A task-invariant cognitive reserve network
Open accessAbstract
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) can explain individual differences in susceptibility to cognitive or functional impairment in the presence of age or disease-related brain changes. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that CR helps maintain performance in the face of pathology across multiple cognitive domains. We therefore tried to identify a single, "task-invariant" CR network that is active during the performance of many disparate tasks. In imaging data acquired from 255 individuals age 20-80 while performing 12 different cognitive tasks, we used an iterative approach to derive a multivariate network that was expressed during the performance of all tasks, and whose degree of expression correlated with IQ, a proxy for CR. When applied to held out data or forward applied to fMRI data from an entirely different activation task, network expression correlated with IQ. Expression of the CR pattern accounted for additional variance in fluid reasoning performance over and above the influence of cortical thickness, and also moderated between cortical thickness and reasoning performance, consistent with the behavior of a CR network. The identification of a task-invariant CR network supports the idea that life experiences may result in brain processing differences that might provide reserve against age- or disease-related changes across multiple tasks.
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Genetic and environmental factors, including longer education, greater physical activity, demanding leisure activities, and bilingualism, affect individual differences in reserve.
“Genetic55 and environmental factors,54,56 including longer education,32 greater physical activity,57 active participation in demanding leisure activities58 and bilingualism59,60 impact individual differences in reserve.”
From Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
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Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing
Cabeza, R., Albert, M., Belleville, S., Craik, F. I. M., Duarte, A., Grady, C. L., Lindenberger, U., Nyberg, L., Park, D. C., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2 · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Stern, Y., Gazes, Y., Razlighi, Q., Steffener, J., & Habeck, C.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stern, Yaakov
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 36-45
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6409097
- OpenAlex
- W2803347851
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 21.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG038465, R01 AG026158)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cognitive reserve, brain activation patterns, cognitive aging, fluid reasoning, IQ, cortical thickness, neuroplasticity, functional MRI
- MeSH terms
- Cognitive Aging, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Vocabulary, Young Adult, Executive Function, Cognitive Reserve
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