Additive manufacturing of lunar regolith structures
Open accessAbstract
The key to any presence in space being sustainable is the ability to manufacture the necessary structures and spares in situ and on-demand, in order to avoid the cost, volume, and up-mass constraints that would prohibit a successful launch with everything needed for long-duration and long-distance missions from Earth. In terms of meeting the demand for parts with highly complex geometries and high accuracy, ceramic stereolithography is a revolutionary manufacturing technology, with oxide ceramics being widely studied due to their low levels of light absorption and scattering. This article investigates the feasibility of producing parts from lunar regolith simulant using a vat polymerization (VP) technique called lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM). The conducted analyses include determining the rheological behavior of the suspension and the thermogravimetric characterization of printed green parts, as well as examining the mechanical, structural and microstructural properties through compression tests, computed tomography and SEM of sintered regolith samples.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Higher magnification SEM reveals heterogeneity in particle size and shape, along with microporosity in as-sintered EAC-1A samples.
“While lower magnification shows a mostly homogeneous structure with some variation at layer boundaries, higher magnification reveals heterogeneity in particle size and shape, along with microporosity.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [283]
Altun et al. reported average compressive strength and elasticity modulus of 5.4 MPa and 403.3 MPa for EAC-1A Lunar regolith simulant components using LCM.
“The resulting average compressive strength and elasticity modulus were recorded as 5.4 MPa and 403.3 MPa, respectively.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [283]
Relative density of EAC-1A samples reduced from 67.9% to 55.9% after debinding and sintering.
“Relative density analysis conducted through the Archimedean principle and water displacement indicated a reduction from 67.9% to 55.9% after the debinding and sintering processes.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [283]
Sieving, either alone or in combination with milling, is also highly effective.
“Sieving, either alone or in combination with milling, is also highly effective [283,373-376].”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [283]
Cites
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Gibson, I., Rosen, D. W., & Stucker, B. E. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1120-9 · Cited by 4,351 · see citing works
Gibson, I., Rosen, D., & Stucker, B. (2015) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3 · Cited by 3,299 · see citing works
Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities
Tofail, S. A. M., Koumoulos, E. P., Bandyopadhyay, A. K., Bose, S., O’Donoghue, L., & Charitidis, C. A. (2017) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2017.07.001 · Cited by 2,166 · see citing works
Freeform fabrication of ceramics via stereolithography
Griffith, M. L., & Halloran, J. W. (1996) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb09022.x · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Building components for an outpost on the lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology
Cesaretti, G., Dini, E., De Kestelier, X., Colla, V., & Pambaguian, L. (2014) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.034 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Ion Concentration Polarization by Bifurcated Current Path
Kim, J., Cho, I., Lee, H., & Kim, S. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04646-0 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Ceramic Stereolithography: Additive Manufacturing for Ceramics by Photopolymerization
Halloran, J. W. (2016) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-031841 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Additive Manufacturing of Dense Alumina Ceramics
Schwentenwein, M., & Homa, J. (2014) · International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology · doi:10.1111/ijac.12319 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationStereolithography of SiOC Ceramic Microcomponents
Zanchetta, E., Cattaldo, M., Franchin, G., Schwentenwein, M., Homa, J., Brusatin, G., & Colombo, P. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201503470 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationCeramic suspensions suitable for stereolithography
Hinczewski, C., Corbel, S., & Chartier, T. (1998) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(97)00186-6 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Solar 3D printing of lunar regolith
Meurisse, A., Makaya, A., Willsch, C., & Sperl, M. (2018) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.06.063 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationStereolithography of structural complex ceramic parts
Chartier, T., Chaput, C., Doreau, F., & Loiseau, M. (2002) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1023/a:1016102210277 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Light curing strategies for lithography-based additive manufacturing of customized ceramics
Mitteramskogler, G., Gmeiner, R., Felzmann, R., Gruber, S., Hofstetter, C., Stampfl, J., Ebert, J., Wachter, W., & Laubersheimer, J. (2014) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2014.08.003 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Santoliquido, O., Colombo, P. A., & Ortona, A. (2019) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.01.044 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Understanding Additive Manufacturing
Gebhardt, A. (2011) · doi:10.3139/9783446431621.fm · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Montes, C., Broussard, K., Gongre, M., Simicevic, N., Mejia, J., Tham, J., Allouche, E., & Davis, G. (2015) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.044 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Evaluations of lunar regolith simulants
