Social fearfulness in the human brain

Miskovic, Vladimir; Schmidt, Louis A.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002

Cited by 126Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMemory and Neural MechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Social fearfulness in the human brain

Miskovic, Vladimir, Schmidt, Louis A.·2012·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Social fearfulness is expressed on a continuum of severity from moderate distress to incapacitating fear. The present article focuses on the brain states associated with this broad dimension of social anxiety in humans. In total, 70 published studies are summarized documenting the neural correlates of social anxiety during states of rest, threat-related cognitive-affective activation, and acute symptom provocation. Neural exaggeration in limbic (amygdala) and paralimbic (insula) regions appears to be associated with functional outcomes involving increased attention for and processing of social threat. Evidence is also reviewed showing that social anxiety is characterized by atypical functional connectivity in certain brain networks. Despite a higher prevalence of social anxiety disorder among females, males have been overrepresented in the published clinical studies (constituting approximately 56% of the total participants). We evaluate the prospects of nonhuman animal models of social anxiety and discuss several promising directions for future research. The review highlights the need to adopt an integrative, network-based approach to the study of the neural substrates underlying social anxiety.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002

Cites

260 of 260 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The amygdala, insula, and ACC are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of GSAD.
“these three regions in particular-amygdala, insula, and ACC-are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of GSAD (Etkin and Wager, 2007;Marazziti et al, 2014;Miskovic and Schmidt, 2012).”
From Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Miskovic and Schmidt, 2012
Reduction in MeA Crfr2 mRNA expression in both environmental and genetic models of social disorders points to possible involvement of stress system components in the amygdala in core symptoms of autism in humans, as well as social deficits in other psychopathologies such as social anxiety disorder and schizophrenia.
“Finally, the reduction in expression levels of MeA Crfr2 mRNA in both an environmental model and a genetic model of social disorders in mice points to a possible involvement of stress system components in the amygdala in core symptoms of autism in humans, as well as in social deficits in other psychopathologies, such as social anxiety disorder 41 and schizophrenia.”
From Ucn3 and CRF-R2 in the medial amygdala regulate complex social dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [41]

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,767 · see citing works
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · see citing works
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657 · see citing works
Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0 · Cited by 5,592 · see citing works
Handbook of Affective Sciences
(2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195126013.001.0001 · Cited by 5,104 · see citing works
Handbook of Emotion Regulation
Lambert, K. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.15.1808 · Cited by 4,900 · see citing works
The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life
LeDoux, J. E. (2004) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,212 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 4,012 · see citing works
Functional Neuroimaging of Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Processing in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia
Etkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · see citing works
Handbook of Emotions
Lewis, M., & Haviland, J. M. (1993) · Cited by 3,308 · see citing works
Contributions of the Amygdala to Emotion Processing: From Animal Models to Human Behavior
Phelps, E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.025 · Cited by 3,203 · see citing works
Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.483 · Cited by 3,147 · see citing works
The amygdala: vigilance and emotion
Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000812 · Cited by 2,882 · see citing works
Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations
Meaney, M. J. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1161 · Cited by 2,708 · see citing works
The Organization of Networks within the Orbital and Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Rats, Monkeys and Humans
Ongur, D. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.206 · Cited by 2,627 · see citing works
Neural synchrony in brain disorders: Relevance for cognitive dysfunctions and pathophysiology
Uhlhaas, P. J., & Singer, W. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.020 · Cited by 2,194 · see citing works
Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain
Gross, H. S. (2004) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000130139.70393.da · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Looking for Spinoza : Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain
Damásio, A. R. (2003) · Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California) · Cited by 1,879 · see citing works
Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007318 · Cited by 1,842 · see citing works
Emotion processing and the amygdala: from a’low road’to’many roads’ of evaluating biological significance.
Pessoa, L., & Adolphs, R. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2920 · Cited by 1,794 · see citing works
Networks of the Brain: Quantitative Analysis and Modeling
Sporns, O. (2010) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8476.001.0001 · Cited by 1,750 · see citing works
Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour
Adolphs, R. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1056 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy
Reiss, S., & Bootzin, R. R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,461 · see citing works
Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Franklin, M. E. (1996) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(96)00036-0 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
The Physiology and Psychology of Behavioral Inhibition in Children
Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S., & Snidman, N. C. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130685 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias.
MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.1.107 · Cited by 1,334 · see citing works
An Insular View of Anxiety
Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.042 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
Shyness and sociability.
Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Baxter, L. R. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820090009002 · Cited by 1,293 · see citing works
Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion
(1999) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195118889.001.0001 · Cited by 1,288 · see citing works
The neurobiology of attachment
Insel, T. R., & Young, L. J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35053579 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
Anxiety and affective style: role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala
Davidson, R. J. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01328-2 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Social phobia : diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Heimberg, R. G. (1995) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Behavioral Inhibition: Linking Biology and Behavior within a Developmental Framework
Fox, N. A., Henderson, H. A., Marshall, P. J., Nichols, K. E., & Ghera, M. M. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141532 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Motivation, emotion, and their inhibitory control mirrored in brain oscillations
Knyazev, G. G. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.10.004 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
The Amygdala: a functional analysis
Aggleton, J. P. (2000) · Cited by 964 · see citing works
The Human Amygdala: An Evolved System for Relevance Detection
Sander, D., Grafman, J., & Zalla, T. (2003) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2003.14.4.303 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Occipito-temporal connections in the human brain.
Catani, M., Jones, D., Donato, R., & Ffytche, D. (2003) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awg203 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders: it's not what you thought it was
Mineka, S., & Zinbarg, R. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.1.10 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
Serotonin1A receptor acts during development to establish normal anxiety-like behaviour in the adult
Gross, C. T., Zhuang, X., Stark, K. L., Ramboz, S., Oosting, R. S., Kirby, L. G., Santarelli, L., Beck, S. G., & Hen, R. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416396a · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Disease and the brain's dark energy
Zhang, D., & Raichle, M. E. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.198 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life
Fox, N. A., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K. H., Calkins, S. D., & Schmidt, L. A. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00262 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Self-citation
From normal fear to pathological anxiety.
Rosen, J. B., & Schulkin, J. A. (1998) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.2.325 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Attention bias modification treatment: a meta-analysis toward the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety
Hakamata, Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.021 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis versus the amygdala in fear, stress, and anxiety
Walker, D. L., Toufexis, D. J., & Davis, M. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01282-2 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Adolescent social anxiety as an outcome of inhibited temperament in childhood
SCHWARTZ, C. E., SNIDMAN, N., & KAGAN, J. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199908000-00017 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Functional Cross‐Talk Between the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal and ‐Adrenal Axes
Viau, V. (2002) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00798.x · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Face the beast and fear the face: animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion
ÖHman, A. (1986) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00608.x · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Prefrontal involvement in the regulation of emotion: convergence of rat and human studies
Quirk, G. J., & Beer, J. S. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.07.004 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Further evidence of association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children
Biederman, J., Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Rosenbaum, J. F., Hérot, C., Friedman, D., Snidman, N., Kagan, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1673 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Galen's Prophecy: Temperament In Human Nature
Kagan, J., Snidman, N. C., Arcus, D. M., & Reznick, J. S. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Behavioral Inhibition in Young Children
Coll, C. G., Kagan, J., & Reznick, J. S. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130152 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Stability and social-behavioral consequences of toddlers’ inhibited temperament and parenting behaviors
Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., & Hastings, P. D. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00419 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion
Watt, D. F. (2001) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2001.10773346 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
The sentient self
Craig, A. D. (. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0248-y · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention.
Bögels, S., & Mansell, W. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.005 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Increased Amygdala Activation to Angry and Contemptuous Faces in Generalized Social Phobia
Stein, M. B., Goldin, P. R., Sareen, J., Zorrilla, L. T. E., & Brown, G. G. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1027 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Augmentation of Exposure Therapy With D-Cycloserine for Social Anxiety Disorder
Hofmann, S. G., Meuret, A. E., Smits, J. A. J., Simon, N. M., Pollack, M. H., Eisenmenger, K., Shiekh, M., & Otto, M. W. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.3.298 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Amygdala volume and social network size in humans
Bickart, K. C., Wright, C. I., Dautoff, R. J., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2724 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
The Genetic Epidemiology of Phobias in Women
Kendler, K. S. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820040025003 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Attention training for generalized social anxiety disorder
Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., Buckner, J. D., & Timpano, K. R. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013643 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Association between amygdala hyperactivity to harsh faces and severity of social anxiety in generalized social phobia
Phan, K. L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Nathan, P. J., & Tancer, M. E. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.012 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
The social environment and the epigenome
Moshe Szyf, A., McGowan, P. O., & Meaney, M. J. (2007) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.20357 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive-behavioral therapy
Furmark, T., Tillfors, M., Marteinsdottir, I., Fischer, H., Pissiota, A., Långström, B., & Fredrikson, M. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.5.425 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Beyond Social Withdrawal: Shyness, Unsociability, and Peer Avoidance
Asendorpf, J. B. (2010) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000276522 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Neurofeedback training of the upper alpha frequency band in EEG improves cognitive performance
Zoefel, B., Huster, R. J., & Herrmann, C. S. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.078 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Effects of D-Cycloserine on Extinction: Translation From Preclinical to Clinical Work
Davis, M., Ressler, K., Rothbaum, B. O., & Richardson, R. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.084 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Neural Bases of Social Anxiety Disorder: Emotional Reactivity and Cognitive Regulation During Social and Physical Threat
Goldin, P. R., Manber, T., Hakimi, S., Canli, T., & Gross, J. J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.525 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Galen's prophecy: temperament in human nature
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-2419 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Attention training in individuals with generalized social phobia: A randomized controlled trial.
