Higher prevalence of childbirth related fear in foreign born pregnant women – Findings from a community sample in Sweden
Abstract
Objective to investigate the prevalence of childbirth related fear (CBRF) in early pregnancy among both Swedish born and foreign born women living in Sweden.Design a cross sectional prevalence study. Data was collected by a questionnaire, which was available in Swedish and eight other languages.Setting a university hospital in the middle of Sweden.Participants the recruitment took place during a two month period where the participating women completed the Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS) in mid-pregnancy.Measurements prevalence of CBRF, the cut-point of 60 and above. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated between women born in Sweden and women born in a foreign country. Stratified analyses were also performed separately for Swedish born and foreign born women.Findings in total 606 women completed the survey, 78% were born in Sweden and 22% were born in a foreign country. About 22% of the total sample scored 60 or more on the FOBS-scale. Almost 18% (n=85) of the women born in Sweden reported CBRF whereas 37 % (n=49) of the foreign born women reported CBRF. Being born outside Sweden (OR 2.7; CI 1.7-4.0) and expecting the first baby (OR 1.9; CI 1.3-2.8) were associated with CBRF. There were no differences in age, civil status or level of education between women with or without FOBS≥60. However, a stratified analysis showed that primiparas born in a foreign country (OR 3.8; CI 1.8-8.0) were more likely to score 60 or more on the FOBS-scale compared to multiparas born in a foreign country.Key conclusions childbirth related fear was almost three times as common among foreign born women when compared to Swedish women. Foreign born childbearing women are an extremely vulnerable group who need culturally sensitive and targeted support from caregivers. Further research is needed to clearly identify the components of women׳s childbirth related fear in various ethnic groups.
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FOBS has previously been used in child-bearing populations and has been proposed as a valid instrument for measuring fear of birth in both research and clinical contexts.
“FOBS has previously been used in child-bearing populations [45,51-53] and has been proposed as a valid instrument for measuring FOB in both research and clinical contexts [11,45].”
From Comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with standard care for women with fear of birth: Randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Ternström, E., Hildingsson, I., Haines, H., & Rubertsson, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ternström, Elin
- Venue
- Midwifery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 445-450
- ISSN
- 0266-6138 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056895927
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 6.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Midwifery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- foreign-born women, immigrant women, early pregnancy, primiparous women, parity, prenatal anxiety
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fear, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Prevalence, Parturition, Emigrants and Immigrants
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