The topography of white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI in healthy 60- to 64-year-old individuals
Abstract
We report the topography of brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging in 477 healthy subjects aged 60-64 years selected randomly from the community. WMHs were delineated by using a computer algorithm. We found that all subjects had periventricular WMHs and 96.6% subjects also had deep WMHs. The mean volume of WMHs was 4.9 ml, comprising 0.83% of the white matter, of which 1.2 ml was severe in intensity. The deep WMHs were distributed throughout the cerebral hemispheres, with the occipital and frontal white matter bearing the greatest burden. The territory of the lenticulostriate arteries had the greatest WMHs. A white matter region of 4 mm adjacent to the cortex was not affected by hyperintensities. The mean (SD) number of discrete WMHs was 19.6 (7.1) per subject, of which 6.1 (4.4) were severe in intensity. Nearly half (48.6%) of the subjects had at least one large WMH (>12 mm diameter) and one eighth (12.5%) of the subjects had at least one large WMH that appeared to be severe in MRI. The overall load of WMHs was similar in men and women, but the latter had a higher proportion of their white matter so affected. This study provides the first detailed topographic analysis of WMHs in a large representative middle-aged sample, emphasizes their high prevalence in mid-adult life and raises issues about their etiology and significance.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
WMLs are highly prevalent in the brains of elderly and even middle-aged individuals, and the lesions must be extensive to be clinically significant.
“WMLs are highly prevalent in the brains of elderly and even middle-aged individuals,54,55 and the lesions have to be extensive to be clinically significant.”
From Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement (2014) · cites this paper as [54]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Voxel-Based Morphometry—The Methods
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0582 · Cited by 8,676 · see citing works
MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging
Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A. A., Hurtig, H. I., & Zimmerman, R. A. (1987) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.351 · Cited by 5,327 · see citing works
Pathologic correlates of incidental MRI white matter signal hyperintensities
Fazekas, F., Kleinert, R., Offenbacher, H., Schmidt, R., Kleinert, G., Payer, F., Radner, H., & Lechner, H. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.9.1683 · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1009 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Longstreth, W. T., Manolio, T. A., Arnold, A., Burke, G. L., Bryan, N., Jungreis, C. A., Enright, P. L., O'Leary, D., & Fried, L. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.8.1274 · Cited by 1,464 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of Leukoaraiosis: A Review
Pantoni, L., & Garcia, J. H. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.3.652 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
O'Brien, J. T., Erkinjuntti, T., Reisberg, ., Román, G. C., Pantoni, L., Bowler, J., Ballard, C., DeCarli, C., Gorelick, P., Rockwood, K., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/ijs.12374_18 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Breteler, M. M. B., Swieten, J. C. V., Bots, M. L., Grobbee, D. E., Claus, J. J., Hout, J. H. W. V. D., van Harskamp, F., Tanghe, H. L. J., de Jong, P. T. V. M., van Gijn, J., et al. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.7.1246 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Bonita, R. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91658-u · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Multimodal Image Coregistration and Partitioning—A Unified Framework
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0290 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
Arterial territories of the human brain
Tatu, L., Moulin, T., Bogousslavsky, J., & Duvernoy, H. M. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.6.1699 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
The Human Brain: Surface, Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy and MRI
Duvernoy, H. M., Cabanis, E. A., & Vannson, J. L. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 574 · see citing works
The Significance of Cerebral White Matter Abnormalities 100 Years After Binswanger’s Report
Pantoni, L., & García, J. H. (1995) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.26.7.1293 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
DeCarli, C., Murphy, D. G. M., Tranh, M., Grady, C. L., Haxby, J. V., Gillette, J. A., Salerno, J. A., Gonzales-Aviles, A., Honvitz, B., Rapoport, S. I., et al. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.11.2077 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Ylikoski, R., Ylikoski, A., Erkinjuntti, T., Sulkava, R. O., Raininko, R., & Tilvis, R. S. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540080029009 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Senile Dementia of the Binswanger Type: A Vascular Form of Dementia in the Elderly
Román, G. C. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03400130096040 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Fazekas, F., Offenbacher, H., Fuchs, S., Schmidt, R., Niederkorn, K., Horner, S., & Lechner, H. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.12.1822 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Histopathologic correlates of white matter changes on MRI in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging
Scheltens, P., Barkhof, F., Leys, D., Wolters, E. C., Ravid, R., & Kamphorst, W. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.5.883 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
MRI white matter hyperintensities: Three-year follow-up of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study
Schmidt, R., Fazekas, F., Kapeller, P., Schmidt, H., & Hartung, H.-P. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.132 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The human periventricular arterial blood supply and the anatomy of cerebral infarctions
de Reuck, J. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000114088 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
A prospective study of cerebral white matter abnormalities in older people with gait dysfunction
Whitman, G. T., Tang, T., Lin, A., & Baloh, R. W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.6.990 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Kirkpatrick, J. B., & Hayman, L. A. (1987) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.162.2.3797666 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Periventricular and Subcortical Hyperintensities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KERTESZ, A. E. (1988) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1988.00520280050015 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Deep white matter infarction: correlation of MR imaging and histopathologic findings.