Amir, N., Beard, C., Taylor, C. T., Klumpp, H., Elias, J. A., Burns, M. N., & Chen, X. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016685 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
If it's not left, it's right: Electroencephalograph asymmetry and the development of emotion.
Fox, N. A. (1991) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.46.8.863 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
If it's not left, it's right: Electroencephalograph asymmetry and the development of emotion.
Fox, N. A. (1991) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.8.863 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
While a phobic waits: regional brain electrical and autonomic activity in social phobics during anticipation of public speaking
Davidson, R. J., Marshall, J. R., Tomarken, A. J., & Henriques, J. B. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00222-x · Cited by 432 · see citing works
The Development of shyness and social withdrawal
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-2977 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Emotion and cognition and the amygdala: From “what is it?” to “what's to be done?”
Pessoa, L. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.038 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
fMRI reveals amygdala activation to human faces in social phobics
Birbaumer, N., Grodd, W., Diedrich, O., Klose, U., Erb, M., Lotze, M., Schneider, F., Weiss, U., & Flor, H. (1998) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199804200-00048 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder
Hahn, A., Stein, P., Windischberger, C., Weissenbacher, A., Spindelegger, C., Moser, E., Kasper, S., & Lanzenberger, R. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.064 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans
Veit, R., Flor, H., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Lotze, M., Grodd, W., & Birbaumer, N. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00519-0 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex function during anticipated peer evaluation in pediatric social anxiety
Guyer, A. E., Lau, J. Y. F., McClure-Tone, E. B., Parrish, J., Shiffrin, N. D., Reynolds, R. C., Chen, G., Blair, R. J. R., Leibenluft, E., Fox, N. A., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.11.1303 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Infant Predictors of Inhibited and Uninhibited Profiles
Kagan, J., & Snidman, N. C. (1991) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00094.x · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Cerebral Blood Flow in Subjects With Social Phobia During Stressful Speaking Tasks: A PET Study
Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., Marteinsdóttir, Í., Fischer, H., Pissiota, A., Långström, B., & Fredrikson, M. G. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1220 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Information processing in social phobia: A critical review
Heinrichs, N., & Hofmann, S. G. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00067-2 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
The primate amygdala and the neurobiology of social behavior: implications for understanding social anxiety
Amaral, D. G. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01307-5 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Behavioral and Physiological Antecedents of Inhibited and Uninhibited Behavior
Calkins, S. D., Fox, N. A., & Marshall, T. R. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01749.x · Cited by 341 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Trial of D-Cycloserine Enhancement of Exposure Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Guastella, A. J., Richardson, R., Lovibond, P. F., Rapee, R. M., Gaston, J. E., Mitchell, P., & Dadds, M. R. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.11.011 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Low Dopamine D 2 Receptor Binding Potential in Social Phobia
Schneier, F. R., Liebowitz, M. R., Abi‐Dargham, A., Zea‐Ponce, Y., Lin, S., & Laruelle, M. A. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.3.457 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2007) · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Dose-Dependent Decrease of Activation in Bilateral Amygdala and Insula by Lorazepam During Emotion Processing
Paulus, M. P., Feinstein, J. S., Castillo, G., Simmons, A. N., & Stein, M. B. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.282 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Threatening faces and social anxiety: A literature review
Staugaard, S. R. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.001 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Adult rats exposed to early-life social isolation exhibit increased anxiety and conditioned fear behavior, and altered hormonal stress responses
