A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health

“An outcome-oriented approach regards resilience as a function or behavioral outcome that can conquer and help individuals to recover from adversity (Harvey & Delfabbro, 2004; Masten, 2001).”

“…of communities living in an area prone to climate change impacts, for example, resilience strengthened a community’s capacity to maintain or recover high well-being during life adversity, and was proven to be significantly related with life satisfaction and positive and negative feelings [50,51].”

“Supporting these arguments, Hu et al. (2015) results suggest that resilience provides protection against the effects of negative stressful events in daily life and improve individuals’ capacity to deal with potential threats.”

“Low resilience, however, makes coping with stress harder, increasing vulnerability to mental health issues [40].”

“This suggests that higher levels of trauma exposure are associated with slightly lower levels of resilience, a finding consistent with prior meta-analyses in trauma research (Fritz et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2015).”

“Recent research has highlighted its role in health promotion and the mitigation of mental health problems [8, 9].”

“13 Psychological resilience, 14,15 along with positive factors such as hope, 16 optimism, 17 and self-esteem, 18,19 has been confirmed to play a beneficial role in enhancing mental health.”

“Resilience refers to the capacity to cope with pressures such as stress (Bonanno, 2008) and to overcome them (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Lower levels of resilience-related factors have been associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health indicators [16].”

“Second, resilient strategies have shown to be negatively correlated to negative indicators of mental health and positively linked to positive indicators of mental health (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Various research studies have shown that measures of resilience and well-being have substantial connections (Harms et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2015; Spain et al., 2016), but the relationship between resilience and well-being is not yet clear (Harms & Wood, 2016).”

“The results of a meta-analysis on 76 studies showed a signi fi cantly weak, negative correlation between resilience and depression, anxiety and negative affect (Hu et al., 2015).”

“In addition, a meta-analytic study has demonstrated that adolescents’ trait resilience is associated with their mental health [18].”

“, life satisfaction), though these findings have nearly exclusively considered internal resilience [31].”

“Based on empirical findings from other military samples, we expected psychological distress to predict lower levels of resilience (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Hu et al. (2015) defined trait resilience as a personal trait that allows individuals to adjust and overcome adversity.”

“Introduction Recently, resilience has been paid attention to in the field of psychiatry because it is considered to be related to psychopathological process.(1) Resilience is defined as “the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy threats or even significant sources of stress”(2) and reflect…”

“Furthermore, this model has been fruitfully applied in research examining the interplay between mental health, resilience, and domain-specific physical activity (Hu et al., 2015; White et al., 2017).”

“This lack of coherence has hindered research findings and the development of practical applications, particularly in mental health (Hu, Zhang, and Wang 2015).”

“Research has shown that resilient individuals can protect their physical and mental health by both buffering the negative consequences of stressful life events and increasing their psychological wellbeing (Hu et al., 2015; Ungar, 2013).”

“Previous research has demonstrated that individuals with higher levels of trait resilience are better able to maintain normal functioning and adjustment when faced with circumstances that change day-to-day (Hu et al., 2015; Waugh et al., 2011).”

“A meta-analysis reviewing 60 empirical studies to quantitatively determine the association of psychological resilience and mental health [4], showed negative relations with depression, anxiety, or negative affect and positive relations to life satisfaction and positive affect.”

“More resilient individuals tend to enjoy more positive social, emotional, cognitive, and academic outcomes [34], and greater resilience also appears to reduce the impact of negative life events, buttress against negative life events, and improve a persons’ ability to adapt to future negative life…”

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“…the scale has correlations validity; In addition to being a stable predictor of subjective well-being (Quoidbach et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2015), emotion regulation and psychological resilience appear to be more stable than life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety, which are…”

“Resilience is associated with factors that are important for the success of college students such as mental and emotional health (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Resilience was indicated as a predictor of positive mental health, such as well-being (Arslan, 2021a; Satici, 2016), and mental ill-health, such as depression and anxiety (Beutel et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2015).”

“32,33 Recent work also demonstrates that trait resilience predicts mental health outcomes including depressive and anxiety symptoms in US adults in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.”

“It is also related to greater endorsement of positive affect and life satisfaction (F¨arber & Rosendahl, 2020; Hu et al., 2015).”

“14 On the other hand, although meta-analyses have found strong relationships between resilience criteria and well-being criteria, 27 the direction and composition of the relationship between resilience and well-being are not simple; these constructs have a dynamic nature in addition to their…”

“This assumes that some individuals carry personal characteristics that increase their ability to cope in the face of adversity and allow positive adaptation to new circumstances [11,13] and was therefore deemed most likely to be measurable between individuals via a psychometric scale.”

“Session 8: Resilience A meta-analysis showed that resilience is negatively associated with negative mental health outcomes and positively associated with positive outcomes (52).”

“This result is in line with previous studies showing that resilience is negatively related to adjustment problems, psychological problems, depression, and academic stress (Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016; Hu et al., 2015).”

“Thus, in line with other scholars (e.g., Hu et al., 2015; Jacelon, 1997), we consider resilience a trait-like capacity (Kossek & Perrigino, 2016), while recognizing that time, situational factors, and past experience influence one’s level of the trait and ability to express the trait.”

“Well-being and resilience seem to be associated [8, 9].”

“This is consistent with previous literature, which documents that subjective well-being correlates with resilience (Hu et al., 2015), future orientation (Shepard & Turner, 2019), and academic intrinsic motivation (Bhat & Naik, 2016).”

