Cited by 810Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesNeural dynamics and brain functionAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The salience network is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the central executive network: Replication from DCM

Open access

Goulden, Nia, Khusnulina, Aygul, Davis, Nicholas J., Bracewell, Robert M., Bokde, Arun L., McNulty, Jonathan P., Mullins, Paul G.·2014·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.052

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

With the advent of new analysis methods in neuroimaging that involve independent component analysis (ICA) and dynamic causal modelling (DCM), investigations have focused on measuring both the activity and connectivity of specific brain networks. In this study we combined DCM with spatial ICA to investigate network switching in the brain. Using time courses determined by ICA in our dynamic causal models, we focused on the dynamics of switching between the default mode network (DMN), the network which is active when the brain is not engaging in a specific task, and the central executive network (CEN), which is active when the brain is engaging in a task requiring attention. Previous work using Granger causality methods has shown that regions of the brain which respond to the degree of subjective salience of a stimulus, the salience network, are responsible for switching between the DMN and the CEN (Sridharan et al., 2008). In this work we apply DCM to ICA time courses representing these networks in resting state data. In order to test the repeatability of our work we applied this to two independent datasets. This work confirms that the salience network drives the switching between default mode and central executive networks and that our novel technique is repeatable.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.052

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
The Brain's Default Network: Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 · Cited by 9,761
An Information-Maximization Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution
Bell, A. J., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1995) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1995.7.6.1129 · Cited by 8,986
Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications
Hyvärinen, A., & Erkki Oja, A. (2000) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5 · Cited by 8,926
Independent component analysis, A new concept?
Comon, P. (1994) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/0165-1684(94)90029-9 · Cited by 8,324
A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm
Ashburner, J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 · Cited by 8,122
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0 · Cited by 5,592
Dynamic causal modelling
Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00202-7 · Cited by 4,583

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 47 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 809

Anatomical and functional coupling between the dorsal and ventral attention networks
Suo, X., Ding, H., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Liang, M., Zhang, Y., Yu, C., & Qin, W. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117868 · Cited by 65
Insular subdivisions functional connectivity dysfunction within major depressive disorder
Peng, X., Lin, P., Wu, X., Gong, R., Yang, R., & Wang, J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.018 · Cited by 60
Distinguishing pain from nociception, salience, and arousal: How autonomic nervous system activity can improve neuroimaging tests of specificity
Lee, I., Necka, E. A., & Atlas, L. Y. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116254 · Cited by 64
Aperiodic measures of neural excitability are associated with anticorrelated hemodynamic networks at rest: A combined EEG-fMRI study
Jacob, M., Roach, B. J., Sargent, K., Mathalon, D. H., & Ford, J. M. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118705 · Cited by 58
Effects of ambient fine particulates, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone on maturation of functional brain networks across early adolescence
Cotter, D. L., Campbell, C. E., Sukumaran, K., McConnell, R., Berhane, K. T., Schwartz, J. D., Hackman, D. A., Ahmadi, H., Chen, J., & Herting, M. M. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108001 · Cited by 61
A shared novelty-seeking basis for creativity and curiosity
Ivancovsky, T., Baror, S., & Bar, M. (2023) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x23002807 · Cited by 66
Facing up to the wandering mind: Patterns of off-task laboratory thought are associated with stronger neural recruitment of right fusiform cortex while processing facial stimuli
Ho, N. S. P., Poerio, G. L., Konu, D., Turnbull, A. G., Sormaz, M., Leech, R., Bernhardt, B. C., Jefferies, E., & Smallwood, J. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116765 · Cited by 61
“, 2007), which may, in part, enabled by this network’s ability to causally influence other large scale networks (Bonnelle et al., 2012; Goulden et al., 2014).”
Interactions within the social brain: Co-activation and connectivity among networks enabling empathy and Theory of Mind
Maliske, L., Schurz, M., & Kanske, P. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105080 · Cited by 64
Whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity identified major depressive disorder: A multivariate pattern analysis in two independent samples
Zhong, X. B., Shi, H., Ming, Q., Dong, D., Zhang, X., Zeng, L., & Yao, S. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.040 · Cited by 61
“The superior temporal gyrus mediates essential functions in auditory processing, language development (Anand et al., 2005; Bigler et al., 2007), and mood-related cognitive processing, which is important in social cognition and emotional processing (Goulden et al., 2012; Schaefer et al., 2006).”