Marshall, V. G., Bradley, W. G., Marshall, C. E., Bhoopat, T., & Rhodes, R. H. (1988) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.167.2.3357964 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Pathologic Correlates of Increased Signals of the Centrum Ovale on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Muñoz, D. G., Hastak, S. M., Harper, B., Lee, D., & Hachinski, V. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540050044013 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
LINDGREN, A. L., Roijer, A., Rudling, O., Norrving, B. G., Larsson, E., ESKILSSON, J., Wallin, L., Olsson, B. S., & Johansson, B. B. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.5.929 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
FLAIR histogram segmentation for measurement of leukoaraiosis volume
Jack, C. R., O’Brien, P. C., Rettman, D. W., Shiung, M. M., Xu, Y., Muthupillai, R., Manduca, A., Avula, R. T. V., & Erickson, B. J. (2001) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.10011 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Synek, V. M., Reuben, J. R., & du Boulay, G. H. (1976) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.26.3.231 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Clinicopathologic correlations of cranial magnetic resonance imaging of periventricular white matter
Leifer, D., Buonanno, F. S., & Richardson, E. P. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.6.911 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Sze, G. K., Armond, S. J. D., Brant-Zawadzki, M. N., Davis, R., Norman, D. M., & Newton, T. H. (1986) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.147.2.331 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Grafton, S. T., Sumi, S. M., Stimac, G. K., Alvord, E. C., Shaw, C. M., & Nochlin, D. (1991) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530150061019 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Alterations in Glia and Axons in the Brains of Binswanger’s Disease Patients
Akiguchi, I., Tomimoto, H., Suenaga, T., Wakita, H., & Budka, H. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.7.1423 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Circulations of the cerebral hemispheres
Rowbotham, G. F., & Little, E. (1965) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800520104 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A neuropathological study of periventricular white matter hyperintensities in major depression
Thomas, A. J. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00064-2 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Loes, D. J., Peters, C., & Krivit, W. A. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Correlation of CT cerebral vascular territories with function: I. Anterior cerebral artery
Berman, S., Hayman, L. A., & Hinck, V. C. (1980) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.135.2.253 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Erkinjuntti, T., & Rockwood, K. J. (2001) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8301.2001.tb00070.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Scarpelli, M., Salvolini, U., Diamanti, L., Montironi, R., Chiaromoni, L., & Maricotti, M. (1994) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/bf00612126 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Arteriolar Tortuosity of the White Matter in Aging and Hypertension. A Microradiographic Study
Spangler, K. M., CHALLA, V. R., Moody, D. M., & Bell, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199401000-00003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Correlation of CT cerebral vascular territories with function: 3. Middle cerebral artery
Berman, S., Hayman, L., & Hinck, V. C. (1984) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.142.5.1035 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sachdev, P. S., & Brodaty, H. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.12.1958 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationMayer, P. L., & Kier, E. L. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Senile dementia of the Binswanger type. A vascular form of dementia in the elderly
Román, G. C. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.258.13.1782 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Correlation of CT cerebral vascular territories with function: II. Posterior cerebral artery
Hayman, L., Berman, S., & Hinck, V. C. (1981) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.137.1.13 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a study of brain white matter changes
Bronge, L. (2002) · Acta Radiologica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0455.43.s.428.1.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Periventricular White Matter Hyperintensities on MRI: Correlation With Neuropathologic Findings
Smith, C. D., Snowdon, D. A., & Markesbery, W. R. (2000) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon200010113 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
White matter lesions and normal-pressure hydrocephalus: Binswanger disease or Hakim syndrome?
