The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The salience network is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the central executive network: Replication from DCM
Open accessAbstract
With the advent of new analysis methods in neuroimaging that involve independent component analysis (ICA) and dynamic causal modelling (DCM), investigations have focused on measuring both the activity and connectivity of specific brain networks. In this study we combined DCM with spatial ICA to investigate network switching in the brain. Using time courses determined by ICA in our dynamic causal models, we focused on the dynamics of switching between the default mode network (DMN), the network which is active when the brain is not engaging in a specific task, and the central executive network (CEN), which is active when the brain is engaging in a task requiring attention. Previous work using Granger causality methods has shown that regions of the brain which respond to the degree of subjective salience of a stimulus, the salience network, are responsible for switching between the DMN and the CEN (Sridharan et al., 2008). In this work we apply DCM to ICA time courses representing these networks in resting state data. In order to test the repeatability of our work we applied this to two independent datasets. This work confirms that the salience network drives the switching between default mode and central executive networks and that our novel technique is repeatable.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The SN has been implicated in switching between these networks and in processing self-relevant emotional information (Goulden et al., 2014; Kaiser et al., 2015b).”
From Understanding and predicting future relapse in depression from resting state functional connectivity and self-referential processing (2023) · cites this paper as Goulden et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Together, the VLPFC-anterior insula have been shown to form a fronto-insular functional node implicated in switching between salience and executive control networks (Goulden et al., 2014; Sridharan et al., 2008).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Goulden et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
The Brain's Default Network: Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 · Cited by 9,761
An Information-Maximization Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution
Bell, A. J., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1995) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1995.7.6.1129 · Cited by 8,986
Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications
Hyvärinen, A., & Erkki Oja, A. (2000) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(00)00026-5 · Cited by 8,926
Independent component analysis, A new concept?
Comon, P. (1994) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/0165-1684(94)90029-9 · Cited by 8,324
A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm
Ashburner, J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 · Cited by 8,122
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0 · Cited by 5,592
Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00202-7 · Cited by 4,583
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 809
Cai, L., Xu, X., Fan, X., Ma, J., Fan, M., Wang, Q., Wu, Y., Pan, N., Yin, Z., & Li, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.748919 · Cited by 4
“In contrast to our study, Grady et al. (2015) found that bilinguals had stronger functional connectivity than monolinguals in the FP network, while no difference was found in the CO network.”
BackgroundResultAssaf, R., Ouellet, J., Bourque, J., Stip, É., Leyton, M., Conrod, P., & Potvin, S. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424001317 · Cited by 3
Functional connectome-based predictive modeling of suicidal ideation
Averill, L. A., Tamman, A. J. F., Fouda, S., Averill, C. L., Nemati, S., Ragnhildstveit, A., Gosnell, S. N., Akiki, T. J., Salas, R., & Abdallah, C. G. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119518 · Cited by 5
Impacts of FKBP5 variants on large-scale brain network connectivity in healthy adults
Zhang, H., Wang, Y. F., Zheng, L. J., Lin, L., Zhang, X. Y., Yang, Y. T., Liu, Y., Lu, G., & Zhang, L. J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.007 · Cited by 4
Wang, F., Chen, D., & Sui, J. (2022) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-022-00990-5 · Cited by 5
Starr, G. G. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/13829.001.0001 · Cited by 4
Tseng, H.-C., & Hsieh, I.-H. (2024) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.011 · Cited by 4
Abnormal structural covariance networks in young adults with recent cannabis use
Li, J., & Xu, H. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108029 · Cited by 4
Stoyanov, D., Paunova, R., Najar, D., Zlateva, G., Kandilarova, S., Khorev, V. S., & Kurkin, S. (2024) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/2024/7739939 · Cited by 4
Gerge, A., Rudstam, G., & Söndergaard, H. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1454483 · Cited by 6
Treating non-motor symptoms in dystonia: a systematic review
Sugar, D., & Richardson, S. P. (2025) · Dystonia · doi:10.3389/dyst.2025.14545 · Cited by 4
Balancing act: A neural trade-off between coherence and creativity in spontaneous speech
Patel, T., MacPherson, S. E., & Hoffman, P. (2025) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.001 · Cited by 6
An Overview of Machine Learning Applications in Mood Disorders
Topolski, N., Jeong, S. H., & Mwangi, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018.017 · Cited by 4
Yüncü, Z., Celik, Z. C., Çolak, Ç., Thapa, T., Fornito, A., Bora, E., Kitiş, Ö., & Zorlu, N. (2021) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2781 · Cited by 4
“This was followed by co‐registration to the corresponding T1w using boundary‐based registration (Greve & Fischl, 2009) with nine degrees of freedom, using flirt (FSL v5.”