Background
Resting-State Network Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
Bilevicius, E., Smith, S. D., & Kornelsen, J. (2017) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2017.0520 · Cited by 66
“It has recently been proposed to be a ‘‘switch’’ between the activation of the DMN and the CEN (Goulden et al., 2014; Menon, 2015).”
Deficits in frontoparietal activation and anterior insula functional connectivity during regulation of cognitive‐affective interference in bipolar disorder
Ellard, K. K., Gosai, A. K., Felicione, J. M., Peters, A. T., Shea, C. V., Sylvia, L. G., Nierenberg, A. A., Widge, A. S., Dougherty, D. D., & Deckersbach, T. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12709 · Cited by 59
The Decline in Intrinsic Connectivity Between the Salience Network and Locus Coeruleus in Older Adults: Implications for Distractibility
Lee, T., Kim, S. H., Katz, B., & Mather, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00002 · Cited by 58
“Converging evidence indicates that the salience network helps initiate frontoparietal network control of attentional processing for prioritized input (Seeley et al., 2007; Goulden et al., 2014).”
Background
The Frontal Aslant Tract and Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome: Moving towards a Connectomic Initiation Axis
Briggs, R. G., Allan, P. G., Poologaindran, A., Dadario, N. B., Young, I. M., Ahsan, S. A., Teo, C., & Sughrue, M. E. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13051116 · Cited by 58
“As demonstrated in this study, the FAT also links the principle hubs of the salience network, a cingulo-insular-opercular network that has been shown to mediate the transition between internal and external mental states [21].”
Background
Disruption of resting-state functional connectivity of right posterior insula in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder
Hu, L., Xiao, M., Ai, M., Wang, W., Chen, J., Zhaojun, T., Cao, J., & Kuang, L. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.057 · Cited by 56
Self-reported Mind Wandering and Response Time Variability Differentiate Prestimulus Electroencephalogram Microstate Dynamics during a Sustained Attention Task
Zanesco, A. P., Denkova, E., & Jha, A. P. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01636 · Cited by 62
“The midcingulo-insular network has also been suggested to have a role in regulating the DMN and its involvement in dynamic switching between large-scale networks to facilitate attention and action in response to the external environment (Rajan et al., 2019; Goulden et al., 2014; Wen, Liu, Yao, & Ding, 2013).”
Background
Abnormal Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Insular Subregions and Disrupted Correlation with Working Memory in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Zhao, Q., Li, H., Yu, X., Huang, F., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Cao, Q., Qian, Q., Zang, Y., Sun, L., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00200 · Cited by 60
Intrinsic Functional Network Connectivity Is Associated With Clinical Symptoms and Cognition in Late-Life Depression
Gandelman, J. A., Albert, K. M., Boyd, B. D., Park, J. W., Riddle, M., Woodward, N. D., Kang, H., Landman, B. A., & Taylor, W. D. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.09.003 · Cited by 57
“The SN is activated in response to various salient stimuli (19) and includes the insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and amygdala.”
Background
Cortical and subcortical changes in resting-state functional connectivity before and during an episode of postoperative delirium
Oh, J., Shin, J. E., Yang, K. H., Kyeong, S.-H., Lee, W.-S., Chung, T.-S., & Kim, J. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867419848826 · Cited by 53
“The SN is responsible for switching between the DMN and CEN and modulates the interactions between the two networks (Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008).”
Background
How can artificial neural networks approximate the brain?
Shao, F., & Shen, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.970214 · Cited by 66
“A lot of evidence from monkey and patients with brain injury demonstrates that prefrontal cortex contains different switches to control proactive, retroactive behavior (Hikosaka and Isoda, 2010), many local microcircuits to play a role in cognitive flexibility or shifting, and salience network to regulate interchangin…”
Background
The human cerebellum in reward anticipation and outcome processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Kruithof, E. S., Klaus, J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105171 · Cited by 57
Cingulo-opercular Network Efficiency Mediates the Association Between Psychotic-like Experiences and Cognitive Ability in the General Population
Sheffield, J. M., Kandala, S., Burgess, G. C., Harms, M. P., & Barch, D. M. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.009 · Cited by 55
“This network is strongly coupled with the FPN and DMN, and nodes within the CON (primarily the anterior insula) have been shown to mediate activity dynamically between the FPN and DMN to gate salient information for further cognitive processing (48), a mediation that has been shown to be degraded in patients with schi…”
Background
A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the autonomous sensory meridian response
Smith, S. D., Fredborg, B. K., & Kornelsen, J. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.7122 · Cited by 53
“Moreover, it is possible that the observed activity in the dACC may be related to its membership in the salience network—a network that functions as a switch between networks involved in internal mentation (DMN) and attentional processes (central executive network) (Goulden et al., 2014).”
