The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The salience network is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the central executive network: Replication from DCM
Open accessAbstract
With the advent of new analysis methods in neuroimaging that involve independent component analysis (ICA) and dynamic causal modelling (DCM), investigations have focused on measuring both the activity and connectivity of specific brain networks. In this study we combined DCM with spatial ICA to investigate network switching in the brain. Using time courses determined by ICA in our dynamic causal models, we focused on the dynamics of switching between the default mode network (DMN), the network which is active when the brain is not engaging in a specific task, and the central executive network (CEN), which is active when the brain is engaging in a task requiring attention. Previous work using Granger causality methods has shown that regions of the brain which respond to the degree of subjective salience of a stimulus, the salience network, are responsible for switching between the DMN and the CEN (Sridharan et al., 2008). In this work we apply DCM to ICA time courses representing these networks in resting state data. In order to test the repeatability of our work we applied this to two independent datasets. This work confirms that the salience network drives the switching between default mode and central executive networks and that our novel technique is repeatable.
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“The SN has been implicated in switching between these networks and in processing self-relevant emotional information (Goulden et al., 2014; Kaiser et al., 2015b).”
From Understanding and predicting future relapse in depression from resting state functional connectivity and self-referential processing (2023) · cites this paper as Goulden et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Together, the VLPFC-anterior insula have been shown to form a fronto-insular functional node implicated in switching between salience and executive control networks (Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Goulden et al., 2014
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Citations
Cites
A default mode of brain function
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The Brain's Default Network: Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 · Cited by 9,761
An Information-Maximization Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution
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Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications
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A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm
Ashburner, J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 · Cited by 8,122
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
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Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00202-7 · Cited by 4,583
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Noda, Y. (2026) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2026.2717170
“In particular, reduced flexibility in switching between default mode and central executive states, a process typically mediated by the SN, reflects a fundamental deficit in the adaptive allocation of attentional and emotional resources [36].”
Li, Q., Xing, Y., Shan, Y., Yin, Y., Tang, Y., & Lu, J. (2026) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/15333175261491804
“70 At the network level, a significant negative partial correlation was observed between FPN connectivity and MMSE scores in NC.”
Frontoparietal effective connectivity supports working memory in early childhoodPreprint
Guedj, C., Bollinger, L., Marié, D., Laera, G., CERESETTI, R., Comparini, A., Richiardi, J., Kliegel, M., & James, C. E. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.23.753700
Triple network brain dynamics in chronic HIV disease associated with cognitive deficits
Jordan, I. A., Shappell, H. M., Towe, S. L., Khodaei, M., Lyday, R. G., Laurienti, P. J., & Meade, C. S. (2026) · Aperture Neuro · doi:10.52294/001c.171294
Effiong, E. N., Gimbason, P. (. D. M., Ngwai, Y. B., & Gajere, J. (2026) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag359
“18,36,37 These patterns are consistent with adaptive downregulation of high-cost neural activity under conditions of energetic constraint, though direct evidence linking network-level changes to cellular metabolic measures remains limited.”
Guo, T., Chang, Q., Liu, X., Dang, Q., Chen, J., Chen, S., & Guo, T. (2026) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.70420
“…(AI), and thalamus (Thal) [ 60 ]; the CEN included the middle cingulate cortex (MCC), bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and basal ganglia (BG) [ 61 ]; and the CBN comprised the eight cerebellar nodes [ 62 ].”
Poststroke sleep phenotypes and executive dysfunction: toward a sleep-network-executive framework
Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Lin, D., Yan, X., Xie, N., Si, S., & ShuMing, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1978796
Davies, E. J., Ertl, N., Freeman Tom, P., Borissova, A., Thorne, R. L., Ofori, S., Petrilli, K., Mokrysz, C., Curran, H. V., Lawn, W., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.760368
Effort-based decision-making: A value-guided dissection and arousal-focused synthesis
Clairis, N., & Tobler, P. N. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.107062
Metadata
- Authors
- Goulden, N., Khusnulina, A., Davis, N. J., Bracewell, R. M., Bokde, A. L., McNulty, J. P., & Mullins, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Goulden, Nia
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 99
- Pages
- 180-190
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066208486
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 18.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- e-space.mmu.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- salience network, default mode network, frontoparietal network, network switching, dynamic causal modeling, independent component analysis, resting state, Granger causality, reproducibility, brain connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bayes Theorem, Brain Mapping, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Rest, Stochastic Processes, Executive Function
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