A common neural network for cognitive reserve in verbal and object working memory in young but not old
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that cognitive reserve (CR) mitigates the effects of aging on cognitive function. The goal of this study was to see whether a common neural mechanism for CR could be demonstrated in brain imaging data acquired during the performance of 2 tasks with differing cognitive processing demands. Young and elder subjects were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a delayed item response task that used either letters (40 young, 18 old) or shapes (24 young, 21 old). Difficulty or load was manipulated by varying the number of stimuli that were presented for encoding. Load-dependent fMRI signal corresponding to each trial component (stimulus presentation, retention delay, and probe) and task (letter or shape) was regressed onto 2 putative CR variables. Canonical variates analysis was applied to the resulting maps of regression coefficients, separately for each trial component, to summarize the imaging data--CR relationships. There was a latent brain pattern noted in the stimulus presentation phase that manifested similar relationships between load-related encoding activation and CR variables across the letter and shape tasks in the young but not the elder age group. This spatial pattern could represent a general neural instantiation of CR that is affected by the aging process.
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In a young group, an activation network was expressed during the stimulus presentation phase of both tasks and its increase in expression with increasing load correlated with cognitive reserve.
“In a young group of subjects we identified an activation network that was expressed during the stimulus presentation phase of both tasks and whose increase in expression with increasing load correlated with CR.”
From Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Stern, Y., Zarahn, E., Habeck, C., Holtzer, R., Rakitin, B. C., Kumar, A., Flynn, J., Steffener, J., & Brown, T.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-08-03
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 959-967
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC2519015
- OpenAlex
- W2108050527
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026158, R01-AG26158)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- cognitive reserve, verbal working memory, object working memory, aging, young and older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Nerve Net
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