Background
Test-retest reliability of dynamic causal modeling for fMRI
Frässle, S., Stephan, K. E., Friston, K. J., Steup, M., Krach, S., Paulus, F. M., & Jansen, A. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.040 · Cited by 48
“All rights reserved. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o”
Background
Spectral dynamic causal modelling in healthy women reveals brain connectivity changes along the menstrual cycle
Hidalgo‐Lopez, E., Zeidman, P., Harris, T., Razi, A., & Pletzer, B. A. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02447-w · Cited by 55
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 5: The Insula and Opercular Cortex
Baker, C. M., Burks, J. D., Briggs, R. G., Conner, A. K., Glenn, C. A., Robbins, J. M., Sheets, J. R., Sali, G., McCoy, T. M., Battiste, J. D., et al. (2018) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/ons/opy259 · Cited by 51
Neurofeedback with low-cost, wearable electroencephalography (EEG) reduces symptoms in chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
du Bois, N., Bigirimana, A. D., Korik, A., Kéthina, L. G., Rutembesa, E., Mutabaruka, J., Mutesa, L., Prasad, G., Jansen, S., & Coyle, D. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.071 · Cited by 58
Spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG microstates in four- to eight-year-old children: Age- and sex-related effects
Bagdasarov, A., Roberts, K., Bréchet, L., Brunet, D., Michel, C. M., & Gaffrey, M. S. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101134 · Cited by 51
“…network (M-CIN), another control network broadly responsible for identifying salient information in line with current goals as well as for switching between the medial frontoparietal network (i.e., the default mode network or M-FPN) and the L-FPN (Goulden et al., 2014; Uddin et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluential
Disorganized cortical thickness covariance network in major depressive disorder implicated by aberrant hubs in large-scale networks
Wang, T., Wang, K., Qu, H., Zhou, J., Li, Q., Deng, Z., Du, X., Lv, F., Ren, G., Guo, J., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep27964 · Cited by 50
Dynamic brain network configurations during rest and an attention task with frequent occurrence of mind wandering
Denkova, E., Nomi, J. S., Uddin, L. Q., & Jha, A. P. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24721 · Cited by 54
Subacute functional connectivity correlates with cognitive recovery six months after stroke
Vicentini, J. E., Weiler, M., Casseb, R. F., Almeida, S. R. M., Valler, L., de Campos, B. M., & Li, L. M. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102538 · Cited by 49
A New Perspective on Delusional States – Evidence for Claustrum Involvement
Patru, M. C., & Reser, D. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00158 · Cited by 50
“(26), and the area templates used for both the salience and central executive networks in that study clearly overlap the claustrum, especially in the left hemisphere [(26), their Figure 1].”
Background
Brain systems at the intersection of chronic pain and self-regulation
Reddan, M. C., & Wager, T. D. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.047 · Cited by 46
Stimulus-Driven Reorienting Impairs Executive Control of Attention: Evidence for a Common Bottleneck in Anterior Insula
Trautwein, F., Singer, T., & Kanske, P. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw225 · Cited by 48
“An important function of this cingulo-opercular network is to allocate resources to external tasks by down-regulating default mode network (DMN) activity and associated internal task-unrelated processes (Wen et al. 2013; Goulden et al. 2014).”
Background
Encoding, Consolidation, and Renormalization in Depression: Synaptic Homeostasis, Plasticity, and Sleep Integrate Rapid Antidepressant Effects
Rantamäki, T., & Kohtala, S. (2020) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.119.018697 · Cited by 45
“It has been suggested that a switch between internally directed cognition of the DMN and externally directed cognition of the CEN is modulated by SN (Sridharan et al., 2008; Goulden et al., 2014).”
Background
Frontoparietal networks involved in categorization and item working memory
Braunlich, K., Gomez‐Lavin, J., & Seger, C. A. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.051 · Cited by 51
Interactions between the anterior cingulate-insula network and the fronto-parietal network during perceptual decision-making
Chand, G. B., & Dhamala, M. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.014 · Cited by 47
“In behaviorally easier task, our gamma Granger causal outflow calculations in 25– 225 ms indicated that the aCIN played a Granger causal control to the FPN consistent with previous fMRI studies (Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008).”