Román, G. C. (1991) · PubMed Central · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Activation of Broca's area by syntactic processing under conditions of concurrent articulation
Caplan, D., Alpert, N., Waters, G., & Olivieri, A. (2000) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(200002)9:2
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding
Park, D. C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656 · Cited by 2,790 · see citing works
Free water elimination and mapping from diffusion MRI
Pasternak, O., Sochen, N., Gur, Y., Intrator, N., & Assaf, Y. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.22055 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Peters, R. (2006) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.036665 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement
Sachdev, P., Kalaria, R., O’Brien, J., Skoog, I., Alladi, S., Black, S. E., Blacker, D., Blazer, D. G., Chen, C., Chui, H., et al. (2014) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000034 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Self-citationClassification of white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in elderly persons
Kim, K. W., MacFall, J. R., & Payne, M. E. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.024 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Anatomical Mapping of White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH)
DeCarli, C. S., Fletcher, E. M., Ramey, V. H., Harvey, D. J., & Jagust, W. J. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000150668.58689.f2 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Extent and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in normal aging, MCI, and AD
Yoshita, M., Fletcher, E., Harvey, D., Ortega, M., Martinez, O., Mungas, D. M., Reed, B. R., & DeCarli, C. S. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000249119.95747.1f · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Vulnerable Neural Systems and the Borderland of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration
Jagust, W. J. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.002 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
van Straaten, E. C. W., Fazekas, F., Rostrup, E., Scheltens, P., Schmidt, R., Pantoni, L., Inzitari, D., Waldemar, G., Erkinjuntti, T., Mäntylä, R., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000202585.26325.74 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Griffanti, L., Jenkinson, M., Suri, S., Zsoldos, E., Mahmood, A., Filippini, N., Sexton, C. E., Topiwala, A., Allan, C. L., Mika Kivimaki, B., et al. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.024 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Voineskos, A. N., Rajji, T. K., Lobaugh, N. J., Miranda, D., Shenton, M. E., Kennedy, J. L., Pollock, B. G., & Mulsant, B. H. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.02.009 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Age- and sex-related effects on the neuroanatomy of healthy elderly
Lemaître, H., Crivello, F., Grassiot, B., Alpérovitch, A., Tzourio, C., & Mazoyer, B. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.042 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Diffusion tensor imaging in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimerʼs disease: a review
Chua, T. C., Wen, W., Slavin, M. J., & Sachdev, P. S. (2008) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3282f4594b · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationMcAleese, K. E., Walker, L., Graham, S., Moya, E. L. J., Johnson, M. A., Erskine, D., Colloby, S. J., Dey, M., Martin-Ruiz, C. M., Taylor, J., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1738-2 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Structural Imaging Measures of Brain Aging
Lockhart, S. N., & DeCarli, C. S. (2014) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9268-3 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Brain aging mechanisms with mechanical manifestations
Blinkouskaya, Y., Caçoilo, A., Gollamudi, T., Jalalian, S., & Weickenmeier, J. (2021) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2021.111575 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Neuroplasticity and cognitive aging: The scaffolding theory of aging and cognition
Goh, J. O., & Park, D. C. (2009) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2009-0493 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Lifespan Mental Activity Predicts Diminished Rate of Hippocampal Atrophy
Valenzuela, M., Sachdev, P. S., Wen, W. X., Chen, X., & Brodaty, H. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002598 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite Matter Changes Compromise Prefrontal Cortex Function in Healthy Elderly Individuals
Nordahl, C. W., Charan Ranganath, A., Yonelinas, A. P., DeCarli, C. S., Fletcher, E. M., & Jagust, W. J. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.3.418 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Age‐related morphology trends of cortical sulci
Kochunov, P. V., Mangin, J., Coyle, T. R., Lancaster, J. L., Thompson, P. M., Rivière, D., Cointepas, Y., Régis, J. M., Schlosser, A. E., Royall, D. R., et al. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20198 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Wen, W., Sachdev, P. S., Li, J. J., Chen, X., & Anstey, K. J. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20586 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationSuo, C., Singh, M. F., Gates, N., Wen, W., Sachdev, P., Brodaty, H., Saigal, N., Wilson, G. C., Meiklejohn, J., Singh, N., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.19 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationMisdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Solomon, A. J., Naismith, R. T., & Cross, A. H. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006583 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Sachdev, P. S., Brodaty, H., Valenzuela, M., Lorentz, L., Looi, J. C., Berman, K., Ross, A., Wen, W., & Zagami, A. S. (2006) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000091434 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationA fully automated method for quantifying and localizing white matter hyperintensities on MR images
