Age and disease related changes in the translocator protein (TSPO) system in the human brain: Positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]vinpocetine
Abstract
Backgrounds and purpose The main objectives of the present study were (i) to measure density changes of activated microglia and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor/translocator protein (TSPO) system during normal ageing in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) using the TSPO molecular imaging biomarker [(11)C]vinpocetine and (ii) to compare the level and pattern of TSPO in Alzheimer (AD) patients with age matched healthy subjects, in order to assess the biomarker's usefulness as a diagnostic imaging marker in normal (ageing) and pathological (AD) up-regulation of microglia.Methods and subjects PET measurements were made in healthy volunteers, aged between 25 and 78 years, and AD patients, aged between 67 and 82 years, using [(11)C]vinpocetine as the tracer. Global and regional quantitative parameters of tracer uptake and binding, including time activity curves (TAC) of standard uptake values (%SUV), binding affinity parameters, intensity spectrum and homogeneity of the uptake distribution were measured and analysed.Results Both %SUV and binding values increased with age linearly in the whole brain and in all brain regions. There were no significant differences between the %SUV values of the AD patients and age matched control subjects. There were, however, significant differences in %SUV values in a large number of brain regions between young subjects and old subjects, as well as young subjects and AD patients. The intensity spectrum analysis and homogeneity analysis of the voxel data show that the homogeneity of the %SUV values decreases with ageing and during the disease, whereas the centre of the intensity spectrum is shifted to higher %SUV values. These data indicate an inhomogeneous up-regulation of the TSPO system during ageing and AD. These changes were significant between the group of young subjects and old subjects, as well as young subjects and AD patients, but not between old subjects and AD patients.Conclusions The present data indicate that [(11)C]vinpocetine may serve as a molecular imaging biomarker of the activity of the TSPO system and, consequently, of the up-regulation of microglia during ageing and in neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the global and regional brain %SUV values between AD patients and age matched controls are not different from each other. The disease specific changes, measured with [(11)C]vinpocetine in AD, are significantly different from those measured in age matched controls only if the inhomogeneities in the uptake pattern are explored with advanced mathematical techniques. For this reason, PET studies using [(11)C]vinpocetine, as molecular imaging biomarker, can efficiently visualise the activation of microglia and the up-regulation of TSPO during ageing and in diseased brains with the help of an appropriate inhomogeneity analysis of the radioligand's brain uptake pattern.
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Several PET scan studies have revealed increased receptor binding of the TSPO ligands, R-[11C]PK11195 and [11C]vinpocetine, in the cortical and subcortical brain regions of healthy elderly participants.
“Several PET scan studies have revealed increased receptor binding of the TSPO ligands, R-[ 11 C]PK11195 and [ 11 C]vinpocetine, in the cortical and subcortical brain regions of healthy elderly participants (Gulyas et al, 2011;Schuitemaker et al, 2012).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Gulyas et al, 2011
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- Authors
- Gulyás, B., Vas, Á., Tóth, M., Takano, A., Varrone, A., Cselényi, Z., Schain, M., Mattsson, P., & Halldin, C.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Gedeon Richter (Hungary) (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Gulyás, Balázs
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1111-1121
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099480013
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- translocator protein (TSPO), Alzheimer's disease, brain aging, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, molecular imaging biomarkers, neurodegeneration biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Isotope Labeling, Male, Middle Aged, Vinca Alkaloids, Receptors, GABA, Radiopharmaceuticals, Positron-Emission Tomography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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