Taylor, L. A., Pieters, C. M., & Britt, D. (2016) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2016.04.005 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Hot Lithography vs. room temperature DLP 3D-printing of a dimethacrylate
Steyrer, B., Busetti, B., Harakály, G. A., Liska, R., & Stampfl, J. (2018) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.03.013 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Fractography of zirconia-specimens made using additive manufacturing (LCM) technology
Harrer, W., Schwentenwein, M., Lube, T., & Dänzer, R. (2017) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.03.018 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationPerformance of lunar sulfur concrete in lunar environments
Toutanji, H. A., Evans, S., & Grugel, R. N. (2012) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.041 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cure depth for photopolymerization of ceramic suspensions
Tomeckova, V., & Halloran, J. W. (2010) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.06.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Utilization of urea as an accessible superplasticizer on the moon for lunar geopolymer mixtures
Pilehvar, S., Arnhof, M., Pamies, R., Valentini, L., & Kjøniksen, A.-L. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119177 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Goulas, A., Binner, J. G. P., Harris, R. A., & Friel, R. J. (2017) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2016.11.004 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Predictive models for the photopolymerization of ceramic suspensions
Tomeckova, V., & Halloran, J. W. (2010) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.01.027 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Schmidleithner, C., Malferrari, S., Palgrave, R. G., Bomze, D., Schwentenwein, M., & Kalaskar, D. M. (2019) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/ab279d · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling sintering anisotropy in ceramic stereolithography of silica
Manière, C., Kerbart, G., Harnois, C., & Marinel, S. (2019) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.032 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Vacuum sintered lunar regolith simulant: Pore-forming and thermal conductivity
Song, L., Xu, J., Fan, S., Tang, H., Li, X., Liu, J., & Duan, X. (2019) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.023 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
EAC-1A: A novel large-volume lunar regolith simulant
Engelschiøn, V. S., Eriksson, S. R., Cowley, A., Fateri, M., Meurisse, A., Kueppers, U., & Sperl, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62312-4 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Wang, J., Stanic, S., Altun, A. A., Schwentenwein, M., Dietliker, K., Jin, L. J., Stampfl, J., Baudis, S., Liska, R., & Grützmacher, H. (2018) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c7cc09313f · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmidt, J. E. M., Altun, A. A., Schwentenwein, M., & Colombo, P. (2018) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.11.038 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationFaierson, E. J., Logan, K. V., Stewart, B. K., & Hunt, M. P. (2010) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.12.006 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
von der Heyde, B., Emmanouilidou, A., Mazzaferro, E., Vicenzi, S., Höijer, I., Klingström, T., Jumaa, S., Dethlefsen, O., Snieder, H., de Geus, E. J. C., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68567-1 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
A structural assessment of unrefined sintered lunar regolith simulant
Indyk, S. J., & Benaroya, H. (2017) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.09.018 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Digital light processing of lunar regolith structures with high mechanical properties
Liu, M., Tang, W., Duan, W., Li, S., Dou, R., Wang, G., Liu, B., & Wang, L. (2019) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.12.049 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured lunar regolith simulant components
Goulas, A., Binner, J. G., Engstrøm, D. S., Harris, R. A., & Friel, R. J. (2019) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications · doi:10.1177/1464420718777932 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Review of possible mineral materials and production techniques for a building material on the moon
Wilhelm, S., & Curbach, M. (2013) · Structural Concrete · doi:10.1002/suco.201300088 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Combining cure depth and cure degree, a new way to fully characterize novel photopolymers
Hofstetter, C., Orman, S., Baudis, S., & Stampfl, J. (2018) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.09.025 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Altun, A. A., Prochaska, T., Konegger, T., & Schwentenwein, M. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10030996 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationCompressive deformation of porous lunar regolith
Gualtieri, T., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2015) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.11.153 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Strength of additive manufactured alumina
Schlacher, J., Lube, T., Harrer, W., Mitteramskogler, G., Schwentenwein, M., Dänzer, R., & Bermejo, R. (2020) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.03.073 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationDirect Formation of Structural Components Using a Martian Soil Simulant
Chow, B. J., Chen, T., Zhong, Y., & Qiao, Y. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01157-w · Cited by 62 · see citing works
