The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity
Abstract
Stress is thought to influence human eating behavior and has been examined in animal and human studies. Our understanding of the stress-eating relation is confounded by limitations inherent in the study designs; however, we can make some tentative conclusions that support the notion that stress can influence eating patterns in humans. Stress appears to alter overall food intake in two ways, resulting in under- or overeating, which may be influenced by stressor severity. Chronic life stress seems to be associated with a greater preference for energy- and nutrient-dense foods, namely those that are high in sugar and fat. Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that chronic life stress may be causally linked to weight gain, with a greater effect seen in men. Stress-induced eating may be one factor contributing to the development of obesity. Future studies that measure biological markers of stress will assist our understanding of the physiologic mechanism underlying the stress-eating relation and how stress might be linked to neurotransmitters and hormones that control appetite.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These findings are supportive of previous models suggesting that the accumulation of varied stressful events across the lifespan promote wear and tear on physiological systems that ultimately shape cellular aging processes (3,62–64).”
From Determinants of telomere attrition over 1 year in healthy older women: stress and health behaviors matter (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
Cites
Obesity : Preventing and managing the global epidemic
Akram, D. S., Astrup, A. V., Atinmo, T., Boissin, J.-L., Bray, G. A., Carroll, K. N., Chitson, P., Chen, C., Dietz, W. H., Hill, J. O., et al. (2000) · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · Cited by 12,945
Fetal origins of coronary heart disease
Barker, D. J. P. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171 · Cited by 3,570
The world health report 2001 - Mental health: new understanding, new hope
Sayers, J. (2001) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.1590/s0042-96862001001100014 · Cited by 3,307
Willner, P., Towell, A., Sampson, D., Sophokleous, S., & Muscat, R. (1987) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00187257 · Cited by 1,993
Endocrinology of the stress response
Charmandari, E., Tsigos, C., & Chrousos, G. (2005) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.120816 · Cited by 1,799
The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders
Arborelius, L., Owens, M., Plotsky, P., & Nemeroff, C. (1999) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1600001 · Cited by 1,378
Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities?
Björntorp, P. A. (2001) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x · Cited by 1,160
Epel, E., Lapidus, R., McEwen, B., & Brownell, K. (2001) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00035-4 · Cited by 1,060
Rosmond, R., Dallman, M. F., & Björntorp, P. A. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.6.4843 · Cited by 959
Human Physiology : From Cells to Systems
Sherwood, L. (1989) · Cited by 956
Greeno, C. G., & Wing, R. R. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.444 · Cited by 934
Prenatal stress, glucocorticoids and the programming of the brain
Welberg, L. A. M., & Seckl, J. R. (2001) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2001.00601.x · Cited by 928
Stress and Food Choice: A Laboratory Study
Oliver, G., Wardle, J., & Gibson, E. L. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200011000-00016 · Cited by 879
Fast foods, energy density and obesity: a possible mechanistic link
Prentice, A. M., & Jebb, S. A. (2003) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2003.00117.x · Cited by 731
Perceived Effects of Stress on Food Choice
Oliver, G. D., & WARDLE, J. (1999) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00322-9 · Cited by 684
Relationships between perceived stress and health behaviors in a sample of working adults
Ng, D. M., & Jeffery, R. W. (2003) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.22.6.638 · Cited by 663