MethodImpact of aversive affect on neural mechanisms of categorization decisions
Levitas, D. J., Folco, K. L., & James, T. W. (2023) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3312 · Cited by 3
Caceres, G. A., Scambray, K. A., Malee, K., Smith, R. A., Williams, P. L., Wang, L., & Jenkins, L. M. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.026 · Cited by 4
Joyner, K. J., Patrick, C. J., Morris, D. H., McCarthy, D. M., & Bartholow, B. D. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01874-7 · Cited by 5
LORETA Neurofeedback at precuneus in 3-year-old female with intrauterine drug exposure
Cannon, R. L., Strunk, W., Carroll, S., & Carroll, S. (2018) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.5.2.75 · Cited by 4
“Importantly the anterior insula is considered a core hub in the salience network (Goulden et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSocial Justice and Autism: Links to Personality and Advocacy
Kapp, S. K. (2016) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 4
Oishi, K., Soldan, A., Pettigrew, C. A., Hsu, J., Mori, S., Albert, M., & Oishi, K. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3988014 · Cited by 5
Maliske, L., Lehmann, K., Schurz, M., Hildebrandt, M. K., Jauk, E., & Kanske, P. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/c6gsz · Cited by 4
Salience Network And Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's DiseasePreprint
Yeager, B. E., Twedt, H. P., Bruss, J., Schultz, J. L., & Narayanan, N. S. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.23296825 · Cited by 4
Liu, H., Gu, Z.-X., Li, X. ‐., & Huang, X. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s501849 · Cited by 3
Kokubun, K., Nemoto, K., & Yamakawa, Y. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15060617 · Cited by 3
“The saliency network (SN) includes the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), anterior insular cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) [23], and responds to subjective salience [24].”
Mori, K., & Sakano, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1640801 · Cited by 3
Hu, Y., Cao, X., Chen, H., Geng, D., & Lv, K. (2025) · Cancer Imaging · doi:10.1186/s40644-025-00920-x · Cited by 3
“The salience network modulates the activation of the DMN and central executive network by detecting the presence of salient stimuli [33].”
Johansson, C., Koenig, T. W., Smailović, U., Hallström, V., Jelić, V., & Graff, C. (2025) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103879 · Cited by 3
“Activation of the salience network coordinates appropriate responses to different internal and external stimuli (Goulden et al., 2014; Seeley et al., 2007).”
Neurovascular coupling abnormalities in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients
Cai, S., Guo, Q., Wu, X., Fang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Shang, D., Chen, T., Lv, Y., Duan, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07503-x · Cited by 3
“The INS serves as an interface between sensory, mood control, and cognition functions [35], characterized as a dynamic switch between the DMN and the central executive network [36].”
A lifespan staging model of basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability
Shanks, H. R. C., Chen, S., Onuska, K. M., & Schmitz, T. W. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71380 · Cited by 3
“53 In this sense, the selective vulnerability of BFCNs in humans may stem in part from evolutionary pressures (i.e., Stage 0 ) required to support a progressively more complex cognitive repertoire.”
Hamamoto, Y., Oba, K., Ishibashi, R., Ding, Y., Nouchi, R., & Sugiura, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1337776 · Cited by 5
Fan, Y., Zhang, S., Sheng, W., Guo, J., Ling, H., Cui, Q., Huang, W., & Chen, H. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111283 · Cited by 4
Adamczyk, P., Więcławski, W., Wójcik, M., Frycz, S., Panek, B., Jáni, M., & Wyczesany, M. (2025) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.111985 · Cited by 3
“The primal function of SN is to coordinate the activities of DMN and CEN, i.e., switching from one type of global activity to the other as an internal-external states coordinator (Goulden et al., 2014).”
Effective connectivity analysis of response inhibition functional network
Giuliano, M. D., Schumann, A., de la Cruz, F., da Silva, P. H. R., & Bär, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1525038 · Cited by 3
Matyi, M. A., Radhakrishnan, H., Olm, C. A., Phillips, J. S., Cook, P. A., Rhodes, E., Gee, J. C., Irwin, D. J., McMillan, C. T., & Massimo, L. M. (2025) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2025.103853 · Cited by 6
“Alternatively, executive dysfunction may emerge from the failure of a de-differentiated salience network to recruit the frontoparietal control network (Goulden et al., 2014).”