NASA In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Project: Development and Implementation
Sanders, G. B., Larson, W. E., Sacksteder, K., & McLemore, C. (2008) · AIAA SPACE Conference & Exposition · doi:10.2514/6.2008-7853 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pfaffinger, M., Hartmann, M., Schwentenwein, M., & Stampfl, J. (2017) · International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology · doi:10.1111/ijac.12664 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationEgan, W. G., & Hilgeman, T. (1979) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Manufacture of glass and mirrors from lunar regolith simulant
Schleppi, J., Gibbons, J., Groetsch, A., Buckman, J., Cowley, A., & Bennett, N. (2019) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-018-3101-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Important Considerations for Lunar Soil Simulants
Taylor, L. A., & Liu, Y. (2010) · ASCE International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments (Earth and Space) · doi:10.1061/41096(366)14 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Veverka, J. F. (1980) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90256-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Manufacturing Dense Thick Films of Lunar Regolith Simulant EAC-1 at Room Temperature
Nieke, P., Kita, J., Häming, M., & Moos, R. (2019) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma12030487 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Walcher, W. (2004) · Teubner-Studienbücher. Physik · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-94128-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
End-to-end mission design for microbial ISRU activities as preparation for a moon village
Lehner, B., Schlechten, J., Filosa, A., Pou, A. C., Mazzotta, D. G., Spina, F., Teeney, L., Snyder, J., Tjon, S. Y., Meyer, A. S., et al. (2019) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.06.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Keulen, J. (1973) · Materials and Structures · doi:10.1007/bf02479031 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Comparison of HTP catalyst performance for different internal monolith structures
Koopmans, R.-J., Nandyala, V. R., Pavesi, S., Batonneau, Y. X., Beauchet, R., Maleix, C., Schwentenwein, M., Spitzbart, M., Altun, A. A., & Scharlemann, C. (2019) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.07.010 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationPolarimetry of moonlight: A new method for determining the refractive index of the lunar regolith
Fearnside, A., Masding, P., & Hooker, C. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.038 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Refractive Index of the Regolith of Mercury
Hapke, B. W. (1994) · LPI · Cited by 4 · see citing works
McLemore, C. (2009) · Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Characterization of novel lunar highland and mare simulants for ISRU research applications
Isachenkov, M., Chugunov, S., Landsman, Z., Akhatov, I., Metke, A., Tikhonov, A., & Shishkovsky, I. (2022) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114873 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Materials: A Review
Nohut, S., & Schwentenwein, M. (2022) · Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing · doi:10.3390/jmmp6010017 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationA review on additive manufacturing for aerospace application
Radhika, C., Shanmugam, R., Ramoni, M. O., & Gnanavel, B. K. (2024) · Materials Research Express · doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ad21ad · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Additive manufacturing in the new space economy: Current achievements and future perspectives
Ghidini, T., Grasso, M., Gumpinger, J., Makaya, A., & Colosimo, B. M. (2023) · Progress in Aerospace Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100959 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationKarl, D., Cannon, K. M., & Gurlo, A. (2021) · Open Ceramics · doi:10.1016/j.oceram.2021.100216 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Chen, S., Khan, S. B., Li, N., & Xiao, C. (2024) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.11.060 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Marnot, A., Koube, K. D., Jang, S., Thadhani, N. N., Kacher, J., & Brettmann, B. K. (2023) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2023.2279149 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Makaya, A., Pambaguian, L., Ghidini, T., Rohr, T., Lafont, U., & Meurisse, A. (2022) · CEAS Space Journal · doi:10.1007/s12567-022-00428-1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationA comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction
Azami, M., Kazemi, Z., Moazen, S., Dubé, M., Potvin, M.-J., & Skonieczny, K. (2024) · Progress in Aerospace Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101045 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Warren, P., Raju, N., Ebrahimi, H., Krsmanovic, M., Raghavan, S., Kapat, J. S., & Ghosh, R. R. (2022) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.07.329 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fiume, E., Coppola, B., Montanaro, L., & Palmero, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2023.1242480 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Cold sintering as a promising ISRU technique: A case study of Mars regolith simulant
Karacasulu, L., Karl, D., Gurlo, A., & Vakifahmetoglu, C. (2022) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115270 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Zheng, W., & Qiao, G. (2022) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.01.041 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Korniejenko, K., Pławecka, K., & Kozub, B. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15249322 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Toward the utilisation of resources in space: knowledge gaps, open questions, and priorities
