A healthy gastrointestinal microbiome is dependent on dietary diversity
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Like all healthy ecosystems, richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. This biome is flooded with energy in the form of undigested and partially digested foods, and in some cases drugs and dietary supplements. Each microbiotic species in the biome transforms that energy into new molecules, which may signal messages to physiological systems of the host. SCOPE OF REVIEW: Dietary choices select substrates for species, providing a competitive advantage over other GI microbiota. The more diverse the diet, the more diverse the microbiome and the more adaptable it will be to perturbations. Unfortunately, dietary diversity has been lost during the past 50 years and dietary choices that exclude food products from animals or plants will narrow the GI microbiome further. MAJOR CONCLUSION: Additional research into expanding gut microbial richness by dietary diversity is likely to expand concepts in healthy nutrition, stimulate discovery of new diagnostics, and open up novel therapeutic possibilities.
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Long-term elimination or excessive reduction of nutrients such as fermentable fibre produces microbial losses which are difficult to be reversed.
“While diet has been shown to facilitate shifts in microbial composition in as little as three days, long-term elimination or excessive reduction of nutrients such as fermentable fibre produces microbial losses which are difficult to be reversed [84].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
Diet has been shown to facilitate shifts in microbial composition in as little as three days.
“While diet has been shown to facilitate shifts in microbial composition in as little as three days, long-term elimination or excessive reduction of nutrients such as fermentable fibre produces microbial losses which are difficult to be reversed [84].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
Microbial biodiversity of six to twelve year olds is greater than that of healthy adults.
“The microbial biodiversity of six to twelve year olds, for example, has been shown to be greater than those of healthy adults [84,85].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
A diverse diet, particularly a greater number of different types of plant foods consumed, is associated with greater microbial alpha-diversity.
“A diverse diet, and in particular, the number of different types of plant foods consumed [35,78], has been associated with greater microbial alpha-diversity thought to provide an increased variety of substrates for numerous taxa proliferation [78,84].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Heiman, M. L., & Greenway, F. L.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heiman, Mark L.
- Venue
- Molecular Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 317-320
- ISSN
- 2212-8778 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4837298
- OpenAlex
- W2295084775
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, dietary diversity, diet-microbiome interactions, plant-based diet, animal-based diet, host-microbe signaling, microbiota-based therapy
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