Lukkes, J. L., Mokin, M. V., Scholl, J. L., & Forster, G. L. (2008) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.10.014 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Selective aberrant functional connectivity of resting state networks in social anxiety disorder
Liao, W., Chen, H., Feng, Y., Mantini, D., Gentili, C., Pan, Z., Ding, J., Duan, X., Qiu, C., Lui, S., et al. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.010 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Frontal Activation Asymmetry and Social Competence at Four Years of Age
Fox, N. A., Rubin, K. H., Calkins, S. D., Marshall, T. R., Coplan, R. J., Porges, S. W., Long, J. M., & Stewart, S. L. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00964.x · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder: a systematic review of the literature
Freitas-Ferrari, M. C., Hallak, J. E. C., Trzesniak, C., Filho, A. S., Machado-de-Sousa, J. P., Chagas, M. H. N., Nardi, A. E., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.02.028 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Reduced Serotonin-1A Receptor Binding in Social Anxiety Disorder
Lanzenberger, R. R., Mitterhauser, M., Spindelegger, C., Wadsak, W., Klein, N., Mien, L., Holik, A., Attarbaschi, T., Mossaheb, N., Sacher, J., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.022 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of fear learning and fear regulation
Hamm, A. O., & Weike, A. I. (2005) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.006 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Response to emotional expressions in generalized social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder: evidence for separate disorders
Blair, K., Shaywitz, J., Smith, B. W., Rhodes, R., Geraci, M., Jones, M., McCaffrey, D., Vythilingam, M., Finger, E., Mondillo, K., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071060 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Automaticity and the anxiety disorders.
Mcnally, R. J. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00015-p · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Linking Self-Reported Childhood Behavioral Inhibition to Adolescent Social Phobia
HAYWARD, C., Killen, J. D., KRAEMER, H. C., & Taylor, C. B. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199812000-00015 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Effect of task conditions on brain responses to threatening faces in social phobics: An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Straube, T., Kolassa, I., Glauer, M., Mentzel, H.-J., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.024 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2004) · PubMed · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Social Anxiety in Outpatients With Schizophrenia: A Relevant Cause of Disability
Pallanti, S., Quercioli, L., & Hollander, E. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.53 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Behavioral inhibition in preschool children at risk is a specific predictor of middle childhood social anxiety: a five-year follow-up
Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Biederman, J., Henin, A., Faraone, S. V., Davis, S., Harrington, K., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (2007) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/01.dbp.0000268559.34463.d0 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Evidence for a Gene-Environment Interaction in Predicting Behavioral Inhibition in Middle Childhood
Fox, N. A., Nichols, K. E., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K. H., Schmidt, L. A., Hamer, D. H., Monique Ernst, D., & Pine, D. S. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01637.x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citation
DSM-III-R Subtypes of Social Phobia
Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Dodge, C. S., & BECKER, R. E. (1990) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199003000-00004 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
The cognit: A network model of cortical representation
Fuster, J. M. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.015 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Of snakes and faces: An evolutionary perspective on the psychology of fear
ÖHMAN, A. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00784.x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Dopamine reuptake site densities in patients with social phobia
Tiihonen, J., Kuikka, J. T., Bergström, K., Lepola, U. M., Koponen, H., & Leinonen, E. V. J. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.2.239 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Temperament and Anxiety Disorders
Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., & Fox, N. A. (2005) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2005.05.008 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Amygdala activation in the processing of neutral faces in social anxiety disorder: is neutral really neutral?
