The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 12 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators
Open accessAbstract
There is mounting evidence that mindfulness meditation is beneficial for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, yet little is known regarding the neural mechanisms through which mindfulness modulates emotional responses. Thus, a central objective of this functional magnetic resonance imaging study was to investigate the effects of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotionally laden stimuli. Another major goal of this study was to examine the impact of the extent of mindfulness training on the brain mechanisms supporting the processing of emotional stimuli. Twelve experienced (with over 1000. h of practice) and 10 beginner meditators were scanned as they viewed negative, positive, and neutral pictures in a mindful state and a non-mindful state of awareness. Results indicated that the Mindful condition attenuated emotional intensity perceived from pictures, while brain imaging data suggested that this effect was achieved through distinct neural mechanisms for each group of participants. For experienced meditators compared with beginners, mindfulness induced a deactivation of default mode network areas (medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices) across all valence categories and did not influence responses in brain regions involved in emotional reactivity during emotional processing. On the other hand, for beginners relative to experienced meditators, mindfulness induced a down-regulation of the left amygdala during emotional processing. These findings suggest that the long-term practice of mindfulness leads to emotional stability by promoting acceptance of emotional states and enhanced present-moment awareness, rather than by eliciting control over low-level affective cerebral systems from higher-order cortical brain regions. These results have implications for affect-related psychological disorders. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
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42 Own result · 23 Own interpretation · 14 No full text of the sources · 13 Own method · 5 Partly supported · 4 Supported · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 1 Sources not found · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Compassion meditation also induced increased amygdalar activation while listening to emotional and neutral sounds for experienced meditators relative to beginners.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Lutz et al. (2008) source
The Abstract reports increased amygdala activation in experts compared with novices during compassion meditation versus rest in response to all sounds. The study presented both emotional and neutral sounds, so this supports the cited paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This effect was more pronounced and widespread in individuals having completed an 8-week MSBR program compared to a control group.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Farb et al. (2007) source
The Narrative self-focus results report pervasive mPFC deactivations during experiential focus in the mindfulness-trained group, compared with more restricted reductions in novices. ROI analyses found significant ventral and dorsal mPFC reductions in the trained group but not the novice group. Materials and Methods identifies the training as an eight-week MBSR program. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
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In the paper
“some neuroimaging studies suggest that long-term mindfulness meditation training can lead to decreased activation in prefrontal cortical areas, particularly the MPFC (Farb et al., 2007;Grant et al., 2011).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Farb et al., 2007 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and Narrative self-focus section report more marked mPFC reductions during experiential versus narrative focus in participants who had completed an eight-week mindfulness course. The Discussion explicitly says the study lacked a pre/post design and cannot establish that training caused the difference; it also leaves open whether mPFC suppression is a lasting effect or a temporary, task-dependent one. Thus the source supports the mPFC activation finding, but not its attribution to long-term training as a causal effect. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grant et al., 2011 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“the premise that meditation stabilizes emotion by not evaluating or appraising salient stimuli is in line with the prefrontal deactivations reported during mindfulness (Farb et al., 2007;Grant et al., 2011).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Farb et al., 2007 source
The Abstract reports more marked reductions in medial prefrontal cortex activity during experiential focus in mindfulness-trained participants. The Discussion links this shift to observing thoughts and feelings with less judgment of their affective value, consistent with the cited neural finding. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grant et al., 2011 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“individuals high in neuroticism are more reactive (physiologically and subjectively) to negative and positive emotional stimuli than individuals who are emotionally stable (Norris et al., 2007).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Norris et al., 2007 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Skin Conductance Reactivity results (p. 824) show greater physiological responses among participants higher in neuroticism to both pleasant and unpleasant pictures than to neutral pictures. The Discussion also describes more intense emotional reactions to stressors, but the study did not establish greater subjective reactivity to both positive and negative pictures; its picture-valence ratings were normative rather than participants’ reported reactions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“our findings indicate that during the processing of positive emotional stimuli, mindfulness induced deactivation in brain areas involved in addiction, awareness of interoceptive states of urges and pleasure, and reactivity to positive stimuli (amygdala, hippocampus, insula, basal ganglia; Craig, 2004;Everitt et al., 1999;Haruno et al., 2004;Naqvi and Bechara, 2010;Phillips and Ledoux, 1992;Prado-A”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Craig, 2004 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Everitt et al., 1999 source
