Trimethylamine N‐oxide: breathe new life

Subramaniam, Saravanan; Fletcher, Craig

doi:10.1111/bph.13959

Cited by 171Gut microbiota and healthPolyamine Metabolism and ApplicationsMetabolism and Genetic Disorders

Trimethylamine N‐oxide: breathe new life

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Subramaniam, Saravanan, Fletcher, Craig·2018·British Journal of Pharmacology

DOI 10.1111/bph.13959PMC PMC5866995

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Abstract

Association between elevated levels of systemic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events have been proposed in recent years. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence in the last decade has implicated TMAO as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. TMAO, the oxygenated product of trimethylamine (TMA), belongs to the class of amine oxides. Most of the TMA derived from the metabolism of choline and L-carnitine by gut bacteria is absorbed into the bloodstream and gets rapidly oxidized to TMAO by the hepatic enzyme, flavin-containing monooxgenase-3. Here, we discussed the biosynthesis of TMAO and clinical studies that have assessed TMAO as a biomarker for various cardiovascular and other diseases such as kidney failure, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and cancer. We also summarized the interaction of TMAO with synthetic and traditional molecules that together affect circulating TMAO levels. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.

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TMAO has been suggested to cause blood brain barrier disruption by reducing expression of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and ZO-1, favouring its access to the brain.
“TMAO has been suggested to cause blood brain barrier disruption by reducing the expression of tight junction proteins, such as claudin-5 and tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1), favouring its access to the brain [78].”
From Implication of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) in Disease: Potential Biomarker or New Therapeutic Target (2018) · cites this paper as [78]

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McEntyre et al., 2015 Mouse -Less TMAO localization in tissues of diabetes mice Xu et al., 2009 Rat -Neutralizes endoplasmic reticulum stress via enhanced protein folding Lupachyk et al., 2013a; Lupachyk et al., 2013b continues Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): Breathe new life British Journal of Pharmacology (2018) 175 1344-1353 1349 14765381, 2018, 8, Downloaded from https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13959, Wiley Online Library on [30/08/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
S Subramaniam and C Fletcher 1352 British Journal of Pharmacology (2018) 175 1344-1353 14765381, 2018, 8, Downloaded from https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13959, Wiley Online Library on [30/08/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

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Authors: Subramaniam, S., & Fletcher, C.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Subramaniam, Saravanan
Fletcher, Craig
ORCID: Subramaniam, Saravanan
Venue: British Journal of Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-08-30
Volume: 175
Issue: 8
Pages: 1344-1353
ISSN: 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
1476-5381
DOI: 10.1111/bph.13959
PMC: PMC5866995
OpenAlex: W2784568242
Cited by: 171
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 1.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
Keywords: trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine, cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota, choline metabolism, L-carnitine, FMO3, biomarkers, renal failure, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancer, small molecules
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Diseases, Heart Failure, Humans, Methylamines, Neoplasms, Obesity, Thrombosis

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