Brain-based mechanisms of late-life depression: Implications for novel interventions
Gunning, F. M., Oberlin, L. E., Schier, M. M., & Victoria, L. W. (2021) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.002 · Cited by 49
Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the medial prefrontal cortex modulates functional connectivity and enhances safety learning in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Results from two pilot studies
Adams, T. G., Cisler, J. M., Kelmendi, B., George, J. R., Kichuk, S. A., Averill, C. L., Anticevic, A., Abdallah, C. G., & Pittenger, C. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23212 · Cited by 46
“Meta‐analyses of human imaging studies suggest that fear extinction is also associated with activation of the basal ganglia and cortical areas within distributed intrinsic networks, including the default mode network (DMN), which is anchored by the mPFC and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), the salience network (SN),…”
BackgroundInfluential
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Is Associated With Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of the Synaptic Protein NPTX2 in Non-demented Older Adults
Soldan, A., Moghekar, A., Walker, K. A., Pettigrew, C. A., Hou, X., Lu, H., Miller, M. I., Alfini, A. J., Albert, M., Xu, D., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00132 · Cited by 45
Using connectivity-based real-time fMRI neurofeedback to modulate attentional and resting state networks in people with high trait anxiety
Morgenroth, E., Saviola, F., Gilleen, J., Allen, B., Lührs, M., Eysenck, M. W., & Allen, P. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102191 · Cited by 46
“Furthermore, recent fMRI studies have shown that worry, a cognitive component of trait anxiety (Gros et al., 2007), and mind wandering both involve the DMN (Fox et al., 2015), and that anxiety and worry are associated with altered DMN activation (Servaas et al., 2014).”
Influential
Ayahuasca's therapeutic potential: What we know – and what not
Maia, L. O., Daldegan‐Bueno, D., Wießner, I., de Araújo, D. B., & Tófoli, L. F. (2022) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.10.008 · Cited by 54
A Comprehensive Analysis of Connectivity and Aging Over the Adult Life Span
Archer, J. A., Lee, A., Qiu, A., & Chen, S. A. (2015) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2015.0345 · Cited by 49
“These ﬁndings have been further corroborated by studies replicating the inﬂuential role of the salience network on the DMN in moral reasoning in older adults (Chiong et al., 2013) during resting-state (Liao et al., 2010) and by dynamic causal modeling (Goulden et al., 2014).”
Wandering Minds with Wandering Brain Networks
Zhou, X., & Lei, X. (2018) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-018-0278-7 · Cited by 50
A Novel Method for Constructing EEG Large-Scale Cortical Dynamical Functional Network Connectivity (dFNC): WTCS
Yi, C., Yao, R., Song, L., Jiang, L., Si, Y., Li, P., Li, F., Yao, D., Zhang, Y., & Xu, P. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3090770 · Cited by 45
“SN is critical for the efﬁcient regulation of DMN [70] and drives the switching between DMN and FPN [71].”
Background
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are early indicators of an upcoming metabolic decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Ng, K. P., Pascoal, T. A., Mathotaarachchi, S. S., Chan, Y. H., Jiang, L., Therriault, J., Benedet, A. L., Shin, M., Kandiah, N., et al. (2021) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-020-00225-y · Cited by 46
Bout-associated intrinsic functional network changes in cluster headache: A longitudinal resting-state functional MRI study
Chou, K., Yang, F., Fuh, J., Kuo, C.-Y., Wang, Y.-H., Lirng, J.-F., Lin, Y., Wang, S., & Lin, C. (2016) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102416668657 · Cited by 44
“The salience network, which mainly includes the dorsal ACC, anterior insula, and frontal operculum, is related to the processing of affective information and attentional modulation, antinociception, and autonomic reactions to painful stimuli (32).”
Background
Segregation of salience network predicts treatment response of depression to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Fan, J., Tso, I. F., Maixner, D. F., Abagis, T. R., Hernández-García, L., & Taylor, S. F. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101719 · Cited by 43
“Recent literature has demonstrated a critical role of SN in controlling switching between DMN (tasknegative network) and task positive networks (Goulden et al., 2014; Menon, 2011).”
Background
Coactivation pattern analysis reveals altered salience network dynamics in children with autism spectrum disorder
Marshall, E., Nomi, J. S., Dirks, B., Romero, C., Kupis, L. B., Chang, C., & Uddin, L. Q. (2020) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00163 · Cited by 43
Changes in the brain structural connectome after a prospective randomized clinical trial of lithium and quetiapine treatment in youth with bipolar disorder
Lei, D., Li, W., Tallman, M. J., Patino, L. R., McNamara, R. K., Strawn, J. R., Klein, C. C., Nery, F. G., Fleck, D. E., Qin, K., et al. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-00989-5 · Cited by 45
“The insula is a major hub [61] within the salience network (SN) [62] and a key structure for integrating cognitive, behavioral, and affective functional processes [63].”