Stunkard, A. J., Grace, W. J., & Wolff, H. G. (1955) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(55)90276-x · Cited by 612
Björntorp, P. A., & Rosmond, R. (2000) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00422-6 · Cited by 584
Papp, M., Willner, P., & Muscat, R. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244188 · Cited by 542
THE PSYCHOSOMATIC CONCEPT OF OBESITY
Kaplan, H. I., & Kaplan, H. S. (1957) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-195704000-00004 · Cited by 541
Stress and the gastrointestinal tract
Bhatia, V., & Tandon, R. (2005) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03508.x · Cited by 496
Environmental influences on food choice, physical activity and energy balance
Popkin, B. M., Duffey, K. J., & Gordon‐Larsen, P. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.051 · Cited by 474
Epel, E. S., McEwen, B. S., Seeman, T. E., Matthews, K. A., Castellazzo, G., Brownell, K. D., Bell, J., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200009000-00005 · Cited by 435
Stress-Related Eating and Drinking Behavior and Body Mass Index and Predictors of This Behavior
Laitinen, J. H., Ek, E., & Sovio, U. (2002) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0948 · Cited by 408
Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Pollard, T. M., Canaan, L., & Davies, G. J. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00095-5 · Cited by 382
Kivimäki, M., Head, J., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E., Vahtera, J., & Marmot, M. G. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803229 · Cited by 341
Colles, S. L., Dixon, J. B., & O'Brien, P. E. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803664 · Cited by 324
Grønli, J., Murison, R. C. C., Fiske, E., Bjorvatn, B., Sørensen, E., Portas, C. M., & URSIN, R. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.02.007 · Cited by 308
Martı́, O., Martı́, J., & Armario, A. (1994) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90055-8 · Cited by 305
Occupational Stress and Variation in Cigarette, Coffee, and Alcohol Consumption
Conway, T. L., Vickers, R. R., Ward, H., & Rahe, R. H. (1981) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136291 · Cited by 300
Stress-Induced Hyperphagia and Obesity in Rats: A Possible Model for Understanding Human Obesity
Rowland, N. E., & Antelman, S. M. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246617 · Cited by 248
The stress-eating paradox: Multiple daily measurements in adult males and females
Stone, A. A., & Brownell, K. D. (1994) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449408407469 · Cited by 233
Relationship Between Work Stress and Body Mass Index Among 45,810 Female and Male Employees
Kouvonen, A. M., Mika Kivimaki, B., Cox, S. J., Cox, T., & Vahtera, J. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000170330.08704.62 · Cited by 225
Sucrose consumption as an hedonic measure following chronic unpredictable mild stress
Matthews, K., Forbes, N., & Reid, I. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)00286-e · Cited by 223
Effect of repeated stress on body weight and body composition of rats fed low- and high-fat diets
Harris, R. B. S., Zhou, J., Youngblood, B. D., Rybkin, I. I., Smagin, G. N., & Ryan, D. H. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.6.r1928 · Cited by 209
The role of gender and taste class in the effects of stress on eating.
Grunberg, N. E., & Straub, R. O. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.11.2.97 · Cited by 207
Influence of social norms and palatability on amount consumed and food choice
Pliner, P. P., & Mann, N. H. (2004) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2003.12.001 · Cited by 203
Hagan, M. M., Chandler-Laney, P. C., Wauford, P. K., Rybak, R. J., & Oswald, K. D. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10168 · Cited by 202
Rippe, J. M., CROSSLEY, S., & RINGER, R. (1998) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00704-4 · Cited by 193
The role of gender and taste class in the effects of stress on eating.
Grunberg, N. E., & Straub, R. O. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.11.2.97 · Cited by 191
Changes in plasma lipids and dietary intake accompanying shifts in perceived workload and stress.