Wu, M., Rosano, C., Butters, M. A., Whyte, E. M., Nable, M., Crooks, R., MELTZER, C. C., Reynolds, C. F., & Aizenstein, H. J. (2006) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.09.003 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Progression of white matter hyperintensities in elderly individuals over 3 years
Sachdev, P. S., Wen, W. X., Chen, X., & Brodaty, H. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000251302.55202.73 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationGodin, O., Tzourio, C., Maillard, P., Mazoyer, B., & Dufouil, C. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.961052 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
FLAIR and Diffusion MRI Signals Are Independent Predictors of White Matter Hyperintensities
Maillard, P., Carmichael, O. T., Harvey, D. J., Fletcher, E. M., Reed, B., Mungas, D., & DeCarli, C. S. (2012) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a3146 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Lifespan age differences in working memory: A two-component framework
Sander, M. C., Lindenberger, U., & Werkle‐Bergner, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.004 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
White matter hyperintensities are related to physical disability and poor motor function
Sachdev, P. S. (2005) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.042945 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationHernández, M. D. C. V., Ferguson, K. J., Chappell, F. M., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2010) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-010-1718-6 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Automated measurement of brain and white matter lesion volume in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Jongen, C., van der Grond, J., Kappelle, L. J., Biessels, G. J., Viergever, M. A., Pluim, J. P. W., & on behalf of the Utrecht Diabetic Encephalopathy Study Group (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0688-y · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Brain Atrophy and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Prospective Follow-Up Study
Nitkunan, A., Lanfranconi, S., Charlton, R. A., Barrick, T. R., & Markus, H. S. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.594267 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Zhuang, L., Sachdev, P. S., Trollor, J. N., Reppermund, S., Kochan, N. A., Brodaty, H., & Wen, W. X. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058887 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperintense MRI lesions in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis and review
Beyer, J. L., Young, R. C., Kuchibhatla, M. N., & Krishnan, K. (2009) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260902962198 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Microstructural white matter changes in cognitively normal individuals at risk of amnestic MCI
Zhuang, L., Sachdev, P. S., Trollor, J. N., Kochan, N. A., Reppermund, S., Brodaty, H., & Wen, W. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182661f4d · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite matter integrity in mild cognitive impairment: A tract-based spatial statistics study
Zhuang, L., Wen, W. X., Zhu, W., Trollor, J. N., Kochan, N. A., Crawford, J., Reppermund, S., Brodaty, H., & Sachdev, P. S. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.068 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationBUNCE, D., ANSTEY, K., CHRISTENSEN, H., DEAR, K., WEN, W., & SACHDEV, P. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.006 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional white matter hyperintensities: aging, Alzheimer's disease risk, and cognitive function
Birdsill, A. C., Koscik, R. L., Jonaitis, E. M., Johnson, S. C., Okonkwo, O. C., Hermann, B. P., LaRue, A. A., Sager, M. A., & Bendlin, B. B. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.072 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Sex differences in the causes and consequences of white matter hyperintensities
Sachdev, P. S., Parslow, R., Wen, W., Anstey, K. J., & Easteal, S. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.08.023 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Dilated Perivascular Spaces With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia
Paradise, M., Crawford, J. D., Lam, B. C. P., Wen, W. X., Kochan, N. A., Makkar, S. R., Dawes, L. C., Trollor, J. N., Draper, B., Brodaty, H., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000011537 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationWen, W. X., Sachdev, P. S., Chen, X., & Anstey, K. J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.057 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationThe pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment
Markus, H. S., & Joutel, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2024 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
White matter lesions volume and motor performances in the elderly