Zeng, T.-A., Wang, N.-N., Zhu, H., Xiao, H., Li, F., Li, H., Wei, X., Chen, J., Yang, F., & Ma, H. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2025_jslhr-24-00647 · Cited by 3
Tsai, C., Yang, C., Chen, C., Chen, I., & Liang, K.-C. (2015) · Empirical Studies of the Arts · doi:10.1177/0276237415594707 · Cited by 3
“Recently, the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula were found to drive the switching between a task requiring attention and a wakeful rest (Goulden et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRybska, E., & Błaszak, M. (2020) · Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji · doi:10.26881/pwe.2020.49.04 · Cited by 3
“The salience network is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the central executive network (Goulden et al. 2014).”
BackgroundNeurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Carletto, S., Panero, M., Cavallo, M., & Pagani, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_11 · Cited by 3
Becquet, C., Viader, F., Eustache, F., & Quinette, P. (2021) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2021.1912359 · Cited by 3
“The salience network is known to be involved in switching between the DMN and the central executive network and then from the processing of self information toward external task (Goulden et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCheng, B., Meng, Y., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Zeng, J., Tan, X., Zhang, K., Luo, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.627871 · Cited by 3
(2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018 · Cited by 3
Whitehead, J. C., & Armony, J. L. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.011 · Cited by 3
Similarities and differences between intermittent and continuous resting-state fMRI
Bereśniewicz, J., Riemer, F., Kazimierczak, K., Ersland, L., Craven, A. R., Hugdahl, K., & Grüner, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1238888 · Cited by 3
“hypothesis that the salience network (SN) plays a significant role in switching between the CEN and DMN has been suggested in previous studies (Mesulam, 1998; Craig, 2002; Critchley et al., 2004; Goulden et al., 2014).”
ResultAdams, T. G., Kelmendi, B., George, J. R., Forte, J., Hubert, T., Wild, H., Rippey, C. S., & Pittenger, C. (2023) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107825 · Cited by 4
Wei, H., Wei, C., Yu, Y., Yu, X., Chen, Y., Li, J., Zhang, H., & Chen, X. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24701 · Cited by 3
Liu, C., Li, L., Zhu, D., Lin, S., Ren, L., Zhen, W., Tan, W., Wang, L., Tian, L., Wang, Q., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.030 · Cited by 3
Hypoperfusion in Alzheimer’s Disease–Prone Regions and Dementia Conversion in Parkinson’s Disease
Chun, M. Y., Lee, T., Kim, S. H., Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. J., Lee, P. H., Sohn, Y. H., Jeong, Y., & Chung, S. J. (2024) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000005211 · Cited by 3
Mapping the neural mechanism that distinguishes between holistic thinking and analytic thinking
Teng, Y., Li, H., Chen, S. X., Castellanos, F. X., Yan, C., & Hu, X. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120627 · Cited by 6
“The dACC, a key node for processing conflicting information (Carter and van Veen, 2007), is affiliated with the salience network and plays a role in detecting and integrating emotional and sensory stimuli (Goulden et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBrown, O., Fang, Z., Smith, A., Healey, K., Zemek, R. L., & Ledoux, A. (2024) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2023.0096 · Cited by 4
“Research using nonin-jured pediatric samples reported various associations between resilience and resting-state FC of the SN with the DMN and CEN (Iadipaolo et al., 2018).”
InfluentialThe Neural Signature of Inner Peace: Morphometric Differences Between High and Low Accepters
Grecucci, A., Ghomroudi, P. A., Monachesi, B., & Messina, I. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02513-4 · Cited by 5
“The salience network is responsible for switching between the DMN and the central executive network, signalling the DMN to reduce its activity when attention is shifted from internal to external focus (Goulden et al., 2014; Jilka et al., 2014).”
A Neuro-Integrative Assessment of Perceptual-Motor Performance and Wellness in ROTC Cadets
Wilkerson, G. B., Colston, M. A., Grillo, A. N., Rogers, A., Perry, T. S., & Acocello, S. N. (2022) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125211067359 · Cited by 3
Duggento, A., Valenza, G., Passamonti, L., Guerrisi, M., Barbieri, R., & Toschi, N. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591966 · Cited by 3
“may be involved in the “switching” between the DMN and central executive networks (CEN) that are typically recruited during cognitive tasks [28], [29].”
