Diet dominates host genotype in shaping the murine gut microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Mammals exhibit marked interindividual variations in their gut microbiota, but it remains unclear if this is primarily driven by host genetics or by extrinsic factors like dietary intake. To address this, we examined the effect of dietary perturbations on the gut microbiota of five inbred mouse strains, mice deficient for genes relevant to host-microbial interactions (MyD88(-/-), NOD2(-/-), ob/ob, and Rag1(-/-)), and >200 outbred mice. In each experiment, consumption of a high-fat, high-sugar diet reproducibly altered the gut microbiota despite differences in host genotype. The gut microbiota exhibited a linear dose response to dietary perturbations, taking an average of 3.5 days for each diet-responsive bacterial group to reach a new steady state. Repeated dietary shifts demonstrated that most changes to the gut microbiota are reversible, while also uncovering bacteria whose abundance depends on prior consumption. These results emphasize the dominant role that diet plays in shaping interindividual variations in host-associated microbial communities.
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Gut microbiota composition seems to be more influenced by ambient and dietary cues than by genetic factors.
“In fact, gut microbiota composition seems to be more influenced by ambient and dietary cues than by genetic factors [9, 10].”
From Intestinal Microbiota Is Influenced by Gender and Body Mass Index (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the gut microbiota in humans and animal models.
“Dietary intervention represents an alternative strategy to control the microbial biotransformation of drugs (Fig. 5), as diet has been shown to rapidly and reproducibly alter the gut microbiota in humans and animal models8, 148.”
From The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [148]
Intake of a high-fat diet consisting only of animal-based products, including meat and cheese, profoundly shifted gut microbiota community and altered β diversity within 48 hours of consumption.
“Intake of an HFD consisting of only animal-based products, including meat and cheese, profoundly shifted their gut microbiota community and altered β diversity, within 48 hours of consumption (Carmody et al., 2015).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Carmody et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Carmody, R. N., Gerber, G. K., Luevano, J. M., Gatti, D. M., Somes, L., Svenson, K. L., & Turnbaugh, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Jackson Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turnbaugh, Peter J.
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 72-84
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4297240
- OpenAlex
- W2161332823
- Cited by
- 1,103
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 110 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 29.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM076468, P50GM068763)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32DK101154, P30DK063720, P30DK034854)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, diet, host genotype, inbred mouse strains, high-fat high-sugar diet, interindividual variability, MyD88, NOD2, RAG1, host-microbe interactions, microbiota dynamics, dose-response relationship, microbial community stability
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mice, Microbiota
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