Soumaré, A., Elbaz, A., Zhu, Y., Maillard, P., Crivello, F., Tavernier, B., Dufouil, C., Mazoyer, B. M., & Tzourio, C. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21674 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Homocysteine and the Brain in Midadult Life
Sachdev, P. S., Parslow, R., Salonikas, C., Lux, O., Wen, W. X., Kumar, R., Naidoo, D., Christensen, H. M., & Jorm, A. F. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.9.1369 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of white matter hyperintensities on neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment
Tosto, G., Zimmerman, M. E., Hamilton, J. L., Carmichael, O. T., Brickman, A. M., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.014 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Virtual brain twins: from basic neuroscience to clinical use
Wang, H., Triebkorn, P., Breyton, M., Dollomaja, B., Lemaréchal, J.-D., Petkoski, S., Sorrentino, P., Depannemaecker, D., Hashemi, M., & Jirsa, V. (2024) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwae079 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Jokinen, H., Ryberg, C., Kalska, H., Ylikoski, R., Rostrup, E., Stegmann, M. B., Waldemar, G., MADUREIRA, S., Ferro, J. M., van Straaten, E. C. W., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.096792 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Changing topological patterns in normal aging using large-scale structural networks
Zhu, W., Wen, W. X., Yong He, A., Xia, A., Anstey, K. J., & Sachdev, P. S. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.022 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationClose correlation between quantitative and qualitative assessments of white matter lesions
Valdés Hernández, M. D. C., Morris, Z., Dickie, D. A., Royle, N. A., Muñoz Maniega, S., Aribisala, B. S., Bastin, M. E., Deary, I. J., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2013) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000341859 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Jiang, J., Liu, T., Zhu, W., Koncz, R., Liu, H., Lee, T., Sachdev, P. S., & Wen, W. X. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.050 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationExtent and Distribution of White Matter Hyperintensities in Stroke Patients
Wen, W. X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000147034.25760.3d · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Brain Reserve Hypothesis, Brain Atrophy and Aging
Christensen, H., Anstey, K., Parslow, R., Maller, J., Mackinnon, A., & Sachdev, P. (2006) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000096482 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationTraumatic brain injury, major depression, and diffusion tensor imaging: Making connections
Maller, J. J., Thomson, R. H., Lewis, P., Rose, S., Pannek, K., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2010) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Characterization of White Matter Hyperintensities in Large-Scale MRI-Studies
Frey, B. M., Petersen, M., Mayer, C., Schulz, M., Cheng, B., & Thomalla, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00238 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Maillard, P., Delcroix, N., Crivello, F., Dufouil, C., Gicquel, S., Joliot, M., Tzourio‐Mazoyer, N., Alpérovitch, A., Tzourio, C., & Mazoyer, B. M. (2007) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-007-0312-3 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Pulmonary Function, Cognitive Impairment and Brain Atrophy in a Middle-Aged Community Sample
Sachdev, P. S., Anstey, K. J., Parslow, R. A., Wen, W., Maller, J. J., Kumar, R., Christensen, H. M., & Jorm, A. F. (2006) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000091438 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationde Laat, K. F., van den Berg, H. A. C., van Norden, A. G. W., Gons, R. A. R., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., & de Leeuw, F. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.596122 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Neuropsychiatric Study of Elderly Twins: The Older Australian Twins Study
Sachdev, P. S., Lammél, A., Trollor, J. N., Lee, T., Wright, M. J., Ames, D. J., Wen, W. X., Martin, N. G., Brodaty, H., & Schofield, P. R. (2009) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.12.6.573 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationFornari, E., Maeder, P. P., Meuli, R. A., Ghika, J. A., & Knyazeva, M. G. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.014 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Progression of cerebral white matter lesions — Clinical and radiological considerations
Enzinger, C., Fazekas, F., Ropele, S., & Schmidt, R. (2007) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.018 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Blanco-Rojas, L., Arboix, A., Cánovas, D., Grau-Olivares, M., Oliva, J. C., & Parra, O. (2013) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-203 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Zheng, J. J. J., Lord, S. R., Close, J., Sachdev, P. S., Wen, W., Brodaty, H., & Delbaere, K. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls063 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationComputer-Aided Diagnosis Systems for Brain Diseases in Magnetic Resonance Images
Arimura, H., Magome, T., Yamashita, Y., & Yamamoto, D. (2009) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a2030925 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Roseborough, A. D., Saad, L., Goodman, M., Cipriano, L. E., Hachinski, V. C., & Whitehead, S. N. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12642 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of lacunar infarcts in a community sample.