BackgroundThe Default Mode Network and Executive Function
Brown, C. (2017) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2017.367 · Cited by 3
“Further, some researchers have suggested that the SAL network directly inhibits DMN activity (103).”
BackgroundBrain Functional Architecture and Human Understanding
Yufik, Y. M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.95594 · Cited by 3
Heartfelt Face Perception via the Interoceptive Pathway – an MEG studyPreprint
Kim, J., Park, H.-D., Kim, K. W., Shin, D. W., Lim, S., Kwon, H., Kim, M., Kim, K., & Jeong, B. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/200980 · Cited by 3
Wall, M. B., Freeman, T. P., Hindocha, C., Demetriou, L., Ertl, N., Freeman, A. M., Jones, A., Lawn, W., Pope, R. A., Mokrysz, C., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391805 · Cited by 3
“The insula is a key hub in the salience network (Seeley et al., 2007; Goulden et al., 2014; Uddin, 2014) and recent work using combined PET and fMRI methods has identified a link between mesolimbic dopamine systems and the salience network (McCutcheon et al., 2019b).”
Owens, M. M., MacKillop, J. M., McNally, S. M., Balodis, I. M., & Sweet, L. H. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/p6mnk · Cited by 3
Ertl, N., Lawn, W., Mokrysz, C., Freeman, T. P., Alnagger, N., Borissova, A., Fernandez‐Vinson, N., Lees, R., Ofori, S., Petrilli, K., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.24.505069 · Cited by 3
Investigation of functional connectivity differences based on anxiety tendencies
Oishi, M., Sakurai, N., Kawasaki, Y., Sasaki, K., Kasai, S., & Kodama, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1498612 · Cited by 2
Causal mechanisms of quadruple networks in pediatric bipolar disorder
Wang, R., Wang, C., Zhang, G., Mundiñano, I.-C., Zheng, G., Xiao, Q., & Zhong, Y. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724002885 · Cited by 2
“However, this step is not required for independent component analysis (ICA) since it separates motion and physiological noise as independent components (Goulden et al., 2014).”
Connectome imaging to facilitate preservation of the frontal aslant tract
Shah, H. A., Mittelman, L., Singha, S., Galvez, R., Cavallaro, J., Yaffe, B., Huang, G. C., Silverstein, J. W., & D’Amico, R. S. (2025) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2025.108726 · Cited by 2
Woodley, M. M. O., Zhao, Q., Goldston, D. B., Michael, A. M., Clark, D. B., Brown, S. A., & Nooner, K. B. (2025) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2025.2451799 · Cited by 2
“The SN supports goal-directed behaviors, focusing on emotion and reward functions (Goulden et al., 2014; Menon, 2019).”
Cui, X., Han, Y., Yan, H., Zhang, C., Li, X., Liang, J., Tang, C., Wu, W., Deng, W., Xie, G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.019 · Cited by 2
Yotsuya, C., Watanabe, K., Kasai, S., Umemura, Y., Shintaku, T., Ishimoto, Y., Sasaki, M., Nagaya, H., Tatsuo, S., Mikami, T., et al. (2025) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-025-01791-9 · Cited by 2
“Third, we performed SEM analysis based on the hypotheses that there are direct or indirect causal influences from the SN to the DMN and CEN [42] and that the SN plays a role in network switching between the DMN and CEN [17, 21, 42].”
InfluentialKim, H. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.124 · Cited by 2
“This network is well known for detecting salient, behaviorally relevant stimuli and coordinating adaptive neural responses ( Goulden et al., 2014; Menon & Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007).”
Fostering Creative Thinking Skills Through the Unconscious: A Novel Approach
Crijns, M., Biekens, P., & Kianush, K. (2025) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-025-00334-4 · Cited by 2
“Salience network dynamics: The salience network governs the adaptive switching between the executive and default networks, a mechanism that is critical for effective creative thinking (Goulden et al., 2014, p. 180; Menon, 2011, p. 501).”
