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Graded Arrays of Spinal and Supraspinal V2a Interneuron Subtypes Underlie Forelimb and Hindlimb Motor Control
Open accessAbstract
The spinal cord contains neural networks that enable regionally distinct motor outputs along the body axis. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how segment-specific motor computations are processed because the cardinal interneuron classes that control motor neurons appear uniform at each level of the spinal cord. V2a interneurons are essential to both forelimb and hindlimb movements, and here we identify two major types that emerge during development: type I neurons marked by high Chx10 form recurrent networks with neighboring spinal neurons and type II neurons that downregulate Chx10 and project to supraspinal structures. Types I and II V2a interneurons are arrayed in counter-gradients, and this network activates different patterns of motor output at cervical and lumbar levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed type I and II V2a neurons are each comprised of multiple subtypes. Our findings uncover a molecular and anatomical organization of V2a interneurons reminiscent of the orderly way motor neurons are divided into columns and pools.
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“V2a interneurons have recently been shown to consist of two major subgroups that have different settling positions: a medial subgroup that expresses Nfib and Neurod2, and a lateral subgroup that expresses Shox2 and Zfhx3 (Hayashi et al., 2018).”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Hayashi et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“In the spinal cord, the birth date of spinal neurons has been shown to correlate with subtype identity and functional properties in several specific cases (Hayashi et al., 2018; Hollyday and Hamburger, 1977; Sockanathan and Jessell, 1998; Stam et al., 2012; Tripodi et al., 2011).”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Hayashi et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“In addition, neuronal subtypes vary along the rostral caudal axis of the neural tube (Hayashi et al., 2018; Philippidou and Dasen, 2013; Sweeney et al., 2018).”
From Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord (2019) · cites this paper as Hayashi et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“The prioritized neurons resembled developmentally defined V2a neurons located in the lumbar spinal cord35.”
From The neurons that restore walking after paralysis (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“These neurons originate from a subset of developmentally defined V2a neurons35,41–45, which describe a family of neuronal subpopulations distributed along the neuraxis35,41–45.”
From The neurons that restore walking after paralysis (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Specific subpopulations of V2a neurons in the brainstem, cervical spinal cord and lumbar spinal cord have been implicated in different aspects of motor control35,41–45.”
From The neurons that restore walking after paralysis (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“We first created a merged dataset with over one hundred thousand cells and nuclei from the first six published studies of the postnatal mouse spinal cord1–6.”
From A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hayashi, M., Hinckley, C. A., Driscoll, S. P., Moore, N. J., Levine, A. J., Hilde, K. L., Sharma, K., & Pfaff, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pfaff, Samuel L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 869-884.e5
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8601153
- OpenAlex
- W2785626601
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 10.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH-NCI CCSG (P30 014195)
- NINDS R24 Core Grant
- NEI
- Chapman Foundation
- Helmsley Charitable Trust
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology Long-Term Student Support Program
- Timken-Sturgis Foundation
- NIH NINDS
- George E. Hewitt Foundation for Medical Research
- Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
- NSF
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Sol Goldman Charitable Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- V2a interneurons, spinal interneurons, Chx10, interneuron subtypes, interneuron development, motor pools, single-cell RNA sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Forelimb, Hindlimb, Interneurons, Lumbosacral Region, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Neurons, Movement, Neural Pathways, Spinal Cord, Transcription Factors, Homeodomain Proteins, Cervical Cord
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