Cooney, R. E., Atlas, L. Y., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.05.003 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Fears and phobias: reliability and heritability
Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., & Prescott, C. A. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008429 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in social phobia: a PET study
Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., Marteinsdóttir, Í., & Fredrikson, M. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01396-3 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Behavioral and Physiological Antecedents of Inhibited and Uninhibited Behavior
Calkins, S. D., Fox, N. A., & Marshall, T. R. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131830 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex during processing of disgust faces in individuals with social phobia
Amir, N., Klumpp, H., Elias, J., Bedwell, J. S., Yanasak, N., & Miller, L. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.044 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Of Mice and Men: Natural Kinds of Emotions in the Mammalian Brain? A Response to Panksepp and Izard
Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A., Bliss‐Moreau, E., Duncan, S., Gendron, M., Mize, J., & Brennan, L. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00046.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Early cortical processing of natural and artificial emotional faces differs between lower and higher socially anxious persons
Mühlberger, A., Wieser, M. J., Herrmann, M. J., Weyers, P., Tröger, C., & Pauli, P. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0108-6 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Preliminary Evidence of White Matter Abnormality in the Uncinate Fasciculus in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Phan, K. L., Orlichenko, A., Boyd, E., Angstadt, M., Coccaro, E. F., Liberzon, I., & Arfanakis, K. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.028 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The anxiety disorder spectrum: Fear imagery, physiological reactivity, and differential diagnosis
Lang, P. J., & McTeague, L. M. (2008) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800802478247 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Subcortical correlates of differential classical conditioning of aversive emotional reactions in social phobia
Schneider, F. W., Weiss, U., Kessler, C., Müller-Gärtner, H.-W., Posse, S., Salloum, J. B., Grodd, W., Himmelmann, F. M., Gäebel, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00269-8 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Social phobia in general health care: an unrecognised undertreated disabling disorder
Weiller, E., Bisserbe, J. C., Boyer, P., Lepine, J. P., & Lecrubier, Y. (1996) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.168.2.169 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
A functional MRI study of amygdala responses to angry schematic faces in social anxiety disorder
Evans, K. C., Wright, C. I., Wedig, M. M., Gold, A. L., Pollack, M. H., & Rauch, S. L. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20347 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Striatal functional alteration in adolescents characterized by early childhood behavioral inhibition
Guyer, A. E., Nelson, E. E., Perez-Edgar, K., Hardin, M. G., Roberson-Nay, R., Monk, C. S., Bjork, J. M., Henderson, H. A., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0666-06.2006 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Sex steroids and connectivity in the human brain: A review of neuroimaging studies
Peper, J. S., van den Heuvel, M. P., Mandl, R. C. W., Pol, H. E. H., & van Honk, J. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder
Mueller, E. M., Hofmann, S. G., Santesso, D. L., Meuret, A. E., Bitran, S., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004820 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Neural plasticity in response to attention training in anxiety
Eldar, S., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990766 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Neuroendocrinology of social information processing in rats and mice
Choleris, E., Clipperton-Allen, A. E., Phan, A., & Kavaliers, M. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.003 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Social subordination stress, behavior, and central monoaminergic function in female cynomolgus monkeys
Shively, C. A. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00437-x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Testosterone reduces amygdala–orbitofrontal cortex coupling
van Wingen, G. A., Mattern, C., Verkes, R. J., Buitelaar, J. K., & Fernández, G. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.007 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The nature and expression of social phobia: Toward a new classification
Hofmann, S. G., Heinrichs, N., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.004 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Frontal Brain Electrical Activity in Shyness and Sociability
Schmidt, L. A. (1999) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00161 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citation
Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents and adults
Lau, J. Y., Britton, J. C., Nelson, E. E., Angold, A., Ernst, M., Goldwin, M., Grillon, C., Leibenluft, E., Lissek, S., Norcross, M., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1005494108 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Challenges in Developing Novel Treatments for Childhood Disorders: Lessons from Research on Anxiety
Pine, D. S., Helfinstein, S. M., Bar-Haim, Y., Nelson, E., & Fox, N. A. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.113 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Psychophysiological correlates of face processing in social phobia
Kolassa, I., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.019 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Frontal Activation Asymmetry and Social Competence at Four Years of Age
Fox, N. A., Rubin, K. H., Calkins, S. D., Marshall, T. R., Coplan, R. J., Porges, S. W., Long, J. M., & Stewart, S. L. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131909 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Beyond amygdala: Default Mode Network activity differs between patients with Social Phobia and healthy controls
Gentili, C., Ricciardi, E., Gobbini, M. I., Santarelli, M. F., Haxby, J. V., Pietrini, P., & Guazzelli, M. (2009) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.02.002 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Manipulation of frontal EEG asymmetry through biofeedback alters self‐reported emotional responses and facial EMG
Allen, J. J. B., Harmon‐Jones, E., & Cavender, J. H. (2001) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3840685 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Common and Distinct Brain Activation to Threat and Safety Signals in Social Phobia
Straube, T., Mentzel, H., & Miltner, W. H. R. (2005) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000087987 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Anxiety as a Developmental Disorder