“Although one body of literature has focused on resilience itself as the outcome [7–9], in other studies, investigators associated health-related behaviors, disease risk factors or health outcomes themselves with different levels of individual resilience [5, 6].”

“Thus, the potential negative effect of kinesiophobia on resilience may deteriorate the long-term recovery process, since resilience, despite being considered a trait or a skill that is open to change, may keep individuals highly motivated when they face chronic and stressful conditions [27].”

“Resilience has become a focal point of study within sociology, psychology, and other mental health-related fields (Davydov et al. 2010; Hu et al. 2015; Walker and Peterson 2018).”

“…involved in resilience have essential ramifications for mental health, while others report positive associations between trait resilience and various outcomes (Hu et al., 2015 ; Șoflău et al., 2024 ), including satisfaction with life (Liu et al., 2014 ), and positive affect (Cohn et al., 2009).”

“Autonomy refers to being able to resist social pressures to think and act positively, whereas fear of failure characterizes individuals’ tendency to avoid making mistakes or avoid to take risks due to the perceived shame and uncertainty about the future (Windle, 2011; Hu et al., 2015).”

“A meta-analysis of associations between resilience and mental health among the general population across various countries (Hu et al., 2015) found that higher trait resilience was associated with fewer negative mental health outcomes (i.e. depression, anxiety, and negative affect) and more positive…”

“…- tors, we found that identifying as a woman (e.g., Hansen & Blekesaune, 2022), being younger (e.g., Carney et al., 2021), having one or more disabilities (e.g., Turner et al., 2006), and lower trait resilience (e.g., Hu et al., 2015) were associated with less odds of being in a prospering profile.”

“In the current review, resilience was defined as psychological resources, internal and personal assets, appraisals, and/or qualities that prevent suicidal thoughts and behaviors and can protect individuals from the impact of adverse events and their aftermath (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Inconsistencies in the definition of resilience, as demonstrated by previous research, have hindered the evaluation and comparison of research findings (Hu et al., 2015).”

“…eudaimonic wellbeing and life satisfaction, have better abilities for resilience and have better abilities in providing social-emotional support and modeling resilient behaviors for promoting students’ abilities for resilience (Beltman et al., 2011; Hu et al., 2015; von Muenchhausen et al., 2021).”

“Conceptualized as both a trait and a process [1, 2] resiliency denotes preservation of healthy levels of physiological and psychological functioning when exposed to chronic stressors or life-threatening events such as a cancer diagnosis [3, 4].”

“Oneofthe solutions is in enhancing employee resilience, which can augment performance and well-being (Hu et al., 2015; Kuntz et al., 2017; Shin et al., 2012), as well as help organizations reduce shocks, resist pressures, and achieve prosperity, thereby becoming a decisive factor in achieving…”

“…que guarda una relación con la autoestima, el optimismo, la regulación emocional, la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico (Caldera et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2015; Vizoso, 2019), los cuales predicen un adecuado afrontamiento a estresores cotidianos y circunstancias altamente hostiles (Bacchi &…”

“One of the contributing factors, which its relationship with mental health status has been well documented, is trait resilience [10].”

“…similar to the findings in the literature, better health and well-being are associated with higher PR, negative effects on health and well-being were found to be associated with lower PR (Al Omari et al., 2023; Chua et al., 2023; Genc x and Yig˘itbas x , 2022; Hu et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2024).”

“This allows them to approach a stressful situation knowing the experience is temporary and that their stress will be resolved — protecting against the development of mental health disorders (T. Hu et al., 2015; Rutter, 2012).”

“According to studies conducted in educational psychology, persistence, low anxiety, self-efficacy, control, and planning positively predicted academic resilience (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Two divergent opinions regarding this concept of resilience exist in the literature: the personality trait and adaptive trait perspectives (Alarcon, 2011; Galatzer-Levy et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2015).”

“A meta-analysis demonstrated that gender moderates the association between trait resilience and mental health, indicating a weaker effect for male participants as the male sample size increased (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Specifically, individuals with higher levels of resilience, when faced with ostracism, demonstrate greater emotional and mental strength to replenish their unmet needs and regulate their emotions (Hu et al., 2015; Williams, 2007).”

“Se han observado tres aproxi-maciones actuales en los estudios sobre resiliencia; se la ve como un rasgo, como un resultado o como un proceso (Hu et al. , 2015).”

“Previous studies demonstrate that resilience is negatively associated with adverse indicators of mental health (e.g., depression and anxiety) and positively related to favorable indicators of mental health (e.g., life satisfaction) (Hu et al., 2015).”

“Consistent research suggests that resilience is associated with better physical and psychological health (Hu et al., 2015; McGowan et al., 2018; Kennedy et al., 2024; Nath & Pradhan, 2012; Özmen et al., 2023), as well as increased quality of life and well-being (Arslan, 2019; Duggan et al., 2016;…”

“Numerous studies have demonstrated that resilience is related to more positive, and less negative, indicators of mental health and that it is particularly important for mitigating mental health challenges among female adults and people in adversity (see Hu et al., 2015).”

“Consistent with our findings, previous cross‐sectional research indicated that factors such as peer relationships, neighbourhood satisfaction, positive school experiences, were associated with better mental health both in those with and without childhood adversities such as maltreatment or abuse (Afifi et al., 2016; A…”