CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 320Muscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and TrainingAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Protein requirements and supplementation in strength sports

Phillips, Stuart M·2004·Nutrition
DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Daily requirements for protein are set by the amount of amino acids that is irreversibly lost in a given day. Different agencies have set requirement levels for daily protein intakes for the general population; however, the question of whether strength-trained athletes require more protein than the general population is one that is difficult to answer. At a cellular level, an increased requirement for protein in strength-trained athletes might arise due to the extra protein required to support muscle protein accretion through elevated protein synthesis. Alternatively, an increased requirement for protein may come about in this group of athletes due to increased catabolic loss of amino acids associated with strength-training activities. A review of studies that have examined the protein requirements of strength-trained athletes, using nitrogen balance methodology, has shown a modest increase in requirements in this group. At the same time, several studies have shown that strength training, consistent with the anabolic stimulus for protein synthesis it provides, actually increases the efficiency of use of protein, which reduces dietary protein requirements. Various studies have shown that strength-trained athletes habitually consume protein intakes higher than required. A positive energy balance is required for anabolism, so a requirement for "extra" protein over and above normal values also appears not to be a critical issue for competitive athletes because most would have to be in positive energy balance to compete effectively. At present there is no evidence to suggest that supplements are required for optimal muscle growth or strength gain. Strength-trained athletes should consume protein consistent with general population guidelines, or 12% to 15% of energy from protein.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009

Cites

70 of 70 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 73 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Dohm, 1985, Biphasic changes in 3-methylhistdine excretion in humans after exercise, Am J Physiol, 248, E588
  2. Young, 1987, Leucine kinetics during three weeks at submaintainence-to-maintainence intakes of leucine in men, Hum Nutr Clin Nutr, 41C, 1
  3. Young, 1985, Nutritional balance studies, J Nutr, 116, 70

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 320

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Phillips, S. M.
Affiliations
McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author
Phillips, Stuart M
ORCID
Phillips, Stuart M
Venue
Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-07
Volume
20
Issue
7-8
Pages
689-695
ISSN
0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009
OpenAlex
W2097876721
Cited by
320
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI
1.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords
protein requirements, protein supplementation, strength-trained athletes, nitrogen balance, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein accretion, amino acid catabolism, energy balance, protein efficiency, protein intake
MeSH terms
Dietary Proteins, Humans, Muscle Proteins, Nutritional Requirements, Sports, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review