Leonardo, E. D., & Hen, R. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301569 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Preliminary Examination of the Relationship Between Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Self-Reported History of Teasing or Bullying Experiences
McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., Summerfeldt, L. J., Liss, A., & Swinson, R. P. (2003) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070310005051 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Altered Effective Connectivity Network of the Amygdala in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Liao, W., Qiu, C., Gentili, C., Walter, M., Pan, Z., Ding, J., Zhang, W., Gong, Q., & Chen, H. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015238 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Evidence for social anxiety and impaired social cognition in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
McNaughton, C. H., Moon, J., Strawderman, M. S., Maclean, K. N., Evans, J., & Strupp, B. J. (2008) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122.2.293 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Fearful Imagery in Social Phobia: Generalization, Comorbidity, and Physiological Reactivity
McTeague, L. M., Lang, P. J., Laplante, M.-C., Cuthbert, B. N., Strauss, C. C., & Bradley, M. M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.023 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Neural response to self- and other referential praise and criticism in generalized social phobia
Blair, K., Geraci, M., Devido, J., McCaffrey, D., Chen, G., Vythilingam, M., Ng, P., Hollon, N., Jones, M., Blair, R. J. R., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.10.1176 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Threat-detection in child development: An evolutionary perspective
Boyer, P., & Bergstrom, B. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.010 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Face processing biases in social anxiety: An electrophysiological study
Moser, J. S., Huppert, J. D., Duval, E. R., & Simons, R. F. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.005 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Effect of social status on striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding characteristics in cynomolgus monkeys assessed with positron emission tomography
Grant, K. A., Shively, C. A., Nader, M. A., Ehrenkaufer, R. L., Line, S. W., Morton, T. E., Gage, H. D., & Mach, R. H. (1998) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199805)29:1 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Elevated Fear Conditioning to Socially Relevant Unconditioned Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder
Lissek, S., Levenson, J., Biggs, A. L., Johnson, L. L., Ameli, R., Pine, D. S., & Grillon, C. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06091513 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Altered gray matter morphometry and resting-state functional and structural connectivity in social anxiety disorder
Liao, W., Xu, Q., Mantini, D., Ding, J., Machado‐de‐Sousa, J. P., Hallak, J. E. C., Trzesniak, C. M. F., Qiu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, W., et al. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.018 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Social Anxiety Disorder
Mathew, S. J., Coplan, J. D., & Gorman, J. M. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1558 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The biology of human parenting: insights from nonhuman primates
Dario Maestripieri, A. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00042-6 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Neural correlates of reward processing in adolescents with a history of inhibited temperament
Bar-Haim, Y., Fox, N. A., Benson, B., Guyer, A. E., Williams, A., Nelson, E. E., Perez-Edgar, K., Pine, D. S., & Ernst, M. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02401.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Animal studies of amygdala function in fear and uncertainty: relevance to human research.
Rosen, J., & Donley, M. P. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.007 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Reduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia
Irle, E., Ruhleder, M., Lange, C., Seidler-Brandler, U., Salzer, S., Dechent, P., Weniger, G., Leibing, E., & Leichsenring, F. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.090041 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Developmental Psychophysiology: Theory, Systems and Methods
Schmidt, L. A., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citation
The neuropsychology of emotion and affective style.
Davidson, R. J. (1993) · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Patterns of cortical electrophysiology and autonomic activity in adults' shyness and sociability
Schmidt, L. A., & Fox, N. A. (1994) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(94)90038-8 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neural plasticity and development in the first two years of life: Evidence from cognitive and socioemotional domains of research
Fox, N. A., Calkins, S. D., & Bell, M. A. (1994) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400004739 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Role of the Amygdala in Primate Social Cognition
Emery, N. J., & Amaral, D. G. (1999) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195118889.003.0008 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Extreme Fear, Shyness, and Social Phobia
(1999) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118872.001.0001 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors
Schmidt, L. (2008) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s1799 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citation
Genetic etiology of behavioral inhibition among 2-year-old children
DiLalla, L. F., Kagan, J., & Reznick, J. S. (1994) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/0163-6383(94)90032-9 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Amygdala and insula response to emotional images in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder
Shah, S. G., Klumpp, H., Angstadt, M., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0939 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2006) · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Resting state EEG delta–beta coherence in relation to anxiety, behavioral inhibition, and selective attentional processing of threatening stimuli
Putman, P. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.01.011 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Inverse Relationship Between Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor Binding and Anxiety: A [11C]WAY-100635 PET Investigation in Healthy Volunteers
Tauscher, J. T., Bagby, R. M., Javanmard, M., Christensen, B. K., Kasper, S. F., & Kapur, S. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1326 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The role of frontal activation in the regulation and dysregulation of social behavior during the preschool years