Casar, J. C., Idiaquez, J. F., & Benarroch, E. E. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000214366 · Cited by 3
N-back task revisited: Comparing the neural correlates of updating and interference control
Hidalgo‐Lopez, E., Noachtar, I. A., & Pletzer, B. A. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1025 · Cited by 3
“These findings corroborate the insula’s pivotal role in reallocating top-down/bottom-up resources, especially with higher binding demands ( Goulden et al., 2014; Ko et al., 2013; Menon & Uddin, 2010; Wang et al., 2019), and the engagement of IFG in rule integration and contextual control ( Nee,…”
Berthold, M.-L., Hartmann, H., Farrher, E., Zimmermann, M., Jaeger, J. W., Shah, N. J., Schneider, K. M., Neuner, I., & Rajkumar, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1620488 · Cited by 2
“As part of the salience network (SN) (Seeley et al., 2007), the insula plays a role in directing attention to salient stimuli by modulating the activity of the executive control network (ECN) and the default mode network (DMN) (Goulden et al., 2014; Menon and Uddin, 2010) by acting as a junction between internal and e…”
InfluentialJimenez, F. T., Luft, C. D. B., & Bhattacharya, J. (2025) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2025.2591521 · Cited by 2
MCI-LB brain networks reorganization in relation to specific cognitive domains deficits
Onofrj, V., Franciotti, R., Mitterová, K., Brabenec, L., Gajdoš, M., Morávková, I., Ferretti, A., Spadone, S., Padulo, C., Baldassarre, A., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-36953-w · Cited by 2
“This switching is crucial for directing attention to either internal or external stimuli, ensuring efficient cognitive processing 25 .”
Liu, C., Fang, S., Cheng, C., Lin, P., Dong, D., Yao, S., Situ, W., & Wang, X. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111622 · Cited by 2
Zhou, X., Wu, S., Wang, K., Chen, L., Wei, Z., Li, T., Hua, Z., Huang, Y.-S., Xia, Q., Lv, Z., et al. (2026) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05343-0 · Cited by 2
Qian, X., Yue, W. L., Ng, K. K., Leong, R. L. F., Ji, F., Venketasubramanian, N., Hilal, S., Chen, C., Chee, M. W. L., Bassett, D. S., et al. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003738 · Cited by 2
“Although structural atrophy and white matter decline are common across multiple brain systems in aging, the SN may be particularly sensitive to disruptions in structure–function integration due to its pivotal role in network switching and brain state transitions [104–106].”
Iordan, A. D. (2016) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 2
Neuroimaging Studies of Effects of Psychotherapy in Depression
Bauer, I. E., & Meyer, T. D. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018.021 · Cited by 2
Recovering Hidden Responder Groups in Individuals Receiving Neurofeedback for Tinnitus
Riha, C., Güntensperger, D., Kleinjung, T., & Meyer, M. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.867704 · Cited by 2
Network based Identification of Dementia Onsets Using Structural MRI Network Signature
Adebisi, A. T., Gonuguntla, V., Lee, H., Hahm, M. H., & Veluvolu, K. C. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm55620.2022.9995588 · Cited by 2
“…signature networks are divided into salient, default mode and other region networks, where other region networks are the regions that are neither in salience nor default mode networks based on previous classification of cortical regions into various networks on the basis of their importance [23].”
BackgroundRidder, D. D., Smith, M. L., & Adhia, D. B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89827-0.00016-4 · Cited by 2
Wang, X., Zhou, X., Li, J., Gong, Y., & Feng, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1253727 · Cited by 2
Markovic, G., Li, T., & Persson, H. (2024) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine – Clinical Communications · doi:10.2340/jrmcc.v7.12436 · Cited by 2
“PCC plays a pivotal role in regulating the focus of attention (42) and is reported to be a part of the default mode network (DMN), the task negative network (3, 4).”
BackgroundLei, Z., Jin, Z., Xie, K., Li, S., Feng, L., Zhang, J., & Li, L. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120552 · Cited by 2
“…of a salience network, is responsible for salience-processing systems and switching between large-scale brain networks (e.g., the frontoparietal network and the default mode network) to facilitate the allocation of attentional resources (Bressler and Menon, 2010; Goulden et al., 2014; Uddin, 2015).”
BackgroundThalamocortical dysrhythmia and reward deficiency syndrome as uncertainty disorders
Ridder, D. D., & Vanneste, S. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.002 · Cited by 3
Kayış, H., Akyel, B., Yüncü, Z., Bora, E., & Zorlu, N. (2024) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111916 · Cited by 2
Sex differences in resting-state fMRI functional connectivity related to humor styles
Chang, C.-Y., Chan, Y., Chen, I.-F., & Chen, H. (2025) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.108983 · Cited by 2
Evans, I. D., Sharpley, C. F., Bitsika, V., Vessey, K. A., Williams, R. J., Jesulola, E., & Agnew, L. L. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15031459 · Cited by 2
Durak, S. F., Tahıllıoğlu, A., Songür, Ç. Y., Çoban, M., Varol, B., & Ercan, E. S. (2025) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2025.2493812 · Cited by 2
Son, J. J., Rice, D. L., Schantell, M. D., Picci, G., Okelberry, H. J., Coutant, A. T., Ende, G. C., Wang, Y., Stephen, J. M., Calhoun, V. D., et al. (2025) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaf037 · Cited by 2
“Evidence suggests that the insula-anchored salience network is responsible for evaluating the relevance of stimuli, relating them to goals and output behaviours, and contributing to the relative engagement of the frontoparietal and default mode networks (Menon 2011, Goulden et al. 2014).”
