CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 777Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchStress Responses and Cortisol

Efferent projections of the infralimbic cortex of the rat

Hurley, Karen M., Herbert, Horst, Moga, Margaret M., Saper, Clifford B.·1991·Journal of Comparative Neurology
DOI 10.1002/cne.903080210
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

On the basis of stimulation studies, it has been proposed that the infralimbic cortex (ILC), Brodmann area 25, may serve as an autonomic motor cortex. To explore this hypothesis, we have combined anterograde tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and retrograde tracing with wheat germ aggutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) to determine the efferent projections from the ILC. Axons exit the ILC in one of three efferent pathways. The dorsal pathway ascends through layers III and V to innervate the prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortices. The lateral pathway courses through the nucleus accumbens to innervate the insular cortex, the perirhinal cortex, and parts of the piriform cortex. In addition, some fibers from the lateral pathway enter the corticospinal tract. The ventral pathway is by far the largest and innervates the thalamus (including the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, the border zone between the paraventricular and medial dorsal nuclei, and the paratenial, reuniens, ventromedial, parafasicular, and subparafasicular nuclei), the hypothalamus (including the lateral hypothalamic and medial preoptic areas, and the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial, and supramammillary nuclei), the amygdala (including the central, medial, and basomedial nuclei, and the periamygdaloid cortex) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The ventral efferent pathway also provides descending projections to autonomic cell groups of the brainstem and spinal cord including the periaqueductal gray matter, the parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the dorsal motor vagal nucleus, the nucleus ambiguus, and the ventrolateral medulla, as well as lamina I and the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord. The ILC has extensive projections to central autonomic nuclei that may subserve a role in modulating visceral responses to emotional stimuli, such as stress.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/cne.903080210

Cites

80 of 80 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The cingulate cortex projects to stress inhibitory areas (dorsomedial hypothalamus and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus), whilst the infralimbic cortex projects to stress excitatory areas (stria medullaris and amygdala).

    “The cingulate cortex projects to stress inhibitory (dorsomedial hypothalamus and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus), whilst the infralimbic cortex projects to stress excitatory areas (stria medullaris and amygdala) (125–128).”

    From Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [125]

  • Visceromotor areas possess connections targeting hypothalamus, brain stem nuclei and spinal cord, partially relayed by amygdala, periaqueductal gray, and basal ganglia.

    “according to tract tracing studies in monkeys and rats (Mesulam and Mufson, 1982; Hurley et al., 1991; Carmichael and Price, 1995; Freedman et al., 2000; Chiba et al., 2001; Vogt, 2005; Hsu and Price, 2007), the visceromotor areas possess connections targeting hypothalamus, brain stem nuclei and spinal cord (partially relayed by amygdala, periaqueductal gray (PAG), and basal ganglia).”

    From Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression (2016) · cites this paper as Hurley et al., 1991

  • Non-trivial species differences in the neuroanatomy of interoceptive circuitry exist.

    “Second, non-trivial species differences in the neuroanatomy of interoceptive circuitry exist.”

    From Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression (2016) · cites this paper as Hurley et al., 1991

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hurley, K. M., Herbert, H., Moga, M. M., & Saper, C. B.
Affiliations
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Saper, Clifford B.
ORCID
Saper, Clifford B.
Venue
Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1991-06-08
Volume
308
Issue
2
Pages
249-276
ISSN
  • 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9861
DOI
10.1002/cne.903080210
OpenAlex
W2012483271
Cited by
777
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 27
FWCI
8.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 4872 d)
Locations
  • The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ns022835-11, 1f31mh009607-01)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH09607)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-22835)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
infralimbic cortex, efferent projections, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, corticospinal tract, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, ventrolateral medulla, intermediolateral cell column, stress response, emotion regulation, rats
MeSH terms
Animals, Autonomic Nervous System, Axonal Transport, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Efferent Pathways, Limbic System, Medulla Oblongata, Mesencephalon, Pons, Rats, Inbred Strains, Spinal Cord, Thalamus, Lectins, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review