Background
A neurogenetic analysis of female autism
Jack, A., Sullivan, C. A. W., Aylward, E., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., Gaab, N., Horn, J. D. V., Eilbott, J. A., Jacokes, Z., Torgerson, C. M., et al. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab064 · Cited by 51
Connecting Circuits with Networks in Addiction Neuroscience: A Salience Network Perspective
Cushnie, A. K., Tang, W., & Heilbronner, S. R. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24109083 · Cited by 47
“Furthermore, the AIC is essential in mediating the switch between a restful and internally focused state (driven by the activity in the DMN) and engaging in tasks (CEN and SN) [45,90].”
Influential
Modulations of human resting brain connectivity by kisspeptin enhance sexual and emotional functions
Comninos, A. N., Demetriou, L., Wall, M. B., Shah, A., Clarke, S. A., Narayanaswamy, S., Nesbitt, A., Izzi‐Engbeaya, C. N., Prague, J., Abbara, A., et al. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.121958 · Cited by 41
“Positive connectivity with the anterior insula defined the SN (61, 63).”
Neurofunctional correlates of glutamate and GABA imbalance in psychosis: A systematic review
Zahid, U., Onwordi, E. C., Hedges, E. P., Wall, M. B., Modinos, G., Murray, R. M., & Egerton, A. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105010 · Cited by 45
Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed Resting State Network Connectivity Differences
Han, J., Zhou, L., Wu, H., Huang, Y., Qiu, M., Huang, L., Lee, C., Lane, T. J., & Qin, P. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13010122 · Cited by 46
Meta-analytic evidence for a core problem solving network across multiple representational domains
Bartley, J. E., Boeving, E. R., Riedel, M. C., Bottenhorn, K. L., Salo, T., Eickhoff, S. B., Brewe, E. T., Sutherland, M. T., & Laird, A. R. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.009 · Cited by 49
Time dilation and acceleration in depression
Kent, L., Doorn, G. H. V., & Klein, B. (2019) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.02.003 · Cited by 42
Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and At-Risk Mental States—A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies
Kowalski, J., Aleksandrowicz, A., Dąbkowska, M., & Gawęda, Ł. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184126 · Cited by 45
Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: The contribution of cerebral metabolic changes
Cho, S. S., Aminian, K., Li, C. N., Lang, A. E., Houle, S., & Strafella, A. P. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23360 · Cited by 41
“The insular cortex is a limbic region well known for processing relevant information related to the state of the body [Williamson et al., 2003] linking the DMN to the CEN in guiding cognitive/emotional behavior [Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008].”
Background
Clinical relevance of amnestic versus non‐amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtyping in Parkinson's disease
Chung, S. J., Park, Y. ‐., Yun, H. J., Kwon, H., Yoo, H. S., Sohn, Y. H., Lee, J. ‐., & Lee, P. H. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13886 · Cited by 41
“consistent activation of the SN modulates the activation of the CEN and deactivation of the DMN during cognitively demanding tasks) [10].”
Background
Toward integrated understanding of salience in psychosis
Miyata, J. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.002 · Cited by 44
Visual snow syndrome, the spectrum of perceptual disorders, and migraine as a common risk factor: A narrative review
Klein, A. N., & Schankin, C. J. (2021) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.14213 · Cited by 42
Decreased salience network fMRI functional connectivity following a course of rTMS for treatment-resistant depression
Godfrey, K. E. M., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Stinear, C. M., & Hoeh, N. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.129 · Cited by 39
Segregating sustained attention from response inhibition in ADHD: An fMRI study
Hwang, S., Meffert, H., Parsley, I. C., Tyler, P. M., Erway, A. K., Botkin, M. L., Pope, K., & Blair, J. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101677 · Cited by 43
“Additionally, there have been suggestions that ADHD is related to impairment in the salience network, which plays an important role in switching between the DMN and the central executive network (CEN) when a task is required (Goulden et al., 2014; Sidlauskaite et al., 2016a).”