Cilliers, J. J., Hadler, K., & Rasera, J. N. (2023) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-023-00274-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Microbial induced calcite precipitation can consolidate martian and lunar regolith simulants
Dikshit, R., Gupta, N., Dey, A., Viswanathan, K., & Kumar, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266415 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing of Porosity Graded Alumina
Nohut, S., Geier, S., Kraleva, I., Schwentenwein, M., & Bermejo, R. (2022) · Additive Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100060 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthetic space bricks from lunar and Martian regolith via sintering
Gupta, N., Dawara, V., Kumar, A., & Viswanathan, K. (2024) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.06.045 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Factory in space: A review of material and manufacturing technologies
Abdulhamid, F., Sullivan, B. P., & Terzi, S. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.01.007 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sintering of Lunar regolith: A review
Hossain, S. S., & Bullard, J. W. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.02.038 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Vacuum 3D printing of highly filled polymeric matrix composites
Slejko, E. A., Gorella, N. S., Makaya, A., Gallina, P., Scuor, N., & Seriani, S. (2022) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.12.033 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationIsachenkov, M., Gorokh, I., Makarov, E., Verkhoturov, D., Khmelenko, P., Garzaniti, N., & Golkar, A. (2023) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.07.075 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vat photopolymerization of low-titanium lunar regolith simulant for optimal mechanical performance
Wang, C., Gong, H., Wei, W., Wu, H., Luo, X., Li, N., Liang, J., Khan, S. B., Xiao, C., Lu, B., et al. (2022) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.235 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Prioritization of habitat construction materials on Mars based on multi-criteria decision-making
Iranfar, S., Karbala, M. M., Shahsavari, M. H., & Vandeginste, V. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.105864 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Xiao, C., Zheng, K., Chen, S., Li, N., Shang, X., Wang, F., Liang, J., Khan, S. B., Shen, Y., Lu, B., et al. (2023) · Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2023.103607 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pederson, F. P., Ellersick, L. F., & Kim, H.-J. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.03.032 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Isachenkov, M., Chugunov, S., Smirnov, A., Kholodkova, A., Akhatov, I., & Shishkovsky, I. (2022) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.08.060 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Geotechnical and Shear Behavior of Novel Lunar Regolith Simulants TUBS-M, TUBS-T, and TUBS-I
Windisch, L., Linke, S., Jütte, M., Baasch, J., Kwade, A., Stoll, E., & Schilde, C. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15238561 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A review of direct ink writing of polymer derived ceramics
Bishop, V., Mathur, S. C., Nguyen, N. H., Sharma, B., Drouin, M., Li, B., Park, C., & Wei, W. (2025) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2025.2499938 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Just, G. H., Roy, M. J., Joy, K. H., Hutchings, G. C., & Smith, K. (2021) · Journal of Field Robotics · doi:10.1002/rob.22050 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
On the seismic behaviour of monolithic lunar arches subjected to moonquakes
Kalapodis, N. A., Zalachoris, G., Ktenidou, O., & Kampas, G. (2022) · Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1002/eqe.3754 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Marnot, A., Konzelman, L., Jones, J. M., Hill, C. W., & Brettmann, B. K. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c11742 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Aiyeki, A. D., Тихонов, А. А., & Chugunov, S. S. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.04.009 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Linke, S., Voß, A., Ernst, M., Taschner, P. A., Baasch, J., Stapperfend, S., Gerdes, N., Koch, J., Wessels, P. W., Neumann, J., et al. (2021) · 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1089/3dp.2020.0323 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ceramic Additive Manufacturing Potential for Power Electronics Packaging
Akbari, S., Kostov, K., Brinkfeldt, K., Adolfsson, E., Lim, J., Andersson, D. R., Bakowski, M., Wang, Q., & Salter, M. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2022.3224921 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Forming and densification of lunar regolith simulant based on millimeter-scale energy beam melting
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, C., Gu, J., Wang, Q., Chen, X., & Yao, W. F. (2024) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Thermal Weathering of 3D-Printed Lunar Regolith Simulant Composites
Marnot, A., Milliken, J., Cho, J., Lin, Z., Wong, C., Jones, J. M., Hill, C. W., & Brettmann, B. K. (2024) · ACS Applied Engineering Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaenm.4c00158 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Advanced engineered nanostructures for aerospace technology: A review
Hirankittiwong, P., Chomchok, T., Chakraborty, S., Prajongtat, P., Singh, D. P., Hongkarnjanakul, N., Channumsin, S., Ghosh, S., & Chattham, N. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105381 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Brazing of SiC ceramic with extraterrestrial regolith simulant in ISRU and ISRF applications
