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Cited by 238Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and AnalysisCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Long-term Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Tan, Jennifer S.L., Mitchell, Paul, Smith, Wayne, Wang, Jie Jin·2007·Ophthalmology
DOI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.033
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Abstract

Purpose To assess the relationship between cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors, other than smoking, and risk of long-term incident age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Design Population-based cohort study.Participants There were 3654 baseline (1992-1994) participants aged > or = 49 years included in the Blue Mountains region, west of Sydney, Australia. Of these, 2335 (75% of survivors) were reexamined after 5 years (1997-1999) and 1952 (76% of survivors) after 10 years (2002-2004).Methods Stereoscopic color fundus photographs were graded using the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System. History, physical examination, and fasting blood samples provided data on possible risk factors. Age-related macular degeneration incidence was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival approach. Discrete linear logistic models were used to assess risk of incident AMD. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and other risk factors.Main outcome measure Incident early and late AMD.Results Increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was inversely related to incident late AMD (RR per standard deviation [SD] increase, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99). Elevated total/HDL cholesterol ratio predicted late AMD (RR per SD increase, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.70) and geographic atrophy (GA; RR per SD, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.18-2.25). Diabetes predicted incident GA (RR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.36-11.08), but not neovascular AMD. History of stroke (RR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.58), or any cardiovascular disease (stroke, myocardial infarction, or angina; RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.13-2.16) predicted incident early AMD and incident indistinct soft or reticular drusen (RR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.33-4.27 for stroke; RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.28-2.52 for any cardiovascular disease). Neither pulse pressure, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or presence of hypertension at baseline were associated with incident AMD.Conclusions Our findings provide some evidence of links between cardiovascular risk factors and AMD. Further prospective evaluation of these relationships is warranted, as these findings could have therapeutic implications.

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Metadata

Authors
Tan, J. S. L., Mitchell, P., Smith, W., & Wang, J. J.
Affiliations
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
Corresponding author
Wang, Jie Jin
ORCID
Venue
Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-06
Volume
114
Issue
6
Pages
1143-1150
ISSN
0161-6420 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.033
OpenAlex
W168181582
Cited by
238
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI
15.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords
age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, HDL cholesterol, TC/HDL-C ratio, geographic atrophy, diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, drusen, neovascular AMD, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hypertension
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Survivors

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