Background
Resting state networks activity in euthymic bipolar disorder
Bellani, M., Bontempi, P., Zovetti, N., Rossetti, M. G., Perlini, C., Dusi, N., Squarcina, L., Marinelli, V., Zoccatelli, G., Alessandrini, F., et al. (2020) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12900 · Cited by 40
Dysfunctional insular connectivity during reward prediction in patients with first-episode psychosis
Schmidt, A., Palaniyappan, L. K., Smieskova, R., Simon, A. E., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Lang, U. E., Fusar‐Poli, P., McGuire, P. K., & Borgwardt, S. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.150234 · Cited by 41
Inhibition of Information Flow to the Default Mode Network During Self-Reference Versus Reference to Others
Soch, J., Deserno, L., Assmann, A., Barman, A., Walter, H., Richardson‐Klavehn, A., & Schott, B. H. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw206 · Cited by 40
“Along the same line, it is likely that other brain regions, for example, salience network structures (Goulden et al. 2014), also relay information to the DMN, possibly as a function of content or modality.”
BackgroundInfluential
Disrupted network cross talk, hippocampal dysfunction and hallucinations in schizophrenia
Hare, S., Law, A., Ford, J. M., Mathalon, D. H., Ahmadi, A., Damaraju, E., Bustillo, J., Belger, A., Lee, H. J., Mueller, B. A., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.004 · Cited by 42
“The DMN is associated with internally-directed attention and self-referential processing (Raichle, 2015); network hubs include medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral angular gyri.”
Influential
Trait Emotional Empathy and Resting State Functional Connectivity in Default Mode, Salience, and Central Executive Networks
Bilevicius, E., Kolesar, T. A., Smith, S. D., Trapnell, P. D., & Kornelsen, J. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8070128 · Cited by 37
“In our results, functional connectivity of two regions, the cuneus and fusiform gyrus, is positively correlated with trait emotional empathy within the IC containing the SN but negatively correlated with trait emotional empathy within the ICs containing the DMN and CEN, lending support to the concept of the SN as a ne…”
Associations Between Neonatal Brain Structure, the Home Environment, and Childhood Outcomes Following Very Preterm Birth
Vanes, L. D., Hadaya, L., Kanel, D., Falconer, S., Ball, G., Batallé, D., Counsell, S. J., Edwards, A. D., & Nosarti, C. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.05.002 · Cited by 40
“The insula plays an important role in mediating among relevant networks to modulate behavior (71) and enable goal-directed cognitive processes (72,73).”
Transcriptional substrates of brain structural and functional impairments in drug-naive first-episode patients with major depressive disorder
Fang, Q., Cai, H., Jiang, P., Zhao, H., Song, Y., Zhao, W., Yu, Y., & Zhu, J. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.051 · Cited by 38
Functional networks in prolonged disorders of consciousness
Li, H., Zhang, X., Sun, X., Dong, L., Lu, H., Yue, S., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1113695 · Cited by 39
“In addition, the SN may also serve as a “switch” between the “task-positive” network and the “task-negative” network (Goulden et al., 2014).”
Background
Dynamic task-linked switching between brain networks – A tri-network perspective
Shaw, S. B., McKinnon, M. C., Heisz, J. J., & Becker, S. (2021) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105725 · Cited by 46
Spindle–slow oscillation coupling correlates with memory performance and connectivity changes in a hippocampal network after sleep
Bastian, L., Samanta, A., de Paula, D. R., Weber, F. D., Schoenfeld, R., Dresler, M., & Genzel, L. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25893 · Cited by 38
“It has been shown that opposite shifts between the default mode network and the executive control network facilitate the transfer between resting and focusing attention (Goulden et al., 2014; Menon & Uddin, 2010).”
Background
Functional brain networks underlying detection and integration of disconfirmatory evidence
Lavigne, K. M., Metzak, P. D., & Woodward, T. S. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.043 · Cited by 42
“This network can be described as the well-documented salience network, which is involved in attending to environmentally-salient stimuli and has been hypothesized to be responsible for switching between largescale brain networks to allow access to relevant cognitive and sensory systems (Goulden et al., 2014; Menon and…”
Resting-state functional connectivity correlates of anxiety co-morbidity in major depressive disorder
Briley, P. M., Webster, L., Boutry, C., Cottam, W. J., Auer, D. P., Liddle, P. F., & Morriss, R. K. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104701 · Cited by 42
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 4: The Medial Frontal Lobe, Anterior Cingulate Gyrus, and Orbitofrontal Cortex
Baker, C. M., Burks, J. D., Briggs, R. G., Stafford, J. F., Conner, A. K., Glenn, C. A., Sali, G., McCoy, T. M., Battiste, J. D., OʼDonoghue, D. L., et al. (2018) · Operative Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/ons/opy257 · Cited by 36
How Spirituality May Mitigate Against Stress and Related Mental Disorders: a Review and Preliminary Neurobiological Evidence
McClintock, C. H., Worhunsky, P. D., Balodis, I. M., Sinha, R., Miller, L., & Potenza, M. N. (2019) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-019-00195-0 · Cited by 44
Microstructural damage of white-matter tracts connecting large-scale networks is related to impaired executive profile in alcohol use disorder
Crespi, C., Galandra, C., Canessa, N., Manera, M. R., Poggi, P., & Basso, G. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102141 · Cited by 38
Age differences in the neural correlates of distraction regulation: A network interaction approach
Amer, T., Anderson, J. A. E., Campbell, K. L., Hasher, L., & Grady, C. L. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.036 · Cited by 46
“…et al., 2007, 2008; Seeley et al., 2007), have also been shown to support cognitive task performance by mediating the switching between externally and internally oriented brainnetworks and adjusting their activity in accordance with task demands (Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008).”