Chen, X., Wen, W., Anstey, K. J., & Sachdev, P. S. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181aa52ea · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond BOLD: Optimizing functional imaging in stroke populations
Veldsman, M., Cumming, T. B., & Brodtmann, A. G. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22711 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Papadopoulos, K. P., Kelley, R. K., Tolcher, A. W., Razak, A. R. A., Loon, K. V., Patnaik, A., Bedard, P. L., Alfaro, A. A., Beeram, M., Adriaens, L., et al. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1221 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Current Concepts of Analysis of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Yoshita, M., Fletcher, E. M., & DeCarli, C. S. (2005) · Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1097/01.rmr.0000245456.98029.a8 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Schulz, M., Malherbe, C., Cheng, B., Thomalla, G., & Schlemm, E. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-01962-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Anstey, K. J., Jorm, A. F., Réglade‐Meslin, C., Maller, J. J., Kumar, R., von Sanden, C., Windsor, T. D., Rodgers, B., Wen, W. X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2006) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000237779.56500.af · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationContrast-Based Fully Automatic Segmentation of White Matter Hyperintensities: Method and Validation
Samaille, T., Fillon, L., Cuingnet, R., Jouvent, É., Chabriat, H., Dormont, D., Olivier Colliot, A., & Marie Chupin, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048953 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Spilt, A., Goekoop, R., Westendorp, R. G. J., Blauw, G. J., de Craen, A. J. M., & van Buchem, M. A. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 67 · see citing works
MRI Hyperintensities and Depressive Symptoms in a Community Sample of Individuals 60–64 Years Old
Jorm, A. F., Anstey, K. J., Christensen, H. M., de Plater, G., Kumar, R., Wen, W. X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.699 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationLesion probability maps of white matter hyperintensities in elderly individuals
Enzinger, C., Smith, S. M., Fazekas, F., Drevin, G. R., Ropele, S., Nichols, T. E., Behrens, T. E. J., Schmidt, R., & Matthews, P. M. (2006) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0164-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Godin, O., Tzourio, C., Rouaud, O., Zhu, Y., Maillard, P., Pasquier, F., Crivello, F., Alpérovitch, A., Mazoyer, B. M., & Dufouil, C. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1389 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lifespan mental activity predicts diminished rate of hippocampal atrophy
Valenzuela, M., Brodaty, H., Wen, W., Chen, X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2009) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.05.284 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationMaller, J. J., Réglade‐Meslin, C., Anstey, K. J., & Sachdev, P. S. (2005) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20133 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite matter hyperintensities segmentation: a new semi-automated method
Iorio, M., Spalletta, G., Chiapponi, C., Luccichenti, G., Cacciari, C., Orfei, M. D., Caltagirone, C., & Piras, F. (2013) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00076 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Bunce, D. J., Anstey, K. J., Cherbuin, N., Burns, R. A., Christensen, H. M., Wen, W. X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013567 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationFeugeas, M. C. H., de Marco, G., Idy-Peretti, I., Godon-Hardy, S., Frédy, D., & Schouman‐Claeys, E. (2005) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2005.09.002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
In vivo vascular hallmarks of diffuse leukoaraiosis
Uh, J., Yezhuvath, U. S., Cheng, Y., & Lu, H. (2010) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.22209 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Multi-stage segmentation of white matter hyperintensity, cortical and lacunar infarcts
Wang, Y., Catindig, J. A., Hilal, S., Soon, H. W., Ting, E. Y., Wong, T. Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Chen, C., & Qiu, A. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.034 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Soriano-Raya, J. J., Miralbell, J., Elena López-Cancio, M., Bargalló, N., Arenillas, J. F., Barrios, M., Cáceres, C. M., Torán‐Monserrat, P., Alzamora, M. T., Dávalos, A., et al. (2012) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617712000677 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kumar, R., Anstey, K. J., Cherbuin, N., Wen, W. X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31818b40fc · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationLummel, N., Boeckh‐Behrens, T., Schoepf, V., Burke, M., Brückmann, H., & Linn, J. (2010) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-010-0736-z · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Extreme Deep White Matter Hyperintensity Volumes Are Associated with African American Race
Nyquist, P., Bilgel, M., Gottesman, R. F., Yanek, L. R., Moy, T. F., Becker, L. C., Cuzzocreo, J. L., Prince, J. L., Yousem, D. M., Becker, D. M., et al. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000358117 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The relationship between cortical sulcal variability and cognitive performance in the elderly
Liu, T., Wen, W. X., Zhu, W., Kochan, N. A., Trollor, J. N., Reppermund, S., Jin, J. S., Luo, S., Brodaty, H., & Sachdev, P. S. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.015 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite Matter Hyperintensities Are Under Strong Genetic Influence
Sachdev, P. S., Thalamuthu, A., Mather, K. A., Ames, D. J., Wright, M. J., Wen, W. X., Bowden, J. L., Lee, T., Brodaty, H., Crawford, J., et al. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.012532 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationMR imaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury with persistent neurological impairment
Trifan, G., Gattu, R., Haacke, E. M., Kou, Z., & Benson, R. R. (2016) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
MRI-based evaluation of structural degeneration in the ageing brain: Pathophysiology and assessment
Grajauskas, L. A., Siu, W. W. Y., Medvedev, G., Guo, H., D’Arcy, R. C. N., & Song, X. (2018) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
White matter hyperintensities in mid-adult life
Sachdev, P. S., Chen, X., & Wen, W. X. (2008) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3282f945d5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationSegmentation of age-related white matter changes in a clinical multi-center study
Dyrby, T. B., Rostrup, E., Baaré, W. F. C., van Straaten, E. C. W., Barkhof, F., Vrenken, H., Ropele, S., Schmidt, R., Erkinjuntti, T., Wahlund, L., et al. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.024 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Levy-Cooperman, N., Ramirez, J., Lobaugh, N. J., & Black, S. E. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.498196 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of white matter astrocytes in the human brain
Bugiani, M., Plug, B. C., Man, J. H. K., Breur, M., & van der Knaap, M. S. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02391-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Associations between APOE genotype and cerebral small-vessel disease: a longitudinal study
Luo, X., Initiative, A. D. N., Jiaerken, Y., Yu, X., Huang, P., Qiu, T., Jia, Y., Li, K., Xu, X., Shen, Z., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17724 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Brain Region-Based Deep Medullary Veins Visual Score on Susceptibility Weighted Imaging
Zhang, R., Zhou, Y., Yan, S., Zhong, G., Liu, C., Jiaerken, Y., Song, R., Yu, X., Zhang, M., & Lou, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00269 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Bendfeldt, K., Blumhagen, J. O., Egger, H., Loetscher, P., Denier, N., Küster, P., Traud, S., Mueller‐Lenke, N., Naegelin, Y., Gass, A., et al. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20951 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Olsson, E., Klasson, N., Berge, J., Eckerström, C., Edman, Å., Malmgren, H., & Wallin, A. (2013) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2013/198471 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Structural brain imaging in diabetes: A methodological perspective
Jongen, C., & Biessels, G. J. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.085 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wen, W., & Sachdev, P.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Sachdev, Perminder
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-154
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070268750
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 9.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of New South Wales
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- white matter hyperintensities, periventricular white matter, deep white matter hyperintensities, FLAIR MRI, lenticulostriate arteries, white matter volume, middle-aged adults, sex differences, prevalence, white matter disease
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Australia, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Arteries, Education, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reference Values, Sex Characteristics, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