Borrell, L. R., Venezia, A. C., & Smith, J. C. (2025) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-025-02952-2 · Cited by 2
“In line with predictions of the triple network model, increased connectivity between the DMN and CEN was observed in conjunction with increased degree (i.e., high number of connections) of the right anterior insula, a critical hub of SAL.”
InfluentialInvestigating Neural Dynamics in Tinnitus Using Constrained Independent Component Analysis
Altunkaya, S., Özmen, G., & Babür, E. (2025) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1177/21580014251362839 · Cited by 2
“…ICA algorithm was executed in the Group ICA of the fMRI Toolbox (GIFT, https://trendscenter.org/software/ gift/) using fi ve different RSN templates de fi ned by (Shirer et al., 2012) as prior spatial locations (Altunkaya et al., 2021; Chand et al., 2017; Goulden et al., 2014; Shirer et al., 2012).”
Study of extravisual resting-state networks in pituitary adenoma patients with vision restoration
Wang, F., Zhou, T., Wang, P., Li, Z., Meng, X., & Jiang, J. (2022) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-022-00701-3 · Cited by 2
“Some studies have shown that the SN plays a role in the dynamic switching of antagonistic activity between the DMN and CEN in cognitively normal young brains [91, 98, 99].”
BackgroundNeuroimaging and the At-Risk Mental State
Lin, Y.-S., Fusar‐Poli, P., & Borgwardt, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97307-4_6 · Cited by 2
Functional Brain Imagery and Jungian Analytical Psychology: An Interesting Dance?
Petchkovsky, L., Petchkovsky, M., Morris, P., Dickson, P., Montgomery, D. T., Dwyer, J., Burnett, P., & Robertson-Gillam, K. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.82414 · Cited by 2
Electrophysiological Biomarkers for Mood Disorders
Ramakrishnan, N., Murphy, N., Selvaraj, S., & Cho, R. Y. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108623018.015 · Cited by 2
Kamal, F., Morrison, C., Campbell, K. B., & Taler, V. (2021) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100074 · Cited by 2
“A separate salience network computes the salience of unattended stimulus inputs, forwarding this information to the frontoparietal network (Goulden et al., 2014).”
The default mode of chronic pain: What does it mean and how should we frame it to our patients?
Johansson, E., Coppieters, I., & Nijs, J. (2023) · Journal of Spine Practice (JSP) · doi:10.18502/jsp.v2i2.12678 · Cited by 2
Connectomic Networks and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Glioma Treatment: A Review
Rawanduzy, C. A., Earl, E. R., Brooks, J. B., Khan, M., Dadario, N. B., Sughrue, M. E., & Karsy, M. J. (2023) · Indian Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1771214 · Cited by 2
Sbaihat, H., Rajkumar, R., Ramkiran, S., Assi, A. A., Shah, N. J., Veselinović, T., & Neuner, I. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.428223 · Cited by 2
Chand, G. B., Thakuri, D. S., & Soni, B. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.471183 · Cited by 2
“This approach renders better representation of networks compared to choosing an average or first eigen-variate of a template (Chand et al., 2018; Craddock et al., 2012; Goulden et al., 2014; Shirer et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAltered Brain Network Functional Connectivity One Month Following Pediatric ConcussionPreprint
Healey, K., Fang, Z., Smith, A., Zemek, R. L., & Ledoux, A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4055849 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Goulden, N., Khusnulina, A., Davis, N. J., Bracewell, R. M., Bokde, A. L., McNulty, J. P., & Mullins, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Goulden, Nia
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 99
- Pages
- 180-190
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066208486
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 18.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- e-space.mmu.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- salience network, default mode network, frontoparietal network, network switching, dynamic causal modeling, independent component analysis, resting state, Granger causality, reproducibility, brain connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bayes Theorem, Brain Mapping, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Rest, Stochastic Processes, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