Background
Neuromodulation for treatment-resistant depression: Functional network targets contributing to antidepressive outcomes
Idlett-Ali, S., Salazar, C. A., Bell, M. S., Short, E. B., & Rowland, N. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1125074 · Cited by 44
“Several other authors have hypothesized that SN performs a switching mechanism during effective treatment of depression, since it appears to refocus maladaptive ruminative behavior driven by DMN towards purposeful executive function and planning behavior driven by CEN (Sridharan et al., 2008; Menon, 2011; Goulden et a…”
Background
Convergent abnormality in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in insomnia disorder: A revisited neuroimaging meta-analysis of 39 studies
Reimann, G. M., Küppers, V., Camilleri, J. A., Hoffstaedter, F., Langner, R., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. T., Spiegelhalder, K., Eickhoff, S. B., & Tahmasian, M. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101821 · Cited by 37
The relationship of perceptual discrimination to neural mechanisms of fear generalization
Tuominen, L. J., Boeke, E. A., DeCross, S. N., Wolthusen, R. P. F., Nasr, S., Milad, M. R., Vangel, M. G., Tootell, R. B. H., & Holt, D. J. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.034 · Cited by 34
“The cluster within the superior frontal gyrus showing fear generalization was located in the supplementary motor area (see http://neurosynth.org (Yarkoni et al., 2011) and within the Salience Network (SN; Seeley et al., 2007) according to functional connectivity criteria (Yeo et al., 2011).”
The role of node dynamics in shaping emergent functional connectivity patterns in the brain
Forrester, M., Crofts, J. J., Sotiropoulos, S. N., Coombes, S., & O’Dea, R. D. (2020) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00130 · Cited by 34
“One such approach is dynamic causal modelling, as employed in Goulden et al. (2014) and Van de Steen, Almgren, Razi, Friston, and Marinazzo (2019) for empirical data.”
BackgroundMethod
Structural connectivity profile supports laterality of the salience network
Zhang, Y., Suo, X., Ding, H., Liang, M., Yu, C., & Qin, W. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24769 · Cited by 38
“…mode network (DMN) and central executive network (CEN; Fox, Snyder, Vincent, & Raichle, 2007; Sridharan, Levitin, & Menon, 2008), in which the frontoinsular cortex (FIC) and dorsal anterior cin- gulate cortex (dACC) are two core hubs (Goulden et al., 2014; Seeley et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2010).”
Background
Parsing inter- and intra-individual variability in key nervous system mechanisms of stress responsivity and across functional domains
Rab, S. L., & Admon, R. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.007 · Cited by 36
Alterations in the default mode‐salience network circuit provide a potential mechanism supporting negativity bias in depression
Guha, A., Yee, C. M., Heller, W., & Miller, G. A. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13918 · Cited by 42
Understanding and Managing Cognition in the Depressed Patient
Papakostas, G. I., & Culpepper, L. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13086ah1c · Cited by 35
Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state predicts social well-being
Kong, F., Xue, S., & Wang, X. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.012 · Cited by 38
A Longitudinal Multimodal Neuroimaging Study to Examine Relationships Between Resting State Glutamate and Task Related BOLD Response in Schizophrenia
Cadena, E. J., White, D. M., Kraguljac, N. V., Reid, M. A., Maximo, J. O., Nelson, E. A., Gawronski, B. A., & Lahti, A. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00632 · Cited by 35
“The SN which comprises the anterior insula and dorsal ACC is involved in the detection and processing of salient events (26) as well as switching between cognitive networks and the DMN (27).”