Fox, N. A., Schmidt, L. A., Calkins, S. D., Rubin, K. H., & Coplan, R. J. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006982 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differentiating social phobia from shyness
Heiser, N. A., Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Roberson‐Nay, R. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.10.002 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The theory of the whole-brain-work
Başar, E. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.007 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Differential modulation of neural activity throughout the distributed neural system for face perception in patients with Social Phobia and healthy subjects
Gentili, C., Gobbini, M. I., Ricciardi, E., Vanello, N., Pietrini, P., Haxby, J. V., & Guazzelli, M. (2008) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.08.003 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Psychophysiological and subjective indicators of aversive pavlovian conditioning in generalized social phobia
Hermann, C., Ziegler, S., Birbaumer, N., & Flor, H. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01385-9 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Frontal EEG asymmetry and symptom response to cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with social anxiety disorder
Moscovitch, D. A., Santesso, D. L., Miskovic, V., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Schmidt, L. A. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.04.009 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citation
Shyness and Timidity in Young Adults Who Were Born at Extremely Low Birth Weight
Schmidt, L. A., Miskovic, V., Boyle, M. H., & Saigal, S. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3747 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neural correlates of altered general emotion processing in social anxiety disorder
Brühl, A. B., Rufer, M., Delsignore, A., Kaffenberger, T., Jäncke, L., & Herwig, U. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.084 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Decoupling of midfrontal delta–beta oscillations after testosterone administration
Schutter, D. J. L. G., & van Honk, J. (2004) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.012 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Amygdala reactivity to emotional faces at high and low intensity in generalized social phobia: A 4-Tesla functional MRI study
Yoon, K. L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Angstadt, M., McCarron, R., & Phan, K. L. (2006) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.05.004 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Dissociation of social and nonsocial anxiety in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
Liu, Z.-H., & Smith, C. B. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.066 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
High-frequency heart rate variability and cortico-striatal activity in men and women with social phobia
Åhs, F., Sollers, J. J., Furmark, T., Fredrikson, M. G., & Thayer, J. F. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.091 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Electrophysiological correlates of cortico-subcortical interaction: A cross-frequency spectral EEG analysis
Schutter, D. J. L. G., Leitner, C., Kenemans, J. L., & van Honk, J. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.09.021 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Socially Explosive Minds: The Triple Imbalance Hypothesis of Reactive Aggression
van Honk, J., Harmon‐Jones, E., Morgan, B. E., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2010) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00609.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The Darker Side of Social Anxiety
Kashdan, T. B., & McKnight, P. E. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721409359280 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A High-Risk Pilot Study of the Children of Adults with Social Phobia
Mancini, C., Ameringen, M. V., Szatmári, P., FUGERE, C., & Boyle, M. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00020 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Increased Serotonin and Dopamine Transporter Binding in Psychotropic Medication–Naïve Patients with Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder Shown by123I-β-(4-Iodophenyl)-Tropane SPECT
van der Wee, N. J., Veen, J. F. V., Stevens, H., van Vliet, I. M., van Rijk, P. P., & Westenberg, H. G. M. (2008) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.107.045518 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Do temperamentally shy children process emotion differently than nonshy children? Behavioral, psychophysiological, and gender differences in reticent preschoolers
Theall, L., & Schmidt, L. A. (2006) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20133 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
Preliminary Study of Attention Training to Threat and Neutral Faces on Anxious Reactivity to a Social Stressor in Social Anxiety
Klumpp, H., & Amir, N. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9251-0 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Neurobiological perspectives on social phobia: from affiliation to zoology
Stein, M. B. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00265-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Dopamine Transporters, D2 Receptors, and Dopamine Release in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Schneier, F., Abi-Dargham, A., Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D., Liebowitz, M., & Laruelle, M. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20543 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The changing face of emotion: age-related patterns of amygdala activation to salient faces
Todd, R. M., Evans, J. W., Morris, D. M., Lewis, M. D., & Taylor, M. J. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq007 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Anterior cingulate neurochemistry in social anxiety disorder: 1H-MRS at 4???Tesla
Phan, K. L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Cortese, B. M., Seraji-Bozorgzad, N., Tancer, M. E., & Moore, G. J. (2005) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200502080-00024 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Phobic dimensions: III. factor analytic approaches to the study of common phobic fears; An updated review of findings obtained with adult subjects
Arrindell, W. A., Pickersgill, M. J., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., Ardon, A. M., & Cornet, F. C. (1991) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(91)90014-2 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety as Detected by Event-Related Brain Potentials
Moser, J., Hajcak, G., Huppert, J., Foa, E., & Simons, R. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0013173 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Modulation of the neural network involved in the processing of anger prosody: the role of task-relevance and social phobia
Quadflieg, S., Mohr, A., Mentzel, H.-J., Miltner, W. H. R., & Straube, T. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.014 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Disrupted functional connectivity in social anxiety disorder: a resting-state fMRI study.
