Cited by 171Impact of Technology on AdolescentsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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When Facebook is easier than face-to-face: Social support derived from Facebook in socially anxious individuals

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Indian, Michaelle, Grieve, Rachel·2014·Personality and Individual Differences

DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.016

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“Research suggests that people who are more introverted or socially anxious may be more likely than others to derive social benefit from social media (e.g., Indian & Grieve, 2014; Longman, O'Connor, & Obst, 2009).”
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“Indian and Grieve (2014) reported that online social support on Facebook had was associated with higher levels of well-being for people with high levels of social anxiety (buffering effect).”
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“Grieve et al. (see also Indian & Grieve, 2014) further argued for the potential utility of online social networks for people who are unable to connect in person.”
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“There were some notable exceptions to these findings; for example, for persons with little to no social anxiety (Indian & Grieve, 2014), and male adolescent boys (Frison & Eggermont, 2016).”
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“Proponents of social media have shown that online social support (eg, via Facebook) can uniquely contribute to well‐being and social connectedness,(17,34) especially among those who more readily express their true self online(35) and those unable to receive face‐to‐face support.(36) While this study focused on percept…”
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“Further, research suggests that social support derived online (via Facebook) is associated with higher subjective well-being for individuals higher in social anxiety, over and above offline social support (Indian & Grieve, 2014).”
Background
A trans-diagnostic cognitive behavioural conceptualisation of the positive and negative roles of social media use in adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing
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“, 2007), socially anxious (Indian and Grieve, 2014), socially isolated or excluded (Andrade and Doolin, 2016; Khosravi et al.”
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“Given that previous research ﬁnds that people with high social anxiety 21 or low ofﬂine social support 23 are particularly likely to beneﬁt from receiving online social support, these ﬁndings suggest that ﬁnding ways to improve the perceived usefulness of OSGs to people with low social support and…”
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Deters, F. G., Mehl, M. R., & Eid, M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.093 · Cited by 30
“While this question has been assessed on a global level for general internet or social media usage (e.g. Indian & Grieve, 2014; Kraut et al., 2001) as well as for some specific forms of online communication like online chatting (e.g. Sheeks & Birchmeier, 2007; van Zalk et al., 2011), empirical…”
Background
Association between the use of social networking sites, perceived social support, and life satisfaction: Evidence from a population-based survey in Japan
Oshio, T., Kimura, H., Nishizaki, T., & Omori, T. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244199 · Cited by 20
Effects of Stressors of COVID-19 on Chinese College Students' Problematic Social Media Use: A Mediated Moderation Model
Zhao, J., Ye, B., Yu, L., & Xia, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917465 · Cited by 25
The interconnections among the intensity of social network use, anxiety, smartphone addiction and the parent-child relationship of adolescents: A moderated mediation effect
Yuan, Y., Zhou, A., & Tang, T. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103796 · Cited by 25
A Framework for Understanding the Relationship between Social Media Discourse and Mental Health
Mendu, S., Baglione, A. N., Baee, S., Wu, C., Ng, B., Shaked, A., Clore, G. L., Boukhechba, M., & Barnes, L. E. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3415215 · Cited by 23
Psychosomatic complaints in adolescence: Untangling the relationship between offline and online peer victimization, psychosomatic complaints and social support
Sumter, S. R., & Baumgartner, S. E. (2016) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2016.1215980 · Cited by 27
“For instance, Indian and Grieve (2014) showed that socially anxious individuals benefited from the support they received through Facebook friends.”
Instagram engagement and well-being: the mediating role of appearance anxiety
Ryding, C., Harkin, L., & Kuss, D. J. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2323078 · Cited by 21
“Active use has been suggested to fulfil a protective role to anxiety and self-esteem through perceived social support online (Indian and Grieve 2014), however this was not found in the present study.”
The Relationship Between the Need to Belong and Nature Relatedness: The Moderating Role of Independent Self-Construal
Li, L.-M. M. W., Liu, M., & Ito, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638320 · Cited by 19
How different online self-presentations relate to life satisfaction differently in college students: The role of positive online feedback and self-esteem
Tian, L., Zhai, R., Dai, P., & Cui, J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03444-w · Cited by 23
The benefits of supporting others online – How online communication shapes the provision of support and its relationship with wellbeing
Stehr, P. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107568 · Cited by 17
Social Support and Aggressive Communication on Social Network Sites during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Seiter, C. R., & Brophy, N. S. (2021) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1886399 · Cited by 18
The socially poor get richer, the rich get poorer: The effect of online self-disclosure on social connectedness and well-being is conditional on social anxiety and audience size
Desjarlais, M. (2022) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2022-4-4 · Cited by 16
“Other researchers argue in support of the poor-get-richer hypothesis (e.g., Desjarlais & Willoughby, 2010; Indian & Grieve, 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Online Social Interactions Predict Academic and Emotional Adjustment in the Transition to University
Mikami, A. Y., Szwedo, D. E., Khalis, A., Jia, M., & Na, J. J. (2018) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12377 · Cited by 16
