Placing the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus within the brain circuits that control behavior
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This article reviews the anatomical connections of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) and discusses some of the connections by which the PVT could influence behavior. The PVT receives neurochemically diverse projections from the brainstem and hypothalamus with an especially strong innervation from peptide producing neurons. Anatomical evidence is also presented which suggests that the PVT relays information from neurons involved in visceral or homeostatic functions. In turn, the PVT is a major source of projections to the nucleus accumbens, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the central nucleus of the amygdala as well as the cortical areas associated with these subcortical regions. The PVT is activated by conditions and cues that produce states of arousal including those with appetitive or aversive emotional valences. The paper focuses on the potential contribution of the PVT to circadian rhythms, fear, anxiety, food intake and drug-seeking. The information in this paper highlights the potential importance of the PVT as being a component of the brain circuits that regulate reward and defensive behavior with the hope of generating more research in this relatively understudied region of the brain.
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The PVT projects to various reward-associated areas including the NAc, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and central amygdala through collateralized projections.
“Given that the PVT projects to various reward-associated areas including the NAc, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and central amygdala through collateralized projections 10,14, mPFC->pPVT neurons are well-positioned to provide top-down control of brain networks.”
From A prefrontal–paraventricular thalamus circuit requires juvenile social experience to regulate adult sociability in mice (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Kirouac, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kirouac, Gilbert J.
- ORCID
- Kirouac, Gilbert J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 315-329
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1463791314
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP89758)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- paraventricular thalamus, thalamic projections, hypothalamic projections, brainstem projections, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala, arousal, circadian rhythm, fear, anxiety, dietary intake, drug-seeking behavior, reward, defensive behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Reward, Midline Thalamic Nuclei
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