McCann, B. S., Warnick, G. R., & Knopp, R. H. (1990) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199001000-00008 · Cited by 187
Fetal Growth and the Adrenocortical Response to Psychological Stress
Jones, A., Godfrey, K. M., Wood, P., Osmond, C., Goulden, P., & Phillips, D. I. W. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2077 · Cited by 178
Predictors of major weight gain in adult Finns: Stress, life satisfaction and personality traits
Korkeila, M., Kaprio, J. A., Rissanen, A., Koskenvuo, M., & Sörensen, T. (1998) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800694 · Cited by 166
Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease
Glass, T. A. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf101 · Cited by 160
Single exposure to stressors causes long-lasting, stress-dependent reduction of food intake in rats
Vallès, A., Martı́, O., García, A., & Armario, A. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r1138 · Cited by 145
Effect of Restraint Stress on Feeding Behavior of Rats
Ely, D. R., Dapper, V. D., Marasca, J. A., Correa, J. B. B., Gamaro, G. D., Xavier, M., Michalowski, M. B., Catelli, D. H., Rosat, R. M., & Ferreira, M. B. C. (1997) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00450-7 · Cited by 143
Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease
Stansfeld, S. A., & Marmot, M. G. (2002) · Cited by 139
Frank, C. B., & Smith, S. (1990) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(90)72161-5 · Cited by 132
The Fetal Origins of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Barker, D. J. P. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-4-199902160-00019 · Cited by 130
Implications of obesity for cardiovascular disease in blacks: the CARDIA and ARIC studies
Folsom, A., Burke, G. L., Byers, C., Hutchinson, R., HEISS, G. M., Flack, J., Jacobs, D. R., & Caan, B. J. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1604s · Cited by 127
Regulation of appetite: role of leptin in signalling systems for drive and satiety
Blundell, J. E., Goodson, S., & Halford, J. C. G. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801693 · Cited by 116
Stress control and human nutrition
Takeda, E., Terao, J., Nakaya, Y., Miyamoto, K., Baba, Y., Chuman, H., Kaji, R., Ohmori, T., & Rokutan, K. (2004) · The Journal of Medical Investigation · doi:10.2152/jmi.51.139 · Cited by 116
Levine, A. S., & Morley, J. E. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1981.241.1.r72 · Cited by 113
Anton, S. D., & Miller, P. M. (2005) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445503261164 · Cited by 112
Life events, emotional eating and change in body mass index.
van Strien, T., Rookus, M. A., Bergers, G. P. A., Frijters, J. E. R., & Defares, P. B. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 109
Body weight gain, food intake and adrenal development in chronic noise stressed rats
Alario, P., Gamallo, A., Beato, M., & Trancho, G. J. (1987) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(87)90181-8 · Cited by 104
Schiffman, S. S., Graham, B. G., Sattely‐Miller, E. A., & Peterson-Dancy, M. (2000) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00403-2 · Cited by 103
Why Do We Eat? A Neural Systems Approach
Levine, A. S., & Billington, C. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.597 · Cited by 100
Relationships between a critical life event and eating behaviour in high‐school students
Michaud, C., Kahn, J. P., Musse, N., Burlet, C. R., Nicolas, J. P., & Méjean, L. (1990) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460060112 · Cited by 97
Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome: Closely Related Central Origin?
Björntorp, P. A. (2000) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037050050151762 · Cited by 96
Heinrichs, S. C., Cole, B. J., Pich, E. M., Menzaghi, F., Koob, G. F., & Hauger, R. L. (1992) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(92)90044-4 · Cited by 94
The Effects of Life Stress and Weight on Mood and Eating
Slochower, J. A., Kaplan, S. P., & Mann, L. M. (1981) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/s0195-6663(81)80005-0 · Cited by 93
Behavioral and physiological effects of chronic mild stress in female rats
Baker, S. L., Kentner, A. C., Konkle, A. T. M., Barbagallo, L. S.-M., & Bielajew, C. H. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.019 · Cited by 92
STRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH: A BIOBEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
Cohen, J. I. (2000) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/016128400248185 · Cited by 85
Stress and sucrose hyperphagia: Role of endogenous opiates
Bertiere, M. C., Sy, T. M., Baigts, F., Mandenoff, A., & Apfelbaum, M. (1984) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(84)90183-7 · Cited by 69
Divergent responses to saccharin vs. sucrose availability after stress in rats
Dess, N. K. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90440-d · Cited by 68
Effects of Stressful Noise on Eating and Non-eating Behavior in Rats
Krebs, H., Macht, M. L., Weyers, P., Weijers, H., & Janke, W. (1996) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.1996.0015 · Cited by 68
Rapidly Developing Overweight in School Children as an Indicator of Psychosocial Stress
Mellbin, T., & Vuille, J. C. (1989) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb17938.x · Cited by 66
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the night eating syndrome
Birketvedt, G. S., Sundsfjord, J., & Florholmen, J. R. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00251.2001 · Cited by 64
Stress facilitates body weight gain in genetically predisposed rats on medium-fat diet
Michel, C., Levin, B. E., & Dunn-Meynell, A. A. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2003 · Cited by 63
Pharmacology of Appetite Suppression: Implication for the Treatment of Obesity
Halford, J. C. G. (2001) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450013348209 · Cited by 59
Eating in Combat: A Survey of U.S. Marines
Popper, R., Smits, G. J., Meiselman, H. L., & Hirsch, E. S. (1989) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/154.12.619 · Cited by 57
The relationship between stress and weight-control behavior in African-American women.
