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Cited by 373Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsPharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and EffectsAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (Translocator protein 18kDa) in microglia: From pathology to imaging

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Venneti, Sriram, Lopresti, Brian J., Wiley, Clayton A.·2006·Progress in Neurobiology
DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.10.002PMC PMC1849976
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Abstract

Microglia constitute the primary resident immune surveillance cell in the brain and are thought to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and HIV-associated dementia. Measuring microglial activation in vivo in patients suffering from these diseases may help chart progression of neuroinflammation as well as assess efficacy of therapies designed to modulate neuroinflammation. Recent studies suggest that activated microglia in the CNS may be detected in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing pharmacological ligands of the mitochondrial peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR (recently renamed as Translocator protein (18kDa)). Beginning with the molecular characterization of PBR and regulation in activated microglia, we examine the rationale behind using PBR ligands to image microglia with PET. Current evidence suggests these findings might be applied to the development of clinical assessments of microglial activation in neurological disorders.

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  • Immunohistochemical determination of TSPO expression in the human CNS would be an adjunctive means of studying TSPO.

    “Immunohistochemical determination of TSPO expression in the human CNS would be an adjunctive means of studying TSPO [14].”

    From Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain (2009) · cites this paper as [14]

    In the section on PBR in CNS disease (page not provided), the review describes combining autoradiography with immunohistochemistry for astrocytes and microglia. It also calls for comparing human histopathologic data with ligand-binding studies. This supports histology as an adjunct, but the cited passages do not establish immunohistochemical determination of TSPO expression itself in the human CNS. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • PET studies show generally increased retention of [11C]-PK11195 in various neurodegenerative conditions including HIVE, SIVE, AD, Huntington's disease, MS, PD, stroke, ALS, and CNS neoplasms.

    “PET studies show that there is generally an increased retention of [11C]-PK11195 in various neurodegenerative conditions including HIV encephalitis (HIVE), and its simian model SIV encephalitis (SIVE), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and CNS neoplasms (see [14;15] for review).”

    From Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain (2009) · cites this paper as [14]

    Table 1 (in the indexed section labeled “Abstract > 1.0 MICROGLIA IN HEALTH AND DISEASE”; page unavailable) reports increased [11C]-PK11195 retention for SIVE, AD, Huntington’s disease, MS, PD, stroke and ALS, and higher binding in glioblastoma. It does not establish the same finding specifically for human HIV encephalitis (HIVE): its human studies are labeled HIV infection, and one reports no increase in the group studied. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In the human CNS, microglia and endothelial cells have been shown to express TSPO readily.

    “In the human CNS, microglia and endothelial cells have been shown to express TSPO readily ([31] and see [14] for review).”

    From Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain (2009) · cites this paper as [14]

    Section 2.1.2 says PBR (TSPO) was detected in microglia, and section 2.1.3 discusses microglial PBR-ligand binding in brain tissue, including multiple sclerosis. The passages do not establish TSPO expression in endothelial cells of the human CNS, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Traditional autoradiography studies of postmortem tissues confirm that TSPO binding sites are increased in many neurodegenerative diseases and that these binding sites are primarily in microglia.

    “Traditional autoradiography studies of postmortem tissues confirm that TSPO binding sites are increased in many of these diseases and that these binding sites are primarily in microglia.”

    From Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain (2009) · cites this paper as [14]

  • TSPO has become recognized as a marker of in vivo neuroinflammation.

    “and thus has become recognized as a marker of in vivo neuroinflammation (Banati et al., 2000; Venneti et al., 2006; Colasanti et al., 2014).”

    From A quantitative neuropathological assessment of translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis (2019) · cites this paper as Venneti et al., 2006

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Venneti, S., Lopresti, B. J., & Wiley, C. A.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Wiley, Clayton A.
ORCID
Venue
Progress in Neurobiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-12
Volume
80
Issue
6
Pages
308-322
ISSN
0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.10.002
PMC
PMC1849976
OpenAlex
W2053801699
Cited by
373
References
18
Citations by year
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FWCI
1.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH064921, K24MH001717, R01MH071151)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
translocator protein (TSPO), microglia, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, positron emission tomography, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, HIV-associated dementia
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Humans, Radionuclide Imaging, Receptors, GABA-A, Microglia, Radiopharmaceuticals, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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