The DOI matches its Crossref record; 120 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Body ownership and embodiment: Vestibular and multisensory mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Body ownership and embodiment are two fundamental mechanisms of self-consciousness. The present article reviews neurological data about paroxysmal illusions during which body ownership and embodiment are affected differentially: autoscopic phenomena (out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, autoscopic hallucination, feeling-of-a-presence) and the room tilt illusion. We suggest that autoscopic phenomena and room tilt illusion are related to different types of failures to integrate body-related information (vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile cues) in addition to a mismatch between vestibular and visual references. In these patients, altered body ownership and embodiment has been shown to occur due to pathological activity at the temporoparietal junction and other vestibular-related areas arguing for a key importance of vestibular processing. We also review the possibilities of manipulating body ownership and embodiment in healthy subjects through exposition to weightlessness as well as caloric and galvanic stimulation of the peripheral vestibular apparatus. In healthy subjects, disturbed self-processing might be related to interference of vestibular stimulation with vestibular cortex leading to disintegration of bodily information and altered body ownership and embodiment. We finally propose a differential contribution of the vestibular cortical areas to the different forms of altered body ownership and embodiment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, the vestibular system is a subconscious system that consistently monitors one’s position in gravitational space through the simultaneous acquisition of exteroceptive and interoceptive sensory information at the level of the brainstem vestibular nuclei (Guldin and Grüsser, 1998; Lopez et al., 2008; Pfeiffer et al., 2014).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Lopez et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Exteroceptive sensory information is continuously acquired from the environment to inform the relationship between one’s self and surroundings (Lopez et al., 2008; Hitier et al., 2014).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Lopez et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Another sensory system important for global body representation and MPS is the vestibular system because it encodes translation and rotation of the body in addition to orientation with respect to gravity [45,46].”
From Full-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood (2009) · cites this paper as [45]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Autoscopic phenomena show that not only identification with and localization of body parts but also the conscious representation of the entire body and MPS can be disturbed [45] (Box 2).”
From Full-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood (2009) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“The TPJ is an important multisensory area, integrating inputs from the tactile, proprioceptive and visual systems, and, critically, from the vestibular system (Blanke & Arzy, 2005;Lopez & Blanke, 2011;Lopez, Halje, & Blanke, 2008).”
From Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness (2013) · cites this paper as Lopez, Halje, & Blanke, 2008
In the citing paper
“As documented above, TPJ activity is necessary for computing self-location and visuo-spatial perspective, because it receives converging visual, tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular signals about body orientation with respect to the environment (Blanke & Arzy, 2005;Bottini et al., 2001;Lopez et al., 2008).”
From Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness (2013) · cites this paper as Lopez et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see
Botvinick, M., & Cohen, J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35784 · Cited by 4,410
Gallagher, S. (2005) · doi:10.1093/0199271941.001.0001 · Cited by 3,311
Warnock, M., Merleau-Ponty, M., & Smith, C. (1964) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2217780 · Cited by 3,175
Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science.
Gallagher, S. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01417-5 · Cited by 2,881 · cited 2×
“Yet, the scientific investigation of bodily expeiences in general, and self-attribution/body ownership nd self-localization/embodiment more specifically, have roven difficult and have, in our opinion, not received the ttention they deserve given their importance for neuroscintific models of self and self-consciousness…”
A cortical area selective for visual processing of the human body
Downing, P. E., Jiang, Y., Shuman, M., & Kanwisher, N. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063414 · Cited by 2,043
Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1997) · Cited by 1,713
That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb
Ehrsson, H. H., Spence, C., & Passingham, R. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097011 · Cited by 1,348
The rubber hand illusion revisited: visuotactile integration and self-attribution
Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.80 · Cited by 1,328
Video ergo sum: manipulating bodily self-consciousness
Lenggenhager, B., Tadi, T., Metzinger, T., & Blanke, O. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1143439 · Cited by 1,265
Self-citationEffect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency
Ruby, P., & Decety, J. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/87510 · Cited by 1,182
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bradford, 2005, Autoscopic hallucinations and disordered self-embodiment, Acta Neuropsychol, 3, 120
- Brugger, 1996, Unilaterally felt “presences”: the neuropsychiatry of one's invisible Doppelgänger, Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol, 9, 114
- Jasper, 1913, Über leibhafte Bewusstheiten (Bewusstheitstäuschungen), ein psychopathologisches Elementarsymptom, Z Pathopsychol, 2, 150
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sense of Embodiment in Virtual Reality
Kilteni, K., Groten, R., & Slater, M. (2012) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00124 · Cited by 1,901
Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness.
Blanke, O. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3292 · Cited by 1,147
Self-citationFull-body illusions and minimal phenomenal selfhood
Blanke, O., & Metzinger, T. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.10.003 · Cited by 1,060
Self-citationThe thalamocortical vestibular system in animals and humans.
Lopez, C., & Blanke, O. (2011) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.12.002 · Cited by 565
Self-citationEmbodiment, ownership and disownership
de Vignemont, F. (2010) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.004 · Cited by 509
Metadata
- Authors
- Lopez, C., Halje, P., & Blanke, O.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Blanke, O.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 149-161
- ISSN
- 0987-7053 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091892781
- Semantic Scholar
- 66a6bd65c9f5420f7ca4fd58c630852054e1e99b
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurophysiologie Clinique (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Cogito Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (112493, 3100A0)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- body ownership, embodiment, self-consciousness, out-of-body experiences, vestibular processing, multisensory integration, temporoparietal junction, proprioception, tactile cues, microgravity, caloric test, galvanic stimulation, vestibular cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Image, Gravitation, Hallucinations, Humans, Illusions, Physical Stimulation, Sensation, Somatosensory Cortex, Vestibule, Labyrinth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