Background
Effective connectivity of the right anterior insula in schizophrenia: The salience network and task-negative to task-positive transition
Luo, Q., Pan, B., Gu, H., Simmonite, M., Francis, S., Liddle, P. F., & Palaniyappan, L. K. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102377 · Cited by 35
Dynamic functional networks in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Alterations and reversibility by CSF tap test
Griffa, A., Bommarito, G., Assal, F., Herrmann, F. R., Ville, D. V. D., & Allali, G. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25308 · Cited by 34
“It is also well understood that the interaction between the SAL, DMN, and ECN is central to the accomplishment of higher order functions and integration of internal and external stimulus-driven mental processes (Goulden et al., 2014; Jilka et al., 2014; Menon, 2011; Menon & Uddin, 2010).”
Background
The Social Connectome – Moving Toward Complexity in the Study of Brain Networks and Their Interactions in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Maliske, L., & Kanske, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.845492 · Cited by 37
Envisioning the future: An ALE meta-analysis on neural correlates of future thinking, prospective memory and delay discounting
Cona, G., Santacesaria, P., & Scarpazza, C. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105355 · Cited by 32
“The Salience Network is interconnected with both the Default Network and the Frontoparietal Central Executive network and acts as a switch between the two networks (Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008).”
Structural and Functional Disruption of Salience Network in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Xue, C., Sun, H., Yue, Y., Wang, S., Qi, W., Hu, G., Ge, H., Yuan, Q., Rao, J., Tian, L., et al. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00051 · Cited by 34
Functional and structural neuroplasticity associated with second language proficiency: An MRI study of Chinese-English bilinguals
Wang, R., Ke, S., Zhang, Q., Zhou, K., Li, P., & Yang, J. (2020) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100940 · Cited by 38
Leveraging Brain Modularity Prior for Interpretable Representation Learning of fMRI
Wang, Q., Wang, W., Fang, Y., Yap, P., Hongtu Zhu, B., Li, H., Qiao, L., & Liu, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3370415 · Cited by 33
“In particular, salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and default mode network (DMN) are three fundamental neurocognitive modules / subnetworks in human brains, supporting e ff ective cognitive activities Goulden et al. (2014).”
Background
Disrupted interactions among the hippocampal, dorsal attention, and central‐executive networks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Chand, G. B., Hajjar, I. M., & Qiu, D. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24339 · Cited by 28
The Structural and Functional Neuroanatomy of Post-Stroke Depression and Executive Dysfunction: A Review of Neuroimaging Findings and Implications for Treatment
Jaywant, A., DelPonte, L., Kanellopoulos, D., O’Dell, M. W., & Gunning, F. M. (2020) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988720968270 · Cited by 33
“The salience network includes the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and is thought to prioritize incoming stimuli and sensory inputs(30) and to modulate a “switch” between default mode and cognitive control network activity.(31,32) Of note, the salience network and cognitive control network are also implicat…”
Background
Differential Alterations in Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated with Depressive Symptoms and Early Life Adversity
Fadel, E., Boeker, H., Gärtner, M., Richter, A., Kleim, B., Seifritz, E., Grimm, S., & Wade-Bohleber, L. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11050591 · Cited by 33
“The SN’s main nodes are the insular cortex and anterior cingulate cortex and this network is crucial for the detection of salient information as well as for switching between the DMN and CEN [10,11].”
BackgroundInfluential
Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition
Smith, P. J. (2019) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-190083 · Cited by 35
“Thus, coordination of the DMN and SN are critical to attentional / executive control and reduction of internal distractors [402, 403].”
Background

Authors: Goulden, N., Khusnulina, A., Davis, N. J., Bracewell, R. M., Bokde, A. L., McNulty, J. P., & Mullins, P. G.
Affiliations: Bangor University (GB)
Trinity College Dublin (IE)
University College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author: Goulden, Nia
ORCID: Goulden, Nia
Davis, Nicholas J.
Bracewell, Robert M.
Bokde, Arun L.
McNulty, Jonathan P.
Mullins, Paul G.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-10
Volume: 99
Pages: 180-190
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.052
OpenAlex: W2066208486
Cited by: 810
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 65 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 18.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
e-space.mmu.ac.uk
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: European Regional Development Fund
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Keywords: salience network, default mode network, frontoparietal network, network switching, dynamic causal modeling, independent component analysis, resting state, Granger causality, reproducibility, brain connectivity
MeSH terms: Adult, Bayes Theorem, Brain Mapping, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Rest, Stochastic Processes, Executive Function

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The salience network is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the central executive network: Replication from DCM

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks