Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Biomarker in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the potential of using changes in the plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, as a biomarker in early Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Plasma TMAO levels were measured in 85 patients with drug-naïve early stage PD and 20 healthy controls. A linear mixed model was used to assess longitudinal changes in levodopa-equivalent dose (LED) during follow-up (>2 y) in three tertile PD groups according to plasma TMAO levels. Additionally, a Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of plasma TMAO levels on dementia conversion.Results Plasma TMAO levels of patients with PD were lower than those of healthy controls. A linear mixed model demonstrated that patients with PD and lower levels of TMAO (<4.75 μmol/L; i.e., lowest tertile group) exhibited faster increases in LED over time. The Cox regression model did not reveal that plasma TMAO level was associated with the risk for dementia conversion (P = 0.488). However, when we divided patients with PD into two subgroups according to bet cutoff TMAO level to maximize the log-rank statistics, the PD group with a low plasma TMAO level (<6.92 μmol/L) had a higher risk (with borderline statistical significance) for PD-dementia conversion than the group with a high TMAO level (hazard ratio: 7.565; 95% confidence interval, 1.004-57.019; P = 0.050).Conclusions The results demonstrate that lower baseline plasma TMAO levels are associated with faster increases in LED and tend to increase the risk for PD-dementia conversion, suggesting the prognostic implications of TMAO in early stage PD.
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Dementia development may be predicted by low levels of plasma TMAO measured at an early stage of the disease, thus serving as a prognostic marker.
“dementia development may be predicted by low levels of plasma TMAO measured at an early stage of the disease, thus serving as prognostic marker [164]”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [164]
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- Authors
- Chung, S. J., Rim, J. H., Ji, D., Lee, S., Yoo, H. S., Jung, J. H., Baik, K., Choi, Y., Ye, B. S., Sohn, Y. H., Yun, M., Lee, S.-G., & Lee, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sangwon
- Lee, Sang-Guk
- Lee, Phil Hyu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 111090
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3109685639
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07048959)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2017R1C1B5015044, NRF-2019R1A2C2085462)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- trimethylamine N-oxide, Parkinson's disease, gut microbiota, biomarkers, early-stage Parkinson's disease, levodopa equivalent daily dose, disease progression, conversion to dementia, prognostic factors, plasma metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Methylamines, Parkinson Disease, Biomarkers
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