“Yet, Indian and Grieve (2014) found that self-reports of more social support received on Facebook (over and above face-to-face social support) were associated with greater well-being for socially anxious individuals.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Habitual Facebook use as a prognosticator for life satisfaction and psychological well-being: social safeness as a moderator
Maziriri, E. T., Nyagadza, B., Mapuranga, M., & Maramura, T. C. (2022) · Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research · doi:10.1108/agjsr-04-2022-0011 · Cited by 19
Rumination mediates the relationships between social anxiety and depression with problematic smartphone use in Chinese youth: A longitudinal approach
Liu, Y., Shi, Y., Zhang, L., & Hou, L. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01318-9 · Cited by 16
“Extensive research (Hutchins et al., 2021; Indian & Grieve, 2014; Pierce, 2009) has consistently shown that individuals with high levels of social anxiety exhibit a preference for online communication due to the depersonalization and social liberation it offers, leading to increased feelings of…”
Social network sites as a threat to users’ self-determination and security: A framing analysis of German newspapers
Teutsch, D., & Niemann-Lenz, J. (2016) · Journal of International Communication · doi:10.1080/13216597.2015.1111841 · Cited by 14
“2014) and social support (Indian & Grieve 2014; Trepte, Dienlin, & Reinecke 2014a) for the user.”
Background
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Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2023) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12504 · Cited by 16
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Measuring Online Social Support: Development and Validation of a Short Form for Chinese Adolescents
Zhou, Z., & Cheng, Q. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114058 · Cited by 15
“, the personal interpretation of supportive transactions, such as the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List [23] used by Indian and Grieve [24] and the family subscale of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [25] used by Frison and Eggermont [26].”
Method
Social Media Interventions for Adolescents and Young People with Depression and Psychosis
Santesteban‐Echarri, O., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., Gleeson, J., & Rice, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69638-6_14 · Cited by 13
Utilization and Influence of Online Support Communities in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis Patients
Verma, S. P., Goshtasbi, K., Berry, L. D., Anderson, C., Francis, D. O., & Gelbard, A. H. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.29110 · Cited by 11
Relationships matter! Social safeness and self‐disclosure may influence the relationship between perceived social support and well‐being for in‐person and online relationships
Nguyen, L., Phillips, C. V., Rodriguez, A., Young, A. R., & Ramdass, J. V. (2022) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12921 · Cited by 15
How Does Family Intimacy Predict Self-Esteem in Adolescents? Moderation of Social Media Use Based on Gender Difference
Shao, X., & Ni, X. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211005453 · Cited by 10
“…use for expanding their social networks online, through maintaining old interpersonal relationships and building new ones, with the hope that their friends or followers on social media may provide social and psychological support when they are in need (Indian & Grieve, 2014; Wohn & Larose, 2014).”
Background
Exploring active and passive interactions in social networking services: a psychological needs perspective
Yang, Y., Xu, J., Land, L. P. W., Yang, S., & Chesney, T. (2023) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-07-2022-0563 · Cited by 11
Mental health benefits and opportunities
Hamilton, J. L., Coulter, R. W. S., & Radović, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817319-0.00013-x · Cited by 10
Social Commerce Intention, Social Interaction, and Social Support
Wu, C., & Horng, S.-M. (2022) · Journal of Organizational and End User Computing · doi:10.4018/joeuc.307565 · Cited by 9
“Since SCI-giving is not a strong benefit perceived by HSA users, the negative moderating role of social anxiety is only significant on SCI-receiving, not on SCI-giving.”
BackgroundInfluential
University life has gone digital: influences of institutional mobile social network use during the COVID-19 emergency
Conrad, C., Moylan, R., & Diaz, G. O. (2022) · Library Hi Tech · doi:10.1108/lht-12-2021-0458 · Cited by 10
RETRACTED : Social Media Use for Cancer Support Among Young Adults with Cancer
Lazard, A. J., Meernik, C., Collins, M. K. R., Vereen, R. N., Benedict, C., Valle, C. G., & Love, B. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2023.0025 · Cited by 9
Retracted
Drivers of participation in Facebook long-term care groups: Applying the use and gratification theory, social identification theory, and the modulating role of group diversity
Lin, T., Fang, D., Hsueh, S.-Y., & Lai, M.-C. (2019) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458219839618 · Cited by 9
A network analysis of Facebook use and well-being in relation to key psychological variables: Replication and extension.
Faelens, L., de Putte, E. V., Hoorelbeke, K., Raedt, R. D., & Koster, E. H. W. (2020) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000325 · Cited by 12
Social media actually used by people with visual impairment: A scoping review
Gkatzola, K., & Papadopoulos, K. (2023) · The British Journal of Visual Impairment · doi:10.1177/02646196231189393 · Cited by 10
“Interestingly, social media interaction can improve the well-being of users who face social anxiety in the real world (Indian & Grieve, 2014).”

Authors: Indian, M., & Grieve, R.
Affiliations: University of Tasmania (AU)
Corresponding author: Grieve, Rachel
ORCID: Grieve, Rachel
Venue: Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-03
Volume: 59
Pages: 102-106
ISSN: 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.016
OpenAlex: W2015136543
Cited by: 170
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 37.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: social anxiety, Facebook, online social support, perceived social support, subjective well-being, social networking sites, face-to-face social interaction, incremental validity

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When Facebook is easier than face-to-face: Social support derived from Facebook in socially anxious individuals

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