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Cited by 865Nursing care and researchHealth and Wellbeing ResearchDiabetes Management and Education

The Individual and Family Self-Management Theory: Background and perspectives on context, process, and outcomes

Open access
Ryan, Polly, Sawin, Kathleen J.·2009·Nursing Outlook
DOI 10.1016/j.outlook.2008.10.004PMC PMC2908991
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Abstract

Current evidence indicates that individuals and families who engage in self-management (SM) behaviors improve their health outcomes. While the results of these studies are promising, there is little agreement as to the critical components of SM or directions for future study. This article offers an organized perspective of similar and divergent ideas related to SM. Unique contributions of prior work are highlighted and findings from studies are summarized. A new descriptive mid-range theory, Individual and Family Self-management Theory, is presented; assumptions are identified, concepts defined, and proposed relationships are outlined. This theory adds to the literature on SM by focusing on individuals, dyads within the family, or the family unit as a whole; explicating process components of SM; and proposing use of proximal and distal outcomes.

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  • Self-management is defined by being set within the context of the family, being a lifelong dynamic process of self-monitoring and self-evaluation, and involving a perspectival shift from illness to wellness.

    “In addition to core tasks and skills, SM is defined by its being set within the context of the family7,8, by being a lifelong dynamic process of self-monitoring and self-evaluation2, and by involving a perspectival shift from illness to wellness4.”

    From Self-management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness (2011) · cites this paper as [2]

  • Self-management has come of age after more than four decades of scientific consideration.

    “The concept of SM has come of age after more than four decades of scientific consideration2.”

    From Self-management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness (2011) · cites this paper as [2]

  • Expectations for patients and families to manage themselves have outpaced the development of effective self-management interventions.

    “Expectations for patients and families to manage themselves have outpaced the development of effective SM interventions—interventions that impart the knowledge and skills and facilitate the social networking patients and families require for managing themselves2.”

    From Self-management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness (2011) · cites this paper as [2]

  • Core self-management behaviours are heavily influenced by one's knowledge and self-efficacy.

    “All of these core self-management behaviours are heavily influenced by one's knowledge [81] and self-efficacy [82] and must be targeted in order to prevent or manage chronic disease.”

    From Providing lifestyle advice to women with PCOS: an overview of practical issues affecting success (2021) · cites this paper as [81]

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. [2]Institute of Medicine: Committee on Communication for Behavior Change in the 21st Century Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communitions Strategies for Diverse Populations Washington, D.C The National Academies Press 2002 25057536
  2. [4]Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences: Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice and Policy Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health Washington, D.C National Academy Press 2001
  3. [34]Wagner EH Austin BT von Korff M Organizing care for patients with chronic illness The Milbank Quarterly 1996 74 4 511 544 8941260
  4. [70]Meleis AI Theoretical Nursing: Development and Progess 3 Philadelphia Lippincott 1997
  5. [87]Ryan P Weiss M Cerns S Csuka M Using theory to develop and evaluate a tailored intervention Research in Nursing & Health 2007 in review
  6. [99]Marlatt GA Gordon JR Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors New York Guilford Press 1985
  7. [105]Jenerett CM Phillips RCS An examination of differences in intra-personal resources, self-care management, and health outcomes in older and younger adults with sickle cell disease Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research 2006 1 20
  8. [122]Parcel GS Bartlett EE Bruhn JG Holroyd KA Creer TL The role of health education in self-management Self-Management of Chronic Disease: Handbook of Clinical Interventions and Research Orlando Academic Press 1986 3 27
  9. [124]Lorig KR Sobel DS Stewart AL Evidence suggesting that a chronic disease self-management program can improve health status while reducing hospitalization: a randomized trial Medical Care 1999 37 1 5 14 10413387

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Authors
Ryan, P., & Sawin, K. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
  • Children's Hospital of Wisconsin (US)
Corresponding author
Ryan, Polly
ORCID
Venue
Nursing Outlook
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-07
Volume
57
Issue
4
Pages
217-225.e6
ISSN
0029-6554 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.outlook.2008.10.004
PMC
PMC2908991
OpenAlex
W2064544760
Cited by
865
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 64 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
FWCI
19.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nursing Outlook (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Nursing Research (R15NR009021, 1P20NR0010674-01, T32NR007102, P20NR010674)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords
self-management, family self-management, Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, middle-range theory, family dyads, family unit, health behavior, health outcomes
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Attitude to Health, Chronic Disease, Family, Family Health, Health Status, Homeostasis, Humans, Individuality, Life Style, Nursing Theory, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Philosophy, Nursing, Psychological Theory, Self Care, Nursing Research, Self Efficacy

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