Ding, J., Chen, H.-F., Qiu, C.-J., Liao, W., Warwick, J., Duan, X.-J., Zhang, W., & Gong, Q. (2011) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2011.02.013 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Anxious apprehension increases coupling of delta and beta oscillations
Knyazev, G. G., Schutter, D. J. L. G., & van Honk, J. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Cross-frequency coupling of brain oscillations: An impact of state anxiety
Knyazev, G. G. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.03.013 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Frontal brain oscillations and social anxiety: A cross-frequency spectral analysis during baseline and speech anticipation
Miskovic, V., Ashbaugh, A. R., Santesso, D. L., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Schmidt, L. A. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.010 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sex Differences in Neural Activation to Facial Expressions Denoting Contempt and Disgust
Aleman, A., & Swart, M. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003622 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Changes in EEG Cross-Frequency Coupling During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Miskovic, V., Moscovitch, D. A., Santesso, D. L., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Schmidt, L. A. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611400914 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Atypical modulation of medial prefrontal cortex to self-referential comments in generalized social phobia
Blair, K., Geraci, M., Otero, M., Majestic, C., Odenheimer, S., Jacobs, M., Blair, R. J., & Pine, D. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.12.016 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Salivary cortisol levels and the coupling of midfrontal delta–beta oscillations
Schutter, D. J. L. G., & van Honk, J. (2004) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.07.003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder
Gorka, S. M., Fitzgerald, D. A., Labuschagne, I., Hosanagar, A., Wood, A. G., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.168 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Don’t stand so close to me: a behavioral and ERP study of preferred interpersonal distance
Perry, A., Rubinsten, O., Peled, L., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.042 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Ucn3 and CRF-R2 in the medial amygdala regulate complex social dynamics
Shemesh, Y., Forkosh, O., Mahn, M., Anpilov, S., Sztainberg, Y., Manashirov, S., Shlapobersky, T., Elliott, E., Tabouy, L., Ezra, G., et al. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4346 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Altered fusiform connectivity during processing of fearful faces in social anxiety disorder
Frick, A., Howner, K., Fischer, H., Kristiansson, M., & Furmark, T. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.85 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Amygdala-frontal couplings characterizing SSRI and placebo response in social anxiety disorder
Faria, V., Åhs, F., Appel, L., Linnman, C., Bani, M., Bettica, P., Pich, E. M., Fredrikson, M., & Furmark, T. (2014) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145714000352 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Dissociations in cortical thickness and surface area in non-comorbid never-treated patients with social anxiety disorder
Zhang, X., Luo, Q., Wang, S., Qiu, L., Pan, N., Kuang, W., Lui, S., Huang, X., Yang, X., Kemp, G. J., et al. (2020) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102910 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Altered time course of amygdala activation during speech anticipation in social anxiety disorder
Davies, C. D., Young, K., Torre, J. B., Burklund, L. J., Goldin, P. R., Brown, L. A., Niles, A. N., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex: Anatomic Study of the Human Amygdala
Marino, V. D. (2015) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23243-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Progress on research of human amygdala and emotion control
Xia, C., & Xu, S. (2016) · Chin J Anat Clin · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-7041.2016.01.019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2009) · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Functional activities of the amygdala: an overview.
Rasia‐Filho, A. A., Londero, R. G., & Achaval, M. (2000) · PubMed Central · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Amygdala subnuclei response and connectivity during emotional processing
Hrybouski, S., Aghamohammadi‐Sereshki, A., Madan, C. R., Shafer, A. T., Baron, C. A., Seres, P., Beaulieu, C., Olsen, F., & Malykhin, N. V. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.056 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Authors: Miskovic, V., & Schmidt, L. A.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
McMaster Children's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author: Miskovic, Vladimir
ORCID: Miskovic, Vladimir
Schmidt, Louis A.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 36
Issue: 1
Pages: 459-478
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002
OpenAlex: W1977569036
Semantic Scholar: 405d131f9f1a28bf6b6e5023a58c17d5632110ad
Cited by: 126
References: 260
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
NSERC
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: social anxiety, neural correlates, amygdala, insula, limbic system, paralimbic system, functional connectivity, brain networks, sex differences
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Fear, Humans, Phobic Disorders, Neuroimaging

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Social fearfulness in the human brain

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks