Increased excitation-inhibition ratio stabilizes synapse and circuit excitability in four autism mouse models
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Abstract
Distinct genetic forms of autism are hypothesized to share a common increase in excitation-inhibition (E-I) ratio in cerebral cortex, causing hyperexcitability and excess spiking. We provide a systematic test of this hypothesis across 4 mouse models (Fmr1-/y, Cntnap2-/-, 16p11.2 del/+, Tsc2+/-), focusing on somatosensory cortex. All autism mutants showed reduced feedforward inhibition in layer 2/3 coupled with more modest, variable reduction in feedforward excitation, driving a common increase in E-I conductance ratio. Despite this, feedforward spiking, synaptic depolarization, and spontaneous spiking were largely normal. Modeling revealed that E and I conductance changes in each mutant were quantitatively matched to yield stable, not increased, synaptic depolarization for cells near spike threshold. Correspondingly, whisker-evoked spiking was not increased in vivo despite detectably reduced inhibition. Thus, elevated E-I ratio is a common circuit phenotype but appears to reflect homeostatic stabilization of synaptic drive rather than driving network hyperexcitability in autism.
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16p11.2+/− mice (Mills) display deficient NMDA-receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission and reduced action potential firing frequency in mPFC pyramidal neurons, along with increased excitation-inhibition ratio in somatosensory cortex.
“The 16p11.2+/− mice (Mills) display deficient NMDA-receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission and reduced frequency of action potential firing in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal neurons [62], along with increased excitation-inhibition (E-I) ratio in somatosensory cortex [75].”
From 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [75]
In four etiologically distinct ASD mouse models, altered E/I balance was observed in the somatosensory cortex without corresponding changes in overall circuit excitability, suggesting altered E/I balance may be homeostatic compensation and not a primary mechanism mediating social impairments.
“in four etiologically distinct ASD mouse models, altered E/I balance was observed in the somatosensory cortex, without any corresponding changes in overall circuit excitability, suggesting altered E/I balance may be homeostatic compensation and not a primary mechanism mediating social impairments [131].”
From Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors (2023) · cites this paper as [131]
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- Authors
- Antoine, M. W., Langberg, T., Schnepel, P., & Feldman, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Antoine, Michelle W.
- Feldman, Daniel E.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 648-661.e4
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6733271
- OpenAlex
- W2950040155
- Cited by
- 413
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 30.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation (342096)
- NIH (R01 NS105333)
- Miller Institute for Basic Research
- Ford Foundation
- UC President’s Postdoctoral Fellowship Program
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, feedforward inhibition, somatosensory cortex, FMR1 gene, CNTNAP2, 16p11.2 deletion, TSC2, mouse models of autism, spontaneous spiking
- MeSH terms
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein, Animals, Autistic Disorder, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Somatosensory Cortex, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Mice, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1, Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials
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