.55

Cited by 594Hormonal and reproductive studiesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsMenopause: Health Impacts and Treatments

Endogenous Sex Hormones and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men and Women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

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Oh, Jee-Young, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Wedick, Nicole M., Wingard, Deborah L.·2002·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.25.1.55

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To determine the prospective association between endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in older men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A standardized medical history was obtained, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and plasma samples for sex hormones and covariates were collected from ambulatory, community-dwelling men and women at baseline from 1984 to 1987. Approximately 8 years later (1992–1996), another medical history was obtained, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, fasting and 2-h insulin levels were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was evaluated. This report is based on the 294 men and 233 women, aged 55–89 years, who completed both visits and who did not have diabetes as determined by history or glucose tolerance test at baseline, as well as women who were postmenopausal and not taking replacement estrogen. RESULTS—In age-adjusted correlation analyses, total testosterone was inversely and significantly related to subsequent levels of fasting and postchallenge glucose and insulin in men, whereas bioavailable testosterone and bioavailable estradiol were positively and significantly related to fasting and postchallenge glucose and insulin in women (all P <0.05). There was similar significant association with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in unadjusted and multiply adjusted analyses (P <0.05). There were 26 men and 17 women with new (incident) diabetes. The odds for new diabetes were 2.7 (95% CI 1.1–6.6) for men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone and 2.9 (1.1–8.4) for women in the highest quartile of bioavailable testosterone. CONCLUSIONS—Low testosterone levels in men and high testosterone levels in women predict insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes in older adults.

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Low testosterone levels predict insulin resistance and the future development of type 2 diabetes.
“Low testosterone levels have also been found to predict insulin resistance and the future development of type 2 diabetes (3-5).”
From Clinical and Biochemical Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes (2007) · cites this paper as [3]

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Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E: Gender differences in the influence of aging on androgen and estrogen levels: the Rancho Bernardo Study. In Proceedings of the 82nd Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Toronto, Canada. Endocrine Society, 2000, p. 393

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Authors: Oh, J.-Y., Barrett-Connor, E., Wedick, N. M., & Wingard, D. L.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
ORCID: Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2002-01-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Pages: 55-60
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.1.55
OpenAlex: W2146511410
Cited by: 594
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 12.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG07181)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK031801, DK-31801)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, sex hormones, testosterone, estradiol, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, older adults, postmenopausal women, new-onset diabetes, glucose tolerance, Rancho Bernardo Study
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, California, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Smoking, Triglycerides, Body Mass Index

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Endogenous Sex Hormones and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men and Women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

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