A randomized controlled study comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and counselling by standard care for fear of birth – A study protocol
Abstract
Fear of birth is a concern that requires evidence based treatment. The aim of this study is to present the protocol of a randomized controlled multi-center trial to compare internet-based cognitive therapy with counseling as standard care for pregnant women reporting fear of birth. Participants will be recruited in mid-pregnancy. Women who score 60 or above on the Fear of Birth Scale will be offered to participate in this study. Data will be collected by questionnaires including validated instruments at baseline and follow-ups at gestational weeks 30 and 36, two months and one year after birth. The primary outcome will be level of fear of birth measured with the Fear of Birth Scale at 36 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcome measures are level of fear of birth at two months and one year after giving birth, preferences for mode of birth, requests for elective cesarean section, compliance and satisfaction with treatment and birth outcomes. A power calculation based on a 20% reduction of fear implies that approximately 200 will be included in the trial. The study outlined in this protocol will be the first randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based cognitive therapy with counseling for women reporting fear of birth. An effective treatment may result in better overall health for women with fear of birth and a reduction in cesarean sections for non-medical reasons. Evidence regarding treatment options of fear of birth will also provide a greater choice for women.
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The trial was a nonblinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial with a parallel design comparing guided ICBT with standard care for pregnant women reporting fear of birth.
“This study, called the U-CARE Pregnancy trial, was a nonblinded, multicenter RCT with a parallel design, comparing guided ICBT with SC for pregnant women reporting FOB [42].”
From Comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with standard care for women with fear of birth: Randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
With a 20% reduction of fear of birth, a two-sided test, a power of .80, and a significance level of 5%, the power calculation showed that approximately 200 participants needed to be enrolled.
“With a 20% reduction of FOB, a two-sided test, a power of.80, and a significance level of 5%, the power calculation showed that approximately 200 participants needed to be enrolled in this study [42].”
From Comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with standard care for women with fear of birth: Randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
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Sjöström, J., & Rahman, M. H. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82405-1_21
Mirtabar, S. M., Barat, S., Kheirkhah, F., Mostafazadeh, A., Shirafkan, H., Pahlavan, Z., & Faramarzi, M. (2026) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.70173
- Authors
- Ternström, E., Hildingsson, I., Haines, H., Karlström, A., Sundin, Ö., Ekdahl, J., Segeblad, B., Larsson, B., Rondung, E., & Rubertsson, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Mid Sweden University (SE)
- Uppsala University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Ternström, Elin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 75-82
- ISSN
- 1877-5756 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2625169215
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, pregnant women, fear of childbirth, elective cesarean section, medication adherence, treatment satisfaction, birth outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Counseling, Fear, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Research Design, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internet, Parturition, Pregnant People
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