Zheng, W., & Qiao, G. (2022) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.05.015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pore–microcrack interaction governs failure in bioconsolidated space bricks
Dawara, V., Gupta, N., Dey, A., Kumar, A., & Viswanathan, K. (2022) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.013 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nohut, S., & Schwentenwein, M. (2024) · Open Ceramics · doi:10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100573 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationDellago, B., Altun, A. A., Liska, R., & Baudis, S. (2022) · Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/pol.20220378 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMelting properties of lunar regolith simulant for in-situ construction
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, C., Gao, T., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Gu, J., Chen, X., & Yao, W. (2025) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.09.058 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liquid State Sintering enhances Consolidation in Basalt-rich Lunar Regolith
Gupta, N., Dawara, V., Kumar, A., & Viswanathan, K. (2024) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.024 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhang, R., Wang, T., & Wang, G. (2025) · Additive Manufacturing Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.amf.2025.200238 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A novel strategy to extract lunar mare KREEP-rich metal resources using a silicon collector
Li, C., Wei, K., Li, Y., Ma, W., Lei, Y., Yu, H., & Liu, J. (2022) · Journal of Rare Earths · doi:10.1016/j.jre.2022.07.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Additive Manufacturing of Lunar Regolith: A Review
Sun, W., Dang, F., Zhou, Y., Wen, S., Zhou, C., Shi, Y., & Ding, L. (2025) · Additive Manufacturing Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.amf.2025.200225 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
3D printing LDPE/lunar regolith simulant composite: manufacturing with in-situ resources on the moon
Moazen, S., Gosselin, F. P., Tabiai, I., & Dubé, M. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.08.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
3D printing of flexible parts out of lunar regolith simulant
Fateri, M., Frick, A., Schuler, C., Schubert, T., Hoffmann, J., van der Walt, J., & Salinas, M. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.02.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Transport of Volatiles in Agglutinates from Lunar Regolith of Chang’e-5 Mission
Li, L., Zhang, G. C., Zhang, H., Xiao, Y., Zhao, S., Song, J., Yao, W., Wang, W. H., Zou, Z., & Yang, M. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0638 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Laser-based directed energy deposition with mullite: A necessary step for lunar regolith printing
de Lucena, A. L., Ranjbar, N., Khademzadeh, S., & Bayat, M. (2025) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114605 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Xu, G., Li, Y., Pang, R., Chen, Z., & Ren, X. (2024) · Case Studies in Construction Materials · doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03704 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Petkov, M. P., Wilkerson, R., Voecks, G. E., Rickman, D. L., Edmunson, J. E., & Effinger, M. R. (2024) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2024.105982 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Islam, M. B., Sumona, H. J., Haque, M. J., & Mahmood, A. A. (2024) · Materials Open Research · doi:10.12688/materialsopenres.17669.1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fast firing technique for Martian regolith simulant: Advancing ISRU capabilities
Karacasulu, L., Tomasini, A., Vakifahmetoglu, C., & Biesuz, M. (2025) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116521 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Elsayed, H., Micheli, S., Stábile, F. M., Altun, A. A., Schwentenwein, M., Cimetta, E., & Bernardo, E. (2025) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117384 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMelting and solidifying behavior of lunar regolith simulant under a vacuum environment
Guo, Z., Li, M., Xing, D., Liang, C., Hao, B., & Ma, P. (2025) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.20566 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Laot, M., Rich, B., Cheibas, I., Fu, J., Zhu, J., & Popovich, V. (2022) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) · doi:10.7480/spool.2021.2.5258 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Microbial Endeavours Towards Extra-terrestrial Settlements
Dikshit, R., Gupta, N., & Kumar, A. (2023) · Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · doi:10.1007/s41745-023-00383-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of lunar highland regolith simulant
Xu, S., Haddad, M., Alamdari, A. B., Shim, A., Luo, A. A., & Wolff, S. J. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.11.070 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mariani, M., Isachenkov, M., Bertolini, F., Galassi, C., Grande, A. M., Sala, G., & Lecis, N. F. M. (2026) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.70595 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Legal challenges of additive manufacturing on the Moon
Li, D. (2024) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.02.052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Electromagnetic Characterization of EAC-1A and JSC-2A Lunar Regolith Simulants
Somolinos, D. R., Gallardo, B. P., Estévez, J. C., Stepanyan, N., Cowley, A., Marugán, A. A., & Martínez, D. P. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17153633 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Azami, M., Aubin Fournier, P.-L., & Skonieczny, K. (2024) · Earth and Space 2024 · doi:10.1061/9780784485736.086 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Laser processing of lunar regolith simulants for beneficiation and metal extraction
Christen, L.-B., Watanabe, M., Yamakami, H., Sekine, H., Komurasaki, K., Momozawa, A., & Koizumi, H. (2025) · Vacuum · doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114417 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fabrication of intricate lunar regolith monoliths via freeze casting
Hossain, S. S., & Bullard, J. W. (2025) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117328 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, P., Dang, F., Wang, Z., Xia, Y., Zhou, Y., & Zhou, C. (2025) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optimizing cementitious mortars for lunar construction: a multi-criteria decision-making approach
Karbala, M. M., Goudarzi, S., Nejati, H. R., & Abedini, M. (2025) · Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials · doi:10.1080/21650373.2025.2558809 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Towards Additive Manufactured Off-Earth Habitats with Functionally Graded Multi-materials
Cheibas, I., Laot, M., Rich, B., Fu, J., Zhu, J., & Popovich, V. (2024) · Springer series in adaptive environments · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50081-7_4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ma, Y., Mei, H., Xu, X. Y., Pan, W., & Wang, L. (2025) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.10.035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Modeling Radiation Damage in Materials Relevant for Exploration and Settlement on the Moon
Koval, N. E., Gu, B., Muñoz‐Santiburcio, D., & Pieve, F. D. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.102808 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Felgenhauer, T., Venkataraman, S., & Johnson, C. (2025) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2025-0197 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alex, Y., Vaghasiya, J. V., Sonigara, K. K., & Pumera, M. (2026) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2025.103071 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bangar, P., Singh, S., Sharma, V., & Pant, B. (2026) · The European Physical Journal Special Topics · doi:10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02204-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Electromagnetic Characterization of Lunar Dust Simulants
Estévez, J. C., Somolinos, D. R., Gallardo, B. P., Stepanyan, N., Cowley, A., & Martínez, D. P. (2022) · European Conference on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769335 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Direct Ink Writing with Lunar Regolith: An Avenue for Off-Earth Construction
Schild, T., Cowley, A., Grundström, B., Garrivier, N., & Hensch, N. (2024) · Springer series in adaptive environments · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50081-7_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Editorial: Advances in additive manufacturing of ceramics
Franchin, G., Zocca, A., Karl, D., Yun, H., & Tian, X. (2022) · Open Ceramics · doi:10.1016/j.oceram.2022.100277
Enhancement in fine powder availability for Powder Bed Fusion applying high gravity
Obe, K., & Koike, R. (2022) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2022.08.103
International Space Exploration Trends and Technological Issues towards Lunar Base Construction
Uyama, N., & KANAMORI, H. (2023) · Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering · doi:10.2493/jjspe.89.41
Forming and Densification of Lunar Regolith Simulant Based on Laser Selective MeltingPreprint
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, C., Gu, J., Wang, Q., Chen, X., & Yao, W. F. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4632647
David, A. K., Amegadzie, M. Y., & Plucknett, K. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67398-6_2
Eklemeli imalatta kullanılan yeni malzemeler: Uzay araştırmaları
Arslan, M. M., Çalik, B., & Uzun, G. (2025) · Havacılık ve Uzay Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.52995/jass.1553603
Carbo-thermal reduction of lunar highland regolith simulant for in-situ manufacturing of SiC
Srimurugan, N., & Subbiah, S. (2025) · Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.06.049
Reduction of non-lunar phases in JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant by different heat treatment methods
Petkov, M. P., Rickman, D. L., Voecks, G. E., & O’Brien, D. (2025) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2025.09.057
Mamros, E. M., Vagnerova, V., & Grimm, T. (2026) · Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals · doi:10.1007/s12666-026-03853-6
Kunal, K., Zabel, P., Stefan, L., & Stoll, E. (2026) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2026.07.115
Storozhuk, I. P., Khina, A. G., Bulkatov, D. P., Phone, T. K., Резник, С. В., Abramova, E. N., Tretyakov, I. V., Malyshev, N. S., & Fedorov, S. Y. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18192371
Shao, J., Mei, H., & Zhou, Q. (2026) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.09.036
- Authors
- Altun, A. A., Ertl, F., Marechal, M., Makaya, A., Sgambati, A., & Schwentenwein, M.
- Affiliations
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (NL)
- OHB (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Altun, Altan Alpay
- Venue
- Open Ceramics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 100058
- ISSN
- 2666-5395 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3121471757
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Open Ceramics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Space Agency (4000122380/17/NL/LvH/ab)
- Technische Universität Wien
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
- Keywords
- lunar regolith simulant, additive manufacturing, ceramic stereolithography, lithography-based ceramic manufacturing, vat polymerization, in-situ resource utilization, oxide ceramics, suspension rheology, sintered microstructure, mechanical properties
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
