Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome: factors in pathogenesis
Abstract
There is evidence to suggest that certain shared features exist in the pathogenesis of vascular disease and Alzheimer disease (AD) in the general population. In Down syndrome (DS) all adults over the age of 40 years develop sufficient neuropathology for a diagnosis of AD. However, vascular disease is not as common in DS as it is in the general population, particularly with respect to the development of atheromas. We discuss biological mechanisms and risk factors that may be common to both diseases including cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, plasminogen activator inhibitor and apolipoprotein E (Apo E). The study of individuals with DS may help to identify common pathogenic links as well as a disassociation between vascular disease and AD.
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First signs of β-amyloid plaques appear already in childhood at age eight or earlier.
“The first signs of β-amyloid plaques appear already in childhood at the age of eight or earlier (Lott and Head 2005).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Lott and Head 2005
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- Authors
- Lott, I. T., & Head, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lott, Ira T.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 383-389
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980309511
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P50 AG 16573, R01-AG21912, P50AG016573, R01AG021912)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, vascular disease, atherosclerosis, cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, plasminogen activator inhibitor, apolipoprotein E, shared pathogenesis, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Arteriosclerosis, Brain, Down Syndrome, Humans, Inflammation, Vascular Diseases, Amyloid beta-Peptides
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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