Walcott‐McQuigg, J. A. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 54
Jones, D. H., Harel, Y., & Levinson, R. M. (1992) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.1992.10392817 · Cited by 52
Silveira, P. P., Xavier, M. H., Souza, F. H., Manoli, L. P., Rosat, R. M., Ferreira, M. B. C., & Dalmaz, C. (2000) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2000001100013 · Cited by 46
Michajlovskij, N., Lichardus, B., Květňanský, R., & Ponec, J. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 42
Obesity, anxiety, and food consumption
Ruderman, A. J. (1983) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(83)90018-7 · Cited by 41
Anxiety and eating behavior in obese and nonobese American Indians and White Americans.
Pine, C. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.49.3.774 · Cited by 41
Anxiety and eating behavior in obese and nonobese American Indians and White Americans.
Pine, C. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.774 · Cited by 41
Reznick, H. M., & Balch, P. (1977) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(77)90020-x · Cited by 38
Physiological aspects of the "defence" and "defeat" reactions.
Folkow, B. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 38
Hansen, M. J., Schiöth, H. B., & Morris, M. J. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.063 · Cited by 36
Alcohol and Stress in Norwegian United Nations Peacekeepers
Mehlum, L. I. (1999) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/164.10.720 · Cited by 34
Rozen, R., Brigant, L., & Apfelbaum, M. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/59.3.560 · Cited by 29
Effects of chronic stress and time of day on preference for sucrose
Kant, G. J., & Bauman, R. A. (1993) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90242-8 · Cited by 28
A new anorexigen assay: Stress-induced hyperphagia in rats
Wallach, M. B., Dawber, M., McMahon, M., & Rogers, C. (1977) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(77)90112-5 · Cited by 25
Effect of immobilization stress on food intake, body weight and weights of various organs in rat.
Monteiro, F., Abraham, M. E., Sd, S., & Jf, M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 25
Rosenfield, S. N., & Stevenson, J. S. (1988) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770110305 · Cited by 22
Wang, S. W. J. (2002) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03354426 · Cited by 16
A new animal model of binge eating
Geary, N. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10226 · Cited by 10
Ralt, D. (1994) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(94)90026-4 · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fuller, N. R., Colagiuri, S., SCHOFIELD, D. J., Olson, A. D., Shrestha, R. N., Holzapfel, C., Wolfenstetter, S. B., Holle, R., Ahern, A. L., Hauner, H., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.139 · Cited by 2,127
High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models
Hariri, N., & Thibault, L. (2010) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422410000168 · Cited by 1,142
The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health
Wells, J. C., Sawaya, A. L., Wibaek, R., Mwangome, M., Poullas, M. S., Yajnik, C. S., & Demaio, A. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32472-9 · Cited by 993
Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response.
Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031201 · Cited by 979
Stress-induced obesity and the emotional nervous system
Dallman, M. F. (2010) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2009.10.004 · Cited by 814
Metadata
- Authors
- Torres, S. J., & Nowson, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Torres, Susan J.
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11-12
- Pages
- 887-894
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004750779
- Cited by
- 1,622
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 143 · 2022: 144 · 2021: 150 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 125 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- stress, dietary habits, obesity, stress eating, dietary intake, energy-dense foods, weight gain, sex differences, appetite regulation, stress hormones, neurotransmitters
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Intake, Eating, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Nutritive Value, Obesity, Sex Factors, Stress, Psychological, Weight Gain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review