- Partly supportedcites Haruno et al., 2004 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The fMRI study’s Subtraction analysis reports basal ganglia activation during a reward-based decision task and right amygdala activation under one task rule. It does not establish roles for the listed areas in addiction, awareness of urges or pleasure, or reactivity to positive emotional stimuli. The mindfulness-related deactivation is presented as the citing authors’ own finding, not a finding attributed to Haruno et al. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This increased prefrontal cortical activation detected for beginner meditators, relative to experienced meditators, resembles to a notable extent brain activation patterns found during voluntary regulation of emotion (Beauregard et al., 2001;Levesque et al., 2003;Ochsner et al., 2002;Ochsner and Gross, 2005).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Beauregard et al., 2001 source
The Discussion reports activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during voluntary inhibition of sexual arousal. The beginner-versus-experienced meditator comparison is the citing authors’ own finding; this source is cited for the emotion-regulation activation pattern. No page number is identifiable in the supplied passage. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Levesque et al., 2003 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ochsner et al., 2002 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For experienced meditators compared with beginners, mindfulness induced a deactivation of default mode network areas (medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices) across all valence categories”
- Also stated in: § Condition × Group interaction · plain
“Mindfulness-induced deactivations were found in the right MPFC (BA 10, k = 51, t = 3.75, Z = 3.63, x = 11, y = 53, z = 11, P (FWE) = .040,d = 0.69) and right PCC (BA 29, k = 10, t = 3.34, Z = 3.26, x = 10, y = -48, z = 17, P (FWE) = .023,d = 0.61) for experienced relative to beginners.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Condition × Group interaction · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and did not influence responses in brain regions involved in emotional reactivity during emotional processing.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results indicated that the Mindful condition attenuated emotional intensity perceived from pictures”
- Also stated in: § Self-report data · plain
“pictures viewed in the Mindful condition (M =1.29; SD=0.57) were rated as less emotionally intense than those viewed at Baseline (M =1.53; SD= 0.59).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § Self-report data · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant effect of Group (F(1, 18) = 0.63, p = .438)was found.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“negative pictures viewed in a state of mindfulness were rated as less intense (M = 1.93,SD = 0.65) than negative pictures viewed in a normal state (M = 2.16, SD = 0.71).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Negative pictures (p b .0001,M = 2.08; SD= 0.65) and positive pictures (p b .001,M =1.64; SD=0.67) were rated as more emotionally intense than neutral pictures (M =0.52; SD= 0.41).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A similar effect was found for positive pictures (F(1, 18) = 6.23, p = .015,η 2 = .25;M = 2.79, SD = 0.64 for the Baseline condition; M = 2.43, SD = 0.71, for the Mindful condition).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, for beginners relative to experienced meditators, mindfulness induced a down-regulation of the left amygdala during emotional processing.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“experienced meditators had BOLD signal increases (two-sample t-test) in the left LPFC (BA 9), MPFC (BA 9), left OFC (BA 47), hippocampus, left putamen, and left amygdala.Other loci of activation were found in the right rostro-dorsal ACC (BA 32), right caudate nucleus, and left anterior and posterior insula (BA 13/14).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mindfulness induced increased activity in a superior portion of the medial frontal gyrus (BA 8) in beginners.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the fact that mindfulness did not influence amygdala responses for experienced meditators during emotional processing”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the fact that group differences in emotional intensity ratings failed to reach statistical significance”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During positive emotional processing, mindfulness induced deactivations (at a more liberal threshold of p b 0.005 uncorrected) in the left amygdala for beginners vs. experienced meditators (Table 1).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No between-group differences were observed for this contrast.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As for the beginner meditators, BOLD signal increases were noted in the rostro-dorsal ACC (BA 24/32), LPFC (BA 9), MPFC (BA 9), right anterior insula (BA 14), left anterior and posterior insula (BA 13/14), OFC (BA 47), PCC (BA 31), caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, and amygdala.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During negative emotional processing, Mindfulness induced deactivationsfor beginners relative to experienced meditatorsin the left amygdala (k = 16, t = 2.96, Z = 2.90, x = -27, y = -1, z = -18, P(FWE) = .055,d = 0.54).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When examining group differences by collapsing across Conditions and Valence categories, beginners exhibited increased activity in the left lingual gyrus (BA 18/17), left fusiform gyrus (BA 37), left OFC (BA 47), right hippocampus, PCC (BA 29/31), and thalami (Table 2).”
- Also stated in: § Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners · plain
“across all conditions and emotional categories, beginners exhibited increased activity in the PCC (BA 29/31), left OFC (BA 47), hippocampus, thalamus, as well as the left fusiform and lingual gyri (BA 17/18/37).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Group
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- Also stated in: § Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only between-group difference for this contrast was a greater activation in the rostro-ventral ACC (BA 25) for beginner relative to experienced meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mindfulness-induced activations were found for experienced meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Condition × Group interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Beginner meditators showed BOLD signal increases in the MPFC (BA 9), LPFC (BA 9), left rostro-dorsal ACC (BA 32), hippocampus, OFC (BA 47), anterior insula (BA 14), and, though at a more liberal threshold (p b .007), the amygdala.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, mindfulness induced a deactivation of the amygdala during the processing of negative and positive emotional stimuli for beginners relative to experienced meditators.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“for beginners relative to experienced meditators, mindfulness induced a down-regulation of the left amygdala, a key emotional processing cerebral structure, during negative and positive emotional processing.”
- Also stated in: § Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners · plain
“our results revealed amygdala deactivations for beginners relative to experienced meditators during the processing of emotional stimuli in the Mindful condition.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Group
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During positive emotional processing, no mindfulnessinduced activations between or within groups were noted.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mindfulness induced decreased activity in the MPFC (BA 10) and PCC (BA 29) activity across all Valence categories for experienced meditators relative to beginners.”
- Also stated in: § Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners · plain
“mindfulness was associated with decreased activation in the right MPFC (BA 10) in experienced meditators relative to beginners.”
- Also stated in: § Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners · plain
“the mindful condition led to the deactivation of another brain area, the PCC (BA 29), for experienced relative to beginner meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Group
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Experienced meditators did not exhibit any increased activations relative to beginners for this contrast.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Group
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mindfulness-induced deactivations were found in the right MPFC (BA 10, k = 51, t = 3.75, Z = 3.63, x = 11, y = 53, z = 11, P (FWE) = .040,d = 0.69) and right PCC (BA 29, k = 10, t = 3.34, Z = 3.26, x = 10, y = -48, z = 17, P (FWE) = .023,d = 0.61) for experienced relative to beginners.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Condition × Group interaction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Behavioral response data revealed that mindfulness attenuated emotional intensity perceived from all valence categories of pictures across the entire sample of participants”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
“Mindfulness significantly reduced emotional intensity scores across Groups and Valence categories.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Conclusions · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mindfulness-induced deactivations during positive emotional processing were noted when contrasting experienced vs. beginner meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When collapsing across Groups and Valence categories, no mindfulness-induced deactivations were observed.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Main effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mindfulness did not induce any deactivations in beginners across Valence categories (Fig. 3).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Condition × Group interaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With respect to mindfulness-induced activations, no significant loci were observed within each group and betweengroups.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No Mindfulness-induced deactivations during negative emotional processing were observed when contrasting experienced vs. beginner meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For experienced meditators, mindfulness-induced deactivations during negative emotional processing were observed (at a more liberal threshold of p b 0.005) in the left LPFC (BA 9/46, k = 33, t = 3.33, Z = 3.25, x = -36, y = 30, z = 15, P (uncorr.)= .001,d = 0.61), though this was a sub-threshold trend.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“experienced meditators exhibited BOLD signal increases (two-sample t-test) in the LPFC (BA 9), MPFC (BA 9), OFC (BA 11/47), rostro-dorsal ACC (BA 32/24), anterior insula (BA 14), hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen, left amygdala and, though at a more liberal threshold (p b .005uncorrected), right amygdala.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, mindfulness induced activations were observed, at a threshold of p b .005uncorrected, in the right MPFC/LPFC (BA 8, k = 258, t = 3.83, z = 3.71, x = 31, y = 20, z = 38, P (FWE) = .055,d = 0.67) and left MPFC/LPFC (BA 8, k = 231, t = 3.63, z = 3.53, x = -26, y = 22, z = 43, P (FWE) = .070,d = 0.70).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Main effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“brain imaging data suggested that this effect was achieved through distinct neural mechanisms for each group of participants.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“experienced meditators exhibited decreased activation in several brain regions involved in executive control and emotional appraisal, including the MPFC, LPFC, and amygdala compared to nonmeditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grant et al., 2011 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Focused-breathing typically practiced during mindfulness has been shown to promote emotional self-regulation by reducing reactivity to emotionally laden pictures (positive and negative) (Arch and Craske, 2006).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Arch and Craske, 2006 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that these mindfulness-induced deactivations were observed in beginners, but not in experienced meditators, further supports the notion that beginners were actively down-regulating their emotional responses.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mindfulness may constitute an emotion regulatory strategy that targets cognitive processes related to the acceptance, interpretation and evaluation of emotional responses rather than voluntary emotional inhibition or modulation.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Essentially, these findings indicate that mindfulness constitutes an efficient strategy to promote emotional stability.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“beginners may have had a general tendency to attribute semantic meaning to the pictorial stimuli, which may have triggered enhanced emotional memory retrieval throughout the viewing of the pictures relative to experienced meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the greater MPFC (BA 10) deactivation observed here in experienced relative to beginner meditators during the Mindful condition may reflect greater acceptance of affective states in response to the presented stimuli, as well as disengagement of appraisal and thought-related processes for individuals with extensive meditation experience.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the fact that group differences in emotional intensity ratings failed to reach statistical significance may imply that mindfulness constitutes an efficient emotional self-regulation strategy for both highly experienced meditators and individuals having practiced mindfulness meditation for a short period of time.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This finding suggests that beginners may have actually taken a more active strategy to down-regulate emotion during the Mindful condition.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“functional brain imaging data indicated that this attenuation was achieved via distinct neural mechanisms for each group.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the fact that a mindful state of awareness attenuated emotional intensity perceived from positive pictures and did not specifically apply to negative pictures may reflect the fact that mindfulness endogenously enhances mood states (Zeidan et al., 2010;Wallace and Shapiro, 2006).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the present findings suggest that mindful awareness fosters a more adaptive, relaxed, and objective manner of responding to emotional situations as opposed to habitual, automatic, and conditioned reaction patterns.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“our results are in line with evidence that mindfulness is beneficial for individuals with anxiety-related clinical disorders and traits (Baer, 2003).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baer, 2003 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“increased activity in visual areas in the ventral processing stream have also been reported in a number of studies examining emotional processing using visual stimuli (Kober et al., 2008;Gross, 2007), which may indicate general enhanced attention, saliency, and visual processing to environmental stimuli for beginners compared with experienced meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kober et al., 2008 source
- Not matchedcites Gross, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 25
- It may state two separate claims as one. 35
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“the MBSR program led to reduced activation in regions associated with autobiographical memory and increased activity in the right insula (Farb et al., 2010).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Farb et al., 2010 source
The Discussion reports reduced activation in cortical midline regions associated with autobiographical memory retrieval in the mindfulness-training group. The Results (‘Deactivating regions’) report greater signal in a region extending into the right insula than in controls, clarifying that this relative increase reflected less sadness-related deactivation, not new activation. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“They found increased right insular activation for experienced meditators, relative to beginners, during a state of compassion meditation while listening to negative emotional sounds (compared to emotionally positive sounds).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Lutz et al. (2008) source
The Results report a right-insula Group-by-State-by-Valence interaction: experts showed a stronger response to negative than positive sounds during compassion meditation relative to rest, compared with novices. The Abstract also states that, during meditation, insula activation for negative versus positive sounds was greater in experts than novices. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“it has been demonstrated that mindfulness-based clinical interventions have beneficial outcomes on the treatment of affect-related psychopathology, including major depression (Bondolfi et al., 2010;Teasdale et al., 2000) and anxiety disorders (Goldin and Gross, 2010;Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992;Kim et al., 2009).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Bondolfi et al., 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion report that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly delayed relapse in patients in remission from recurrent major depression, but did not significantly reduce the 14-month relapse rate. This supports a benefit for depression relapse prevention, not a general claim about treating active major depression. The citing sentence attributes the anxiety-disorder claim to other sources, not Bondolfi et al. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Teasdale et al., 2000 source
- Supportedcites Goldin and Gross, 2010 source
Goldin and Gross are cited for the anxiety-disorders portion of the sentence, not the major-depression portion. The Results (Clinical Results) report decreased social anxiety and state anxiety after MBSR in patients with social anxiety disorder; the Discussion (Clinical Measures) likewise describes reduced social-anxiety symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.90)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Farb et al. (2007) found that an experiential focus condition (monitoring the self in terms of present-moment circumstances) was associated with deactivations of the ventral and dorsal MPFC compared with a narrative self-focus task (monitoring the self in terms of self-descriptive traits).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Farb et al. (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Narrative self-focus results (Figure 3) report reduced ventral and dorsal mPFC activity during experiential versus narrative focus, but only in the mindfulness-trained group. The citing sentence omits that qualification; the paper says the reductions were not significant in novices. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the Group × Condition (F(1, 18) = 0.72, p = .382),Group × Valence × Condition (F(1, 18) = 0.45, p = .747),or Valence × Condition (F(1, 18) = 1.94, p = .17,η 2 = .170)interactions were not significant.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Surprisingly, the effect of mindfulness did not apply specifically to any valence category or to either group (i.e., no significant interactions were found between condition, valence, or group).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For beginners, but not experienced meditators, mindfulness induced increased activity in the right medial frontal gyrus (BA 8, k = 486, t =4.86, Z =4.63, x=29, y=20, z =40, P(FWE)= .011,d =0.89), the left medial frontal gyrus (BA 8, k = 218, t =3.98, Z =3.85, x=-26, y=22, z=43, P(FWE) = .007,d = 0.85), the right PCC (BA 31, k =84, t =4.34, Z =4.17, x=11, y=-50, z =22, P(FWE) =.006, d =0.80)”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Condition × Group interaction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Within-group analyses revealed that for beginners, but not for experienced meditators, mindfulness induced deactivations in the amygdala, right posterior insula (BA 13), putamen, left anterior insula (BA 13), caudate nucleus, left hippocampus, and right ACC (BA 24).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No mindfulness-induced deactivations were observed for experienced meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Finally, for all activation loci reported, Cohen's D effect sizes (d) ranged from 0.54 to 1.24, which constitute medium to large effects according to established benchmarks (small: 0.20, medium: 0.50, large: 0.80; Cohen, 1992).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Group
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cohen, 1992 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“revealing mindfulness-induced deactivations (at a more liberal threshold of p b 0.005 uncorrected) in the left amygdala (k = 22, t = 3.82, Z = 3.70, x = -27, y = -1, z = -18, P (FWE) = .010,d = 0.70) and right amygdala (k = 13, t = 3.53, Z = 3.43, x = 27, y = -1, z = -16, P(FWE) = .012,d = 0.65) for beginners, but not for experienced meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data Emotional processing at Baseline
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analyses with the number of hours of meditation practice on the contrasts reported above were also computed, but no significant activations for either group, nor between groups were found”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Group
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For experienced meditators, mindfulness induced a deactivation of the right MPFC (though this was a sub-threshold trend at a more liberal threshold of p b .005)(BA 10, k = 36, t = 3.14, Z = 3.07, x = 13, y = 49, z = 9, P (uncorr.)= .001,d = 0.58) in experienced, but not in beginner meditators.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Condition × Group interaction
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For neutral pictures, a significant effect of mindfulness was also found (F(1, 18) = 5.40, p = .031,η 2 = .22;M = 0.62, SD = 0.49 for the Baseline condition; M = 0.44, SD = 0.37, for the Mindful condition), but this result may have been due to the little variability observed for neutral pictures”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mindfulness was shown to be associated with increased MPFC/LPFC activation and reduced amygdalar activation during affect labeling”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Creswell et al., 2007 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mindfulness meditation practiced following a sad mood induction was also shown to decrease dysphoric mood states (Broderick, 2005).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Broderick, 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Volumes deviating in translation by more than 3 mm, which only occurred at the very beginning or very end of a given session, were considered outliers and were excluded from the analyses.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data acquisition and analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant between-group differences with respect to age (p N 0.05) or to the ratio of male/female participants (p N 0.05).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No univariate or multivariate outliers were detected.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Stimuli and experimental procedure
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Creswell et al. (2007) found that participants high in trait mindfulness also had negative correlations between areas of the PFC (MPFC and LPFC) and the right amygdala, but not those low in trait mindfulness.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Creswell et al. (2007) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All variables were normally distributed, with skewness and kurtosis values ranging from -1.5 to 1.5.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Stimuli and experimental procedure
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that the long-term practice of mindfulness leads to emotional stability by promoting acceptance of emotional states and enhanced present-moment awareness, rather than by eliciting control over low-level affective cerebral systems from higher-order cortical brain regions.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These findings are consistent with evidence that the MPFC, through its inhibitory downstream connections to the amygdala, is implicated in the extinction of conditioned fear as well as the dampening of negative affect (Amaral et al., 1992;Davidson, 1998).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Amaral et al., 1992
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Davidson, 1998 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The assumptions for conducting a mixed-measure ANOVA, such as homogeneity of variance between groups and linearity, were met.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Stimuli and experimental procedure
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Brefczynski-Lewis et al. (2007) found a negative correlation between the number of hours of meditation training and right amygdala activation during concentration meditation in a group of experienced meditators while processing negative emotional sounds.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brefczynski-Lewis et al. (2007) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to response box failure on certain trials, some stimuli were missing emotional intensity ratings (with no more than 25% of participant ratings missing for any given stimulus), which were distributed at random across groups.These missing values were replaced with the group's corresponding mean value to avoid losing statistical power.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Stimuli and experimental procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only one individual had two days of meditation practice prior to testing (due to scheduling restraints), but reported compensating accordingly by practicing additional time each day.In all other participants, 100% compliance was observed.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“there are some reports that meditative states are associated with increased activation in various prefrontal cortical areas.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Newberg et al., 2001 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“most emotional self-regulation strategies aim at altering emotional states, whereas mindfulness is based on accepting emotional states as they are (Kabat-Zinn, 1994).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kabat-Zinn, 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two participants in each group only had data for two runs (one from each condition) due to testing constraints or excessive movement; however, the number of degrees of freedom was adjusted accordingly in the group analyses.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > fMRI data acquisition and analysis
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These decreased activations found in executive control areas have been proposed to reflect that meditation training is associated with a reduction in cognitive elaboration of aversive stimuli (Grant et al., 2011).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grant et al., 2011 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants reported having successfully understood the mindfulness exercises.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results of this study suggest that with extensive meditation training, the mindfulness-induced emotional intensity attenuations may be achieved by accepting and fully experiencing emotional responses in the present moment without interference from internal thought and self-referent processes, as opposed to directly controlling low-order affective brain systems from higher-order cortical region”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the fact that the attenuating effect of mindfulness also applied to neutral pictures may have been due to the little variability observed for this category of pictures, and thus, very small mean differences may have attained significance.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the greater mindfulness-induced deactivation of the MPFC and PCC measured herein experienced meditators relative to beginnersmay reflect an adaptive process through which present-moment awareness is enhanced in individuals with long-term meditation experience, and information in the environment is processed with reduced distractibility and interference from self-referent thought or ruminative pro”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The attenuating effects of mindfulness on subjective emotional intensity observed in the present study are consistent with the view that mindfulness-based strategies promote emotional stability and constitute an efficient means of emotional self-regulation (Arch and Craske, 2006;Broderick, 2005).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“individuals with generalized anxiety disorder tend to respond to negative mood challenges with greater emotional intensity relative to their control counterparts; they also tend to become overwhelmed by their emotions and understand them poorly (Mennin et al., 2005).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mennin et al., 2005 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the fact that mindfulness did not influence amygdala responses for experienced meditators during emotional processing also supports the interpretation that participants with extensive mindfulness training adopted an accepting perspective towards their emotional responses and allowed themselves to fully experience them.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“an interaction between Group and Condition may have failed to attain statistical significance due to reduced power.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgedn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while experienced meditators may have had some degree of amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli in the mindful state, the MPFC (BA 10) deactivations during the Mindful condition indicates that mindfulness altered what happened after their initial response (cognitive elaboration, judgments, etc.), which led to decreased subjective emotional intensity.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Brain patterns related to mindfulness in experienced meditators and beginners
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, mindfulness may diminish the need to seek out satisfaction from external positive stimuli, thereby attenuating the emotional intensity perceived from this category of pictures.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since the ratings from two participants in the beginners' group were lost due to technical issues”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, mindfulness may decrease the propensity to avoid processing emotions by attenuating the emotional intensity perceived from given events, and constitute an adaptive alternative coping mechanism for populations with anxiety-related traits or psychopathology.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These activations seemed to have been driven by the group of beginners, as they were situated in the same loci as those found within the group of beginners alone, and were not present in the group of experienced meditators alone.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Main effects
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although both experienced and beginner meditators showed effects of mindfulness on subjective emotional intensity, differences in brain response patterns suggest that the two groups were in fact processing the stimuli in distinct ways during the Mindful condition.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Mindfulness and subjective emotional intensity elicited by the stimuli
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“due to technical constraints, we were unable to acquire other measures of emotional reactivity, such as galvanic skin response.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Limitations and future directions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as opposed to beginners who exhibited mindfulness-induced patterns of brain activity related to the voluntary regulation of emotion, the findings of this study indicate that a 'lack of control' over emotional states, i.e. acceptance, is associated with the emotional stability achieved by the long-term practice of mindfulness meditation.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results also demonstrate that for individuals with long-term practice of meditation, mindfulness induces a pattern of brain activity associated with acceptance of emotional stimuli and reduced interference from internal states, possibly reflecting enhanced present-moment awareness.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Conclusions
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results indicate that extensive mindfulness practice promotes emotional stability and modulates the activity in a number of brain regions implicated in the neural responses to emotional stimuli.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Conclusions
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“there may have been differences between the two groups of participants other than mindfulness training (e.g., lifestyle, temperamental predispositions).”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Limitations and future directions
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings obtained in this study contribute to the understanding of the relationship between mindfulness meditation, brain function, and emotional processing, and have implications for clinical psychological disorders related to affect and anxiety.”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Conclusions
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known regarding the brain mechanisms through which mindfulness meditation modulates the processing of emotional stimuli.
“Yet to date, little is known regarding the brain mechanisms through which mindfulness meditation modulates the processing of emotional stimuli.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Mindful condition successfully induced a state of mindfulness in participants.
“mindfulness induced a deactivation of the amygdala during the processing of negative and positive emotional stimuli for beginners relative to experienced meditators.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The observed group differences in brain activity and emotional intensity are attributable to long-term mindfulness meditation experience rather than pre-existing differences between groups.
“These results indicate that extensive mindfulness practice promotes emotional stability and modulates the activity in a number of brain regions implicated in the neural responses to emotional stimuli.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Multiple studies have found that mindfulness meditation training can result in reduced intensity, blunting, or complete loss of both positive and negative emotions and dissociation in some people [9,12,33,34,36].”
From Can mindfulness be too much of a good thing? The value of a middle way (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Results have supported the link between mindfulness and decreased reactivity to emotional pictures [16–18].”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For both novice and experienced meditators, mindful attention decreased self-reported emotional intensity to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures.”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Taylor et al. [33] revealed that mediators perceived pictures portraying positive and negative emotions to be less intense during a mindful (rather than nonmindful) state.”
From Potential therapeutic effects of meditation for treating affective dysregulation (2014) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Converging evidence suggests that meditation training may be associated with decreased DMN activity,67, 70, 87, 94, 97–99”
From Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness (2014) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness has also been shown to induce a down-regulation of the left amygdala activation during emotional processing in novice practitioners47.”
In the citing paper
“Our data suggest that mindfulness training may exert a nuanced effect that is specific to the horizontal time course (chronometry) rather than a generalized suppression or blunting of the intensity or amplitude of emotional responses (Taylor et al., 2011).”
From Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Improves Emotional Reactivity to Social Stress: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Studies suggest that mindfulness techniques may reduce evaluative processing in the brain.1–3”
In the citing paper
“However, long-term mindfulness practice may lead to emotional stability that may help get over psychological disorders [28].”
