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Don’t stand so close to me: a behavioral and ERP study of preferred interpersonal distance
Abstract
The space between people, or interpersonal distance, creates and defines the dynamics of social interactions. Given that invasion of one's interpersonal space may trigger threat and anxiety, a critical question is if high vulnerability to social anxiety (SA) is associated with avoidance and attentional biases when anticipating invasion to one's interpersonal space. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the behavioral mechanisms, time course and neural correlates underlying the threat of interpersonal distance invasion with a focus on different SA levels, using both a behavioral and an ERP experiment. Preferred interpersonal distance was assessed using a paradigm that involves responding to different virtual protagonists (friend or stranger) approaching the participant by indicating where one would like the protagonist to stop. In addition, participants' level of social anxiety was measured. The behavioral experiment indicated that levels of SA predicted one's preferred interpersonal distance such that higher SA individuals preferred further distance from a stranger. At the neural level, across groups, early (N1) but not late (LPP) differences were found between stranger and friend conditions. Importantly, SA individuals were characterized by attenuated early ERP responses, suggesting less attentional resources allocated to social stimuli. The results suggest that high SA individuals feel discomfort earlier than others in social engagement, which may lead them to stand further away, thus creating less communicative social interactions.
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“Recent research has shown that levels of social anxiety are correlated with preferred interpersonal distance, such that individuals with greater social anxiety traits prefer to stay further away from others (Scheele et al., 2012;Perry et al., 2013).”
From OT promotes closer interpersonal distance among highly empathic individuals (2015) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2013
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Metadata
- Authors
- Perry, A., Rubinsten, O., Peled, L., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, Anat
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 761-769
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156484943
- Semantic Scholar
- e179f02547ebcd3bc78e0e4498388913c87dcf20
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- interpersonal distance, social anxiety, threat anticipation, attentional bias, N1 component, late positive potential, social interaction, virtual characters
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Brain, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Young Adult
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