From A Cloud-Based Virtual Reality App for a Novel Telemindfulness Service: Rationale, Design and Feasibility Evaluation (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, meditation-induced dampening of the amygdala has been found to attenuate not just negative emotions but positive ones as well [34,35].”
From Can mindfulness be too much of a good thing? The value of a middle way (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“A frequently reported finding is that mindfulness practice is associated with a diminished activation of the amygdala in response to emotional stimuli during mindful states [24,25].”
From A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In a cross-sectional study, downregulation of the left amygdala was detected when viewing emotional pictures in a mindful state in beginner but not expert Zen meditators [25].”
From A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Taylor et al. compared Western EMs with novel meditators using emotional pictures during fMRI, and observed a decrease in activation levels of the PCC and MPFC (DMN) during active meditation in EMs.”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2011
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F(1, 18) = 0.45, p = .747”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
Reported p = .747 · recomputed p = .511
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F(1, 18) = 1.94, p = .17”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
Reported p = .17 · recomputed p = .181
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F(1, 18) = 5.40, p = .031”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
Reported p = .031 · recomputed p = .032
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F(1, 18) = 0.72, p = .382”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
Reported p = .382 · recomputed p = .407
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“F(1, 18) = 6.23, p = .015”
§ Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators > Self-report data
Reported p = .015 · recomputed p = .022
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upF(1, 18) = 0.72reported p = .382 · recomputed p = .407
“F(1, 18) = 0.72, p = .382”
- Doesn’t add upF(1, 18) = 0.45reported p = .747 · recomputed p = .511
“F(1, 18) = 0.45, p = .747”
- Doesn’t add upF(1, 18) = 1.94reported p = .17 · recomputed p = .181
“F(1, 18) = 1.94, p = .17”
- Doesn’t add upF(1, 18) = 6.23reported p = .015 · recomputed p = .022
“F(1, 18) = 6.23, p = .015”
- Doesn’t add upF(1, 18) = 5.4reported p = .031 · recomputed p = .032
“F(1, 18) = 5.40, p = .031”
- ConsistentF(1, 18) = 0.63reported p = .438 · recomputed p = .438
“F(1, 18) = 0.63, p = .438”
- ConsistentF(1, 18) = 6.23reported p = .022 · recomputed p = .022
“F(1, 18) = 6.23, p = .022”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
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Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg015 · Cited by 4,577
Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review.
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 · Cited by 4,576
The cognitive control of emotion
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Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087 · Cited by 3,502
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · cited 1×
“This brain region plays an important role in awareness of interoceptive states (Craig, 2004; Critchley et al., 2004).”
BackgroundDifferential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.
Phillips, R. G., & LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.106.2.274 · Cited by 3,292
Handbook of emotion regulation
Gross, J. (2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.52-1127 · Cited by 3,283
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Talairach, 1988, Stereotaxic localization of central gray nuclei, Neurochirurgia (Stuttg), 1, 88
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation
Tang, Y.-Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3916 · Cited by 2,889
Contemplating Mindfulness at Work: An Integrative Review
Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., Baer, R. A., Brewer, J. A., & Lazar, S. W. (2016) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206315617003 · Cited by 1,043
Fox, K. C. R., Dixon, M. L., Nijeboer, S., Girn, M., Floman, J. L., Lifshitz, M., Ellamil, M., Sedlmeier, P., & Christoff, K. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.021 · Cited by 656
Guendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220 · Cited by 577
“During passive observation, beginner meditators showed major amygdala activation increases for negative affective pictures (Taylor et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDesbordes, G., Gard, T., Hoge, E. A., Hölzel, B. K., Kerr, C., Lazar, S. W., Olendzki, A., & Vago, D. R. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0269-8 · Cited by 505
“…this happened without increased activity in modulatory prefrontal brain areas and without down-regulation of the amygdala, suggesting that it was not just a standard case of top-down control over low-level affective cerebral systems from higherlevel cortical brain regions (Taylor et al., 2011).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Taylor, V. A., Grant, J., Daneault, V., Scavone, G., Breton, E., Roffe-Vidal, S., Courtemanche, J., Lavarenne, A. S., & Beauregard, M.
- Affiliations
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Beauregard, Mario
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1524-1533
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123696958
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 25.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, emotional picture